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1.
Apuntes psicol ; 33(1): 17-22, 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158113

RESUMO

El estigma asociado al ejercicio de la prostitución y las condiciones en las que se realiza favorece la exclusión de este colectivo que puede interferir en la adecuada satisfacción de sus necesidades emocionales y sociales favoreciendo la aparición del sentimiento de soledad. Este estudio relaciona las condiciones en las que se lleva a cabo la prostitución con los sentimientos de soledad. Se ha encontrado que la muestra presenta condiciones de vida que favorecen la aparición de sentimientos de soledad, los cuales son más altos que la población general. Mejorar los vínculos socioemocionales de este colectivo es necesario para mejorar su salud


Stigma associated with prostitution and conditions under which it is performed promotes social isolation of this group which can interfere with the proper satisfaction of their emotional and social needs favoring the emergence of the feeling of loneliness. This study relates the conditions in which prostitution takes place with feelings of loneliness. It has been found that the sample presents living conditions that favor the development of feelings of loneliness, which are higher than the general population. Improve the emotional and social bonds of this collective are important to improve their health


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Solidão/psicologia , Trabalho Sexual/psicologia , Estereotipagem , Discriminação Social/classificação , Discriminação Social/psicologia , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/psicologia , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Espanha/etnologia , Apego ao Objeto , Relações Interpessoais , Discriminação Social/etnologia , Discriminação Social , Violência Doméstica/classificação , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/classificação , Estudos Transversais , Pesos e Medidas
2.
Span J Psychol ; 15(3): 1325-38, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23156936

RESUMO

Professionals who are likely to come into contact with children play an essential role in the protection of children, thus we aimed to study the criteria they use to identify and report child sexual abuse cases. Based on the Factorial Survey design, we presented 974 Spanish (90%) and Latin American professionals from six fields (Psychology, Social Services, Education, Health, Law and Security) with hypothetical situations of sexual interaction with minors (systematically varying the type of sexual act, the child's and the other person's sex and age, the use of coercion and the type of strategy employed to involve the child), in order to examine their perception of abuse and willingness to report. According to results, the factors or criteria that most impact assessments are age asymmetry and use of coercion. Specifically, professionals are significantly more likely to perceive abuse and intend to report it if the other person involved in the interaction is much older than the minor and/or uses a coercive strategy, especially force, drugs or blackmail. Another relevant criterion is the type of sexual act, since acts involving intercourse, digital penetration or oral sex are significantly more likely to be deemed as abuse and reported.


Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância/legislação & jurisprudência , Coerção , Notificação de Abuso , Percepção Social , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Criança , Docentes/normas , Feminino , Serviços de Saúde/normas , Humanos , Jurisprudência , América Latina , Aplicação da Lei , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicologia/normas , Serviço Social/normas , Espanha , Adulto Jovem
3.
Span. j. psychol ; 15(3): 1325-1338, nov. 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-105706

RESUMO

Professionals who are likely to come into contact with children play an essential role in the protection of children, thus we aimed to study the criteria they use to identify and report child sexual abuse cases. Based on the Factorial Survey design, we presented 974 Spanish (90%) and Latin American professionals from six fields (Psychology, Social Services, Education, Health, Law and Security) with hypothetical situations of sexual interaction with minors (systematically varying the type of sexual act, the child’s and the other person’s sex and age, the use of coercion and the type of strategy employed to involve the child), in order to examine their perception of abuse and willingness to report. According to results, the factors or criteria that most impact assessments are age asymmetry and use of coercion. Specifically, professionals are significantly more likely to perceive abuse and intend to report it if the other person involved in the interaction is much older than the minor and/or uses a coercive strategy, especially force, drugs or blackmail. Another relevant criterion is the type of sexual act, since acts involving intercourse, digital penetration or oral sex are significantly more likely to be deemed as abuse and reported (AU)


