RESUMO
A new target has been revealed for therapy for herpes simplex type 2. The target is RS1 mRNA whose activation is a key stage in regulating the expression of the early genes of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The targeted knockdown of the function of this gene by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has been found to result in the complete suppression of HSV-2 infection. The designed interfering RNAs are able to interact with both HSV-1 and HSV-2. The findings suggest that siRNAs have protective properties against the cytopathic effect of HSV-2 and cause no toxicity to infected Vero cells.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 2/genética , Proteínas Imediatamente Precoces/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Animais , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Chlorocebus aethiops , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , RNA Mensageiro/antagonistas & inibidores , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/administração & dosagem , Células Vero , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The paper provides the data of a comparative analysis of the indicators of immune and interferon states and cytokine profile and the results of virological studies in patients with different (acute and chronic) forms of mixed herpesvirus infection (with virus simplex herpes types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus type 6, and others). Pronounced changes were found in immune responses in such patients. There were decreases in IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma values in 36 and 13%, respectively; 51% of the subjects showed a reduction in both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma along with the high titers of antibodies to viruses of the Herpesviridae family and their infectious activity. There were changes in the cytokine profile, activation of IFN-alpha, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 gene expression, and suppression of IL-2 gene transcription in the majority of the patients. Determination of IFN susceptibility revealed that 86% of the subjects responded to IFN-alpha therapy and only 11% of cases did to IFN-gamma one.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/metabolismo , Herpesviridae/imunologia , Interferon-alfa , Interferon gama , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/metabolismo , Infecções por Herpesviridae/terapia , Humanos , Interferon-alfa/metabolismo , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interferon gama/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Two practically important antiviral agents, i.e. foscarnet (phosphonoformic acid, foscavir) and acyclovir, and their inhibitory effect on reproduction of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) were investigated in an experiment with sensitive lymphoblastoic cell line HSB-2. Phosphonoformic acid (PFA) was shown advantageous vs. acyclovir. In a model of HHV-6 infection acyclovir was low active (chemotherapeutic index of 0.9) and its use in clinical practice is not useful, whereas PFA (chemoterapeutic index of 10) and similar agents showed significant antiviral activity that indicated the necessity of their further investigation.
Assuntos
Aciclovir/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Foscarnet/farmacologia , Herpesvirus Humano 6/efeitos dos fármacos , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Herpesvirus Humano 6/fisiologia , HumanosRESUMO
The paper contains a description of modern data on etiotropic therapy (chemotherapy) for widespread and socially-significant viral infections, like influenza, acute respiratory lesions, herpes-virus infections, hepatitis, AIDS and other extra dangerous viral infections. The survey focuses on the contribution of Russian researchers to creating antiviral chemopreparations.
Assuntos
Antivirais , Viroses/terapia , Doença Aguda , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite Viral Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Influenza Humana/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Viroses/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Reviews modern data on laboratory diagnosis (virological, immunobiochemical, molecular biological methods) and differential diagnosis of herpesvirus infection induced by various Herpesviridae.
Assuntos
Herpes Simples/diagnóstico , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Herpesvirus Humano 2 , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Presents modern data on a group of novel viruses pathogenic for man: types 6, 7, and 8 human lymphotropic herpesviruses (HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8). HHV-6 and HHV-8 are characterized by wide cell tropism, and HHV-7 is selectively tropic to CD4+ T-lymphocytes. HHV-6 and HHV-7 are etiological agents of exanthema subitum (roseoia infantum), a disease of infancy, and of many grave lymphoproliferative disorders, and HHV-8 is a herpesvirus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. The morphology, immunobiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, epidemiology, and therapy of HHV, HHV-7, and HHV-8 infection are characterized in brief.
Assuntos
Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/virologia , Células Cultivadas , Herpesviridae/imunologia , Herpesviridae/patogenicidade , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/patologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/terapia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , HumanosRESUMO
A total of 115 strains of herpes simplex virus were isolated from clinical material collected in patients with genital herpes. The majority (93%) of isolated strains were sensitive to acyclovir: ID50 varied from 0.15 to 0.80 microgram/ml acyclovir. Eleven (7%) strains from 4 patients were resistant to acyclovir: ID50 was 30-125 times higher in comparison with the reference HSV-1 strain L2.
