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BACKGROUND: Corpus callosum plays a role in interhemispheric integration, language, intelligence, and creativity of individuals, hence variations in corpus callosum size are seen in various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and bipolar affective disorder. While the dimensions differ based on gender, age, and ethnicity, pathological variations are seen with some diseases such as vascular dementia, leukoaraiosis, stroke, and carotid artery stenosis. This study was conducted to compare the morphometric alterations of the corpus callosum between normal subjects and stroke patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: This was a case-control study conducted on 84 subjects divided into cases and control groups. The widths of the genu, body & splenium, and anterior-posterior (AP) diameter of the corpus callosum were measured and the values were compared among the two groups. Student's t-test and regression analysis were utilized for the analysis of data and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Sixteen patients (19.04%) belonged to the age range of 18-40 years, 32 (38.09%) belonged to the age range of 41-60 years and 36 (42.8%) belonged to the age group of >60 years. There was no discrepancy between cases and controls or between the age groups. The mean width of genu, body & splenium, and AP diameter was compared between normal individuals and stroke patients. It was noted to be significantly lesser in cases than in controls. The morphometric indices i.e., width of genu, body & splenium, and AP diameter of the corpus callosum in cases versus controls were noted to be 9.8 ± 1.2 vs. 10.27 ± 0.3 mm, p=0.12; 5.1±0.9 vs. 5.3±0.24 mm, p=0.25; 12.11 ± 9.65 vs. 12.52 ± 13.9 mm, p=0.04 (significant) and 71.22±3.1 vs. 72.32±1.2, p=0.23, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that patients with stroke have a significant reduction in morphometric indices i.e., width of genu, body & splenium, and the AP diameter of the corpus callosum when compared to normal individuals.
RESUMO
Background and objective Knowledge about sphenoid sinus pneumatization is critical for skull base surgeries and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in order to avoid serious complications like postoperative meningitis, sinusitis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, and intracranial hematoma. In this study, we aimed to assess the proportion of anatomical variants in sphenoid sinus pneumatization and to determine the common sphenoid pneumatization pattern in a South Indian population. Methods This retrospective study was conducted over a period of six months from July 2019 to December 2019 among 573 patients who underwent non-contrast CT (NCCT) or contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the brain, paranasal sinuses (PNS), orbit, and face. Results Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-39 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.45:1. Among the posterior extensions, the most common variant was type D, followed by type C, type B, and type A. Among the clival extensions, the most common variant was Cliv-A, followed by Cliv-B, Cliv-C, and Cliv-D. The most common lateral wall pneumatization was bilateral lateral wall pneumatization followed by unilateral sinus wall pneumatization. Lat-A was the most common lateral wall pneumatization pattern followed by Lat-D, Lat-B, and Lat-C. Conclusion Our study intends to classify the sphenoid sinus pneumatization pattern and identify the most common variant among them, thereby guiding the skull base and FESS surgeons in choosing the correct mode of the operative procedure and also anticipating and avoiding complications of surgery.
