[Anatomo-functional state of the central retina in premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and retinopathy of prematurity]. / Anatomo-funktsional'noe sostoyanie tsentral'nykh otdelov setchatki u nedonoshennykh detei, perenesshikh vnutrizheludochkovye krovoizliyaniya i retinopatiyu nedonoshennykh.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the anatomo-functional state of the central retina in children with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the long-term period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 51 patients (102 eyes) born 25-34 weeks' of gestation (birth weight 700-2290 g), aged 8.83±3.5 years, and 18 children (36 eyes) born prematurely aged 10.8±3.2 years. The children underwent standard ophthalmologic examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual evoked potentials (VEP). RESULTS: Retinal thickness (RT) and retinal volume (RV) in the fovea of premature infants with PH and/or IVH are significantly higher than in healthy full-term infants, which correlates with lower visual acuity (p<0.05). RT and RV in the fovea has an inverse proportional relationship with gestational age (GA), (p<0.05). According to the results of VEP, moderate organic changes in the conduction tract of the visual analyzer are noted in 45% of premature infants (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The process of macula formation is affected by many perinatal and postnatal factors, namely: GA, birth weight, ROP, hypoxic-ischemic CNS diseases, and refractive disorders.

[Modern possibilities of diagnosing lesions of the visual analyzer in perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in full-term and premature infants]. / Sovremennye vozmozhnosti diagnostiki porazheniya zritel'nogo analizatora pri perinatal'nom porazhenii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy u donoshennykh i nedonoshennykh detei.

The article provides an overview of current neuro-ophthalmological diagnostic capabilities in patients with perinatal lesions. The main attention is paid to the diagnosis of patients with periventricular leukomalacia and peri- and intraventricular hemorrhages. The most relevant methods of neuro-ophthalmological diagnosis in hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions are covered. The functions and peculiarities of blood supply of the germinal matrix are described. The importance of the use of optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potential recording in full-term and premature infants with visual pathway and/or visual cortex lesions in brain lesions is discussed. The conclusion emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach in the examination of children with perinatal CNS lesions.