Assuntos
Aciclovir/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Herpes Genital/tratamento farmacológico , Herpes Genital/virologia , Simplexvirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Aciclovir/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificação , Células VeroRESUMO
On the basis of the lanthanide immunofluorescent assay (LIFA) test systems for the determination of herpes simplex virus (HSV-LIFA) and cytomegalovirus (CMV-LIFA) antigens have been developed. The test system HSV-LIFA includes the sandwich of monoclonal antibodies (McAb) HSV A.3.3. or B-11 to type 2 HSV, strain BH; the test system CMV-LIFA includes the sandwich of rabbit McAb to CMV, strain AD 169. The approbation of the test systems has revealed that they insure the specific detection of HSV and CMV antigens in clinical specimens (urine, blood, liquor, saliva), the LIFA results well correlating with the data on the isolation of viruses in cell cultures, with the results obtained by other diagnostic methods and with clinical manifestations of diseases. LIFA has been shown to be more sensitive than the enzyme immunoassay.
Assuntos
Antígenos Virais/análise , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Imunofluorescência , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Metais Terras Raras , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico , Animais , Líquidos Corporais/imunologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Hibridomas/imunologia , Camundongos , Coelhos , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico/estatística & dados numéricos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
A high prevalence of genital infections was revealed in patients suffering for a long time from sterility. The inflammatory process was found to predominate in tubal sterility. In other forms of sterility with asymptomatic urogenital infections the couples are frequently unaware of the disease and are not properly examined. Genital inflammations not diagnosed for many years augment the endocrine disorders and stimulate the development of autoimmune states. Today, a mixed viral/bacterial urogenital infection is the principal cause of reproductive disorders.
Assuntos
Infertilidade Feminina/microbiologia , Infertilidade Masculina/microbiologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/fisiopatologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/virologia , Infertilidade Masculina/virologia , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Antiviral activity of vegetan, a new natural immunostimulator, in herpetic meningoencephalitis of mice, genital herpes of guinea pigs, and parvoviral enteritis of dogs was compared to that of acylguanosine and phosphonoformic acid (PFA). Vegetan incorporated in liposomes or pure was the most active if used for prevention 5 days before intracerebral infection of mice with herpes simplex type 1 virus, whatever the dose of infective agent (10 to 100 LD50). Protective efficacy of vegetan was 57-63%, whereas for ara-A, acylguanosine, and PFA these values were, respectively, 20, 25, and 33%. Use of liposomal vegetan preparation ensured a 80% protective effect. Vegetan had a manifest antiviral effect in guinea pigs with genital herpes and in dogs with parvoviral enteritis.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Parvoviridae/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cães , Enterite/tratamento farmacológico , Cobaias , Meningoencefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Compostos Orgânicos , Células VeroRESUMO
Mutual activation of reproduction of type 1 HIV and herpes simplex types 1 and 2 viruses (HSV) was observed in simultaneous infection of continuous T-cellular lymphoblastoid lines (CEM, 119, Hut-78, MT-4, Jurkat-tat) and U-937 monocytic line. Syncytium formation and cytodestructive pattern of reproduction of viruses of both families in these cell lines necessitated the use of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the antigens of these viruses in order to assess the level of reproduction. The concentration of HIV antigens in EIA increased in mixed infection by 1.4 to 2.1 times in different cultures in comparison with the culture infected with HIV-1 alone, and concentrations of HSV-1 and HSV-2 increased by 1.3-1.8 times in mixed infection, in comparison with reproduction in lymphoblastoid cultures infected with HSV alone. EIA was alone used to examine the production of IgG and IgM antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus, another representative of Herpesviridae family, in the blood sera of patients with immunodeficiency states in whose sera antibodies to proteins produced by gag HIV gene (p15/17, p24, p55) were detected. Increased concentration of IgG antibodies were revealed in 36% of these patients, whereas in healthy donors the sera with elevated concentrations of IgG to Epstein-Barr virus were far less incident (12%). A hypothesis about mutual activation of HIV and herpes viruses is put forward.
Assuntos
HIV-1/fisiologia , Herpesviridae/fisiologia , Replicação Viral , Animais , Antígenos Virais/análise , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Imunoglobulina G/biossíntese , Imunoglobulina M/biossíntese , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Células VeroRESUMO
Isolation of a virus agent from sick white cranes in National Oka Preserve is described. The results of virological and serological studies on specimens from the sick birds permitted a conclusion that the infection in the cranes could be induced by avian herpes virus.