Los profesionales de disciplinas que favorecen el contacto con niños/as juegan un papel esencial en la protección de la infancia y por ello, estudiamos cuáles son los criterios que aplican para detectar y denunciar casos de abuso sexual. Basándonos en la Encuesta Factorial, preguntamos a 974 profesionales españoles (90%) y latinoamericanos de seis ramas distintas (Psicología, Servicios Sociales, Educación, Salud, Justicia y Seguridad) si consideran abusivas y si denunciarían diversas situaciones hipotéticas de interacción sexual (variando sistemáticamente el tipo de conducta sexual, el sexo y la edad del menor y la otra persona, el uso de coerción y la estrategia usada para implicar al menor). Los resultados indican que la asimetría de edad y el uso de coerción son los criterios que más tienen en cuenta los profesionales; en concreto, la probabilidad de percibir un abuso y denunciar es significativamente mayor si la otra persona en la interacción tiene mucha más edad que el menor y/o usa una estrategia coercitiva, especialmente, las drogas, la fuerza o el chantaje. Otro criterio importante es el tipo de conducta sexual, dado que los actos de coito, penetración digital, y sexo oral tienen una probabilidad significativamente mayor de percibirse como abusivos y ser denunciados (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Abuso Sexual na Infância/tendências , Percepção/fisiologia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Conselhos de Especialidade Profissional/normas , Análise Fatorial , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde da Criança/tendências , Comitê de Profissionais/tendências , Conselhos de Especialidade Profissional
4.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 24(3): 402-409, jul.-sept. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-100685

RESUMO

Algunas conductas sexuales infantiles se asocian a experiencias de abuso sexual, pero ninguna de forma inequívoca. Es posible, por ello, que los profesionales apliquen criterios no fundamentados y muestren sesgos personales al detectar y notificar posibles abusos. Para comprobarlo, aplicamos un método experimental de viñetas basado en la Encuesta Factorial con el que presentamos a 974 profesionales españoles e hispanoamericanos de seis ramas (Psicología, Educación, Salud, Servicios Sociales, Justicia y Fuerzas del Orden) situaciones hipotéticas de conducta sexual prepuberal (variando el sexo, la edad del prepúber y el tipo de conducta) y pedimos valorar: a) si creen que indican abusos, y b) si denunciarían en las instituciones. También medimos factores sociodemográficos, académicoprofesionales y actitudinales. Según los análisis, las sospechas de abuso dependen más de factores personales, y la intención de notificar, de factores situacionales. El principal criterio adoptado es el tipo de conducta realizada, de forma que las muestras de agresividad sexual y conocimiento sexual precoz tienen más probabilidad de sugerir abusos y ser notificadas. La actitud hacia la sexualidad parece generar sesgos, dado que los profesionales más erotofóbicos tienen más probabilidad de tener sospechas. En todo caso, ninguna conducta sexual infantil se interpreta como evidencia de abusos sexuales (AU)


Some sexual behaviors are related to child sexual abuse experiences, but none unequivocally. Therefore, professionals might use non-empirical-based criteria and be biased when detecting and reporting victims. To check this hypothesis, we presented 974 Spanish and Latin American professionals from different fields (Psychology, Education, Health, Social Services, Justice, and Police Force) with hypothetical situations of child sexual behavior (varying the sex, age and behavior) by using an experimental vignette method based on Factorial Survey. Participants were asked to indicate whether such behaviors are a sign of abuse and whether they would report them. We also measured demographic, academic, professional and attitude factors. According to the analysis, professionals’ suspicion of abuse is more affected by personal factors, whereas their reporting intention depends more on situational factors. The main criterion adopted is the type of sexual behavior, with professionals being more likely to suspect and report in response to aggressive sexual behavior and precocious sexual knowledge. Professionals’ attitudes to sexuality seem to generate biases, as those who are erotophobic are more likely to suspect abuse. None of the sexual behaviors was seen as evidence of abuse (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Abuso Sexual na Infância/prevenção & controle , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Abuso Sexual na Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Sexualidade/psicologia , Sexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Reprodutivo/psicologia , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Indicadores Sociais , Viés , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Rev. Kairós ; 15(3): 15-25, set.2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-766883

RESUMO

El presente trabajo hace un breve recorrido por algunas de las cuestiones de mayor relevancia para las personas transexuales durante la vejez. En primer lugar, expone el estado de la cuestión actual sobre la transexualidad durante la vejez y las líneas de trabajo que han abordado de manera específica la vejez de las personas transexuales, exponiendo cuáles son sus necesidades específicas y las dificultades encontradas. Finalmente refleja diversas propuestas de futuro destinadas a mejorar el bienestar de las personas transexuales mayores...


This paper makes a brief tour of some most important issues for transsexual people in old age. Firstly, it exposes the current needs and difficulties on transsexualism aging and focuses upon studies of age on transsexuals. Finally, this review propose several proposals to improve wellbeing of older transsexual people...


