[Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative status in children with congenital heart defects]. / Zobrazení pooperacních stavu detí s vrozenou srdecní vadou magnetickou rezonancí.

The justification of examinations by magnetic resonance and the results of visualization of cardiac and vascular structures in relation to the performed surgical operation were evaluated retrospectively in 24 children after surgery of congenital heart disease. Thirteen patients had an operation of coarctation or a double aortic arch and four had an operation of an anomaly of the branch of the pulmonary artery-its loop or atresia. Seven patients had operations, mostly complicated inborn heart disease, of the common arterial trunk and transposition of the large arteries with a conduit, tricuspidal atresia after Fontan's or Glenn's modified operation and ligature of an aortal aneurysm. At the time of examination the patients were 4 to 18 years old. Spin echo sequences obtained by basic reconstructions of T1 and possibly T2 weighted images on a 1.5 T Magnetom apparatus Siemens proved an excellent visualization in the area of the large arteries and the capacity of detailed visualization of cardiac structures, incl. changes of the vascular wall in relation to the performed operation. Magnetic resonance examinations provided accurate information on central anastomoses and conduits as well as on changes of the vascular lumen. The investigation confirmed that magnetic resonance is suitable for visualization of postoperative changes and findings of morphological structures in particular at sites of cardiovascular anastomoses where magnetic resonance supplements the visualization capacity of echocardiography and substitutes invasive examinations where only an angiographic examination is needed. In eight instances the examination was supplemented by invasive assessment of haemodynamic conditions.

[Long-term follow-up of the quality of life in children after surgery for vascular compression of the respiratory tract]. / Kvalita zivota detí dlouhodobe po operaci pro útlak dýchacích cest cévní strukturou.

The aim of this study is the analysis of long-term results of surgery for vascular airway compression. Out of those operated within last 14 years at our institution, thirty two have a longer than five years follow up, being now 9.1 +/- 3.0 years following surgery. All are in excellent clinical condition. One quarter of patients show occasional stridor and one third frequent respiratory infections. Eighty percent have some lung function abnormality, 72% features of central airways obstruction. Pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy demonstrated in 19% asymmetric pulmonary blood flow. Magnetic resonance imaging showed relationship between vessels and airways. Although long-term outcome of surgery for vascular airway compression is excellent, high percentage of pathologic lung functions is of concern and substantiates the need for close long-term follow-up.

A case of hyperplasia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary imitating intrasellar expansion.

The authors describe the case of an obese girl with severe hypothyroidism which led to increased TSH secretion and finally to hyperplasia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary diagnosed by magnetic resonance. After substitution treatment with thyroid hormones was started, marked improvement of the general condition, loss of body weight and normalization of laboratory findings and regression of hyperplastic tissue occurred.

Benign cyst of the paramedian pontine tegmentum.

A benign ovoid cyst, without an epithelial lining, localized in the paramedian pontine tegmentum, was examined by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (25 x 15 x 15 mm) and successfully operated upon. The one-and-a-half syndrome (horizontal gaze palsy to the right and paralysis of adduction of the right eye) and ipsilateral "peripheral" VII nerve palsy dominated the clinical picture. Fenestration, 5 mm in diameter, of the cyst wall through the floor of the IV ventricle was performed and 2.6 ml of clear, colorless fluid was evacuated. Inspection of the cyst, using the operating microscope, revealed a smooth, white, glistening cavity with no evidence of other pathological tissue. Duraplasty was performed with allogenic pericardium. Neurological symptoms improved immediately after surgery. Light and electron microscopy of the cyst wall revealed a fibrillar astroglial network and fragments of ependyma at the ventricular side of the biopsy.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of partial growth arrest after physeal injuries in children.

The precise delineation of the size, shape, and location of an osseous bridge is a critical step in the management of children who have a partial growth arrest of the epiphyseal plate. Five children between the ages of ten and fourteen years were diagnosed, with the aid of conventional roentgenograms, as having a partial growth arrest. Magnetic resonance-imaging studies were carried out to determine the exact size, shape, and location of the osseous bridge. The information derived from the imaging studies was essential for the determination of the appropriate treatment and for the planning and undertaking of any operative intervention.

[Magnetic resonance--personal experience with its use in otorhinolaryngology]. / Magnetická rezonance--nase zkusenosti s jejím uplatnením v otorinolaryngologii.

The authors present their initial experience with the visualization by magnetic resonance (MR) in otorhinolaryngology in the CSR. Due to multidimensional and high contrast visualization, MR facilitates greatly spatial orientation as regards localization and size of the pathological process. Its importance otorhinolaryngology is in particular in the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases. For some localizations of tumours MR is the method of choice.