Assuntos
Aves/microbiologia , Herpesvirus Galináceo 2/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças das Aves/microbiologia , Embrião de Galinha , Herpesvirus Galináceo 2/imunologia , Herpesvirus Galináceo 2/patogenicidade , Imunização , Doença de Marek/microbiologia , Camundongos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Coelhos , Fatores de Tempo , Cultura de VírusRESUMO
Human hybridoma cells producing monoclonal antibodies to human herpes simplex virus were generated. The antibody produced by the hybrid cells interacted with herpes virus types I and II in enzyme immunoassay and complement fixation test, had neutralizing activity both in vivo and in vitro. These human monoclonal antibodies may be used for immunotherapy of herpes virus infection.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Hibridomas/imunologia , Simplexvirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/análise , Anticorpos Monoclonais/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Anticorpos Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/microbiologia , Fusão Celular/imunologia , Linhagem Celular , Transformação Celular Viral , Herpes Simples/microbiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Testes de Neutralização , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificaçãoAssuntos
Infecções por Herpesviridae/terapia , Animais , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Herpesviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesviridae/genética , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Humanos , Indutores de Interferon/uso terapêutico , Interferons/uso terapêutico , Mutação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Generalized herpetic infection in the newborn runs its course in association with cerebral lesions as well as with injuries to the lungs, heart and liver. The infection diagnosis should take into account the mother's epidemiological anamnesis, the clinical manifestations in the child and the results of the simultaneous use of several methods (fluorescent antibody test, IEA, virological test). Of paramount importance is the simultaneous examination of the mother. Of no less importance is echoencephalography, namely the detection of cysts in white matter of the frontal lobes.
Assuntos
Encefalite/etiologia , Herpes Simples/etiologia , Pneumonia Viral/etiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Ecoencefalografia , Encefalite/congênito , Encefalite/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Imunofluorescência , Herpes Simples/congênito , Herpes Simples/diagnóstico , Herpes Simples/transmissão , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Pneumonia Viral/congênito , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Gravidez , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Simplexvirus/imunologia , Simplexvirus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The incidence of primary genital herpes among women of the childbearing age in Khabarovsk is 2.6% or from 0 to 10.4 per 1000. Asymptomatic herpes simplex virus (HSV) carrier state in the genital tract was detected in 24.1 +/- 5.2% normal women. The virus-carrier state exerts untoward effects on the course of pregnancy and condition of the fetus. In women infected with HSV, the hazard of abortion is 1.8 times as frequent, premature delivery is 3.2 times as frequent, and children of such mothers have symptoms of intrauterine hypotrophy 4.5 times as frequently as normally.
Assuntos
Herpes Genital/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Antígenos Virais/análise , Colo do Útero/imunologia , Feminino , Herpes Simples/congênito , Herpes Simples/epidemiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sibéria/epidemiologia , Simplexvirus/imunologia , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Analysis of biological specimens from gynecological, ophthalmological, and stomatological patients was carried out using current express methods for diagnosis of herpes virus infection developed by the authors: enzyme immunoassay (EIA), time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-FIA), molecular hybridization and conventional immunofluorescence technique. Monoclonal antibodies (MCA) generated by us with epitope specificity for gpD HSV-2 were used in EIA and tr-FIA. F(ab')2-fragments of MCA used as sorbents and for preparation of conjugates were found to be by 250% more sensitive than intact IgG used for similar purposes. The employment of EIA based on MCA F(ab')2-fragments contributed to detection of 0.2-0.6 ng of virus-specific protein in a specimen. Comparison of the results of analysis of clinical specimens of broad spectrum (mucous secreta from the cervical canal of the uterus and posterior vault of the vagina, saliva, lacrimal fluid) by the above express methods for diagnosis of herpes virus infection revealed a high percentage of positive findings, none of the methods providing 100% diagnosis. The use of a set of methods makes the resultant information more objective. Therefore, in future the data obtained by a number of current express methods for herpes diagnosis should be compared.
Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/imunologia , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/imunologia , Herpes Simples/diagnóstico , Doenças da Boca/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Muco do Colo Uterino/imunologia , Feminino , Herpes Genital/diagnóstico , Humanos , Testes Imunológicos/métodos , Saliva/imunologia , Simplexvirus/imunologia , Lágrimas/imunologiaAssuntos
Infecções por Herpesviridae/prevenção & controle , gama-Globulinas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Especificidade de Anticorpos/imunologia , Herpesviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/terapia , Humanos , Imunização Passiva/métodosRESUMO
The therapeutic effect of genetically engineered interferon (reaferon) in the treatment of genital herpes in male guinea pigs was studied. The disease was induced in the animals by application of culture liquid containing herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) to the scarified skin of the penis. The affected sites were treated once daily, for 7 days, with different reaferon preparations 1-3 days after the symptoms of the disease had appeared. Reaferon preparations were most effective in the treatment of experimentally induced genital herpes when incorporated into liposomes, had a less pronounced therapeutic effect when mixed with 3% deoxymethylcellulose to form a hydrocolloid, and were least effective in aqueous solution. Incorporation of the antiviral agents acyclovir and Biolf-62 into liposomes also showed improved effectiveness, in comparison with the free compounds, in the treatment of genital herpes in guinea pigs.