Trastornos neurológicos desmielinizantes y vacunación del papilomavirus humano / Demyelinating disease and vaccination of the human papillomavirus

Introducción. La prevención primaria mediante la vacunación contra la mayor causa de cáncer de cérvix, el papilomavirus humano (VPH) tipos 16 y 18, es de amplia distribución mundial. Tras su aprobación, se han descrito efectos adversos neurológicos en estudios descriptivos y limitados por la dificultad de obtener la información, por lo que debe considerarse la infraestimación. Describimos los casos de cuatro mujeres jóvenes que desarrollaron enfermedades de características desmielinizantes tras la vacunación para VPH. Casos clínicos. Se describen en total seis episodios neurológicos tras la vacunación, con un rango de tiempo entre la administración de la dosis y el desarrollo de la clínica de cuatro días a un mes. Los diagnósticos fueron dos mielitis transversas, neuritis óptica y parálisis facial periférica, estos dos últimos recurrentes con las dosis vacunales sucesivas. En la evolución posterior, dos de los casos desarrollaron síntomas que llevaron al diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple. Conclusiones. Previamente se habían descrito encefalitis, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, mielitis transversa o neuritis braquial, relacionados con la inmunización posvacunal, lo que sugería el desencadenamiento de un mecanismo inmunológico como base del evento desmielinizante, quizás en jóvenes predispuestas. Nuestros casos nos llevan a postular que, en ocasiones, la vacuna puede desencadenar complicaciones similares a la encefalomielitis posvacunal, y en otros puede precipitar un primer brote o desenmascarar una esclerosis múltiple latente. Destacamos la necesidad de describir episodios desmielinizantes tras la vacunación del VPH, teniendo en cuenta que la latencia puede ser de hasta 30 días, para caracterizar su perfil de riesgo (AU)

Introduction. Primary prevention by prophylactic vaccination against the major cause of cervical cancer, the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, is now available worldwide. Postlicensure adverse neurological effects have been described. The studies realized after the license are descriptive and limited by the difficulty to obtain the information, despite most of the statistical indexes show that the adverse effects by the vaccine of the HPV are not upper compared with other vaccines, the substimation must be considered. Case reports. We describe the cases of four young women that developed demyelinating disease after the vaccination of the HPV, with a rank of time between the administration of the dose and the development of the clinical of seven days to a month, with similar symptoms with the successive doses. We have described six episodes coinciding after the vaccination. Conclusions. Have been described seizures, autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis, or motor neuron disease, probably adverse effects following immunization by HPV vaccine. So we suggest that vaccine may trigger an immunological mechanism leading to demyelinating events, perhaps in predisposed young (AU)

[Demyelinating disease and vaccination of the human papillomavirus]. / Trastornos neurológicos desmielinizantes y vacunación del papilomavirus humano.

INTRODUCTION: Primary prevention by prophylactic vaccination against the major cause of cervical cancer, the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, is now available worldwide. Postlicensure adverse neurological effects have been described. The studies realized after the license are descriptive and limited by the difficulty to obtain the information, despite most of the statistical indexes show that the adverse effects by the vaccine of the HPV are not upper compared with other vaccines, the substimation must be considered. CASE REPORTS: We describe the cases of four young women that developed demyelinating disease after the vaccination of the HPV, with a rank of time between the administration of the dose and the development of the clinical of seven days to a month, with similar symptoms with the successive doses. We have described six episodes coinciding after the vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Have been described seizures, autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, or motor neuron disease, probably adverse effects following immunization by HPV vaccine. So we suggest that vaccine may trigger an immunological mechanism leading to demyelinating events, perhaps in predisposed young.