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Idoso , Transexualidade
6.
Rev. Kairós ; 15(3): 15-25, set.2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: psi-63414

RESUMO

El presente trabajo hace un breve recorrido por algunas de las cuestiones de mayor relevancia para las personas transexuales durante la vejez. En primer lugar, expone el estado de la cuestión actual sobre la transexualidad durante la vejez y las líneas de trabajo que han abordado de manera específica la vejez de las personas transexuales, exponiendo cuáles son sus necesidades específicas y las dificultades encontradas. Finalmente refleja diversas propuestas de futuro destinadas a mejorar el bienestar de las personas transexuales mayores.(AU)


This paper makes a brief tour of some most important issues for transsexual people in old age. Firstly, it exposes the current needs and difficulties on transsexualism aging and focuses upon studies of age on transsexuals. Finally, this review propose several proposals to improve wellbeing of older transsexual people.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Transexualidade , Idoso
7.
Psicothema ; 24(3): 402-9, 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22748731

RESUMO

Some sexual behaviors are related to child sexual abuse experiences, but none unequivocally. Therefore, professionals might use non-empirical-based criteria and be biased when detecting and reporting victims. To check this hypothesis, we presented 974 Spanish and Latin American professionals from different fields (Psychology, Education, Health, Social Services, Justice, and Police Force) with hypothetical situations of child sexual behavior (varying the sex, age and behavior) by using an experimental vignette method based on Factorial Survey. Participants were asked to indicate whether such behaviors are a sign of abuse and whether they would report them. We also measured demographic, academic, professional and attitude factors. According to the analysis, professionals' suspicion of abuse is more affected by personal factors, whereas their reporting intention depends more on situational factors. The main criterion adopted is the type of sexual behavior, with professionals being more likely to suspect and report in response to aggressive sexual behavior and precocious sexual knowledge. Professionals' attitudes to sexuality seem to generate biases, as those who are erotophobic are more likely to suspect abuse. None of the sexual behaviors was seen as evidence of abuse.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Viés , Abuso Sexual na Infância/diagnóstico , Comportamento Infantil , Prática Profissional , Comportamento Sexual , Adulto , Idoso , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Humanos , Jurisprudência , América Latina , Masculino , Notificação de Abuso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polícia , Psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Serviço Social , Espanha , Ensino , Adulto Jovem
8.
Univ. psychol ; 8(3): 761-769, sept.-dec. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-575891

RESUMO

El objetivo principal es estudiar los efectos psicológicos a largo plazo de experiencias de prisión y tortura política en la concepción de mundo de un grupo de chilenos supervivientes a estas experiencias. El diseño es descriptivo de tipo ex post facto con metodología cualitativa de análisis de contenido, y el uso de los programas informáticos QSR-Nvivo6 y SPSS. Se concluye la presencia de secuelas psicológicas a largo plazo de experiencias de represión política, manifestada en una concepción negativa del mundo, en todos los participantes, atribuida principalmente a causas humanas. Esto se relaciona con la valoración de vivir en un mundo influenciado por el ex régimen militar chileno, e insatisfacción con la sociedad chilena, debido a la percepción de su apoyo al mismo régimen político.


The main objective of this article is to study the long-term psychological effects of imprisonment and torture experiences for political reasons in the world conception of a group of Chilean survivors. The design is a descriptive ex-post facto model, including qualitative methodology on content analysis, and QRS Nvivo6 and SPSS software. Results suggest the presence of longterm psychological effects from political repression experiences, expressed in a negative world conception attributed mainly to human actions in all the participants. This relates to the perception that the former military regime keeps its influences in the world, as well as the Chilean society’s dissatisfaction with the violations of Human Rights occurred in Chile.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Qualitativa , Psicologia/métodos
9.
Psicothema ; 20(4): 712-7, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18940073

RESUMO

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parents' affection, acceptance, emotional communication, the transmission of values and moral intervention, on the one hand, and children's moral emotions and behaviors on the other (empathy, guilt, internalized behavior and reparation). It also aimed to identify the family variables that influence moral internalization in children. The sample comprised 485 children (244 boys and 241 girls) aged between 6 and 8. The results showed that the principal variable to predict internalized behavior in girls was maternal affection, whereas for boys, the principal variables were maternal emotional communication and transmission of values. The family variables that explain moral internalization in extreme groups of children are basically parents' affection, emotional communication, the transmission of values and moral intervention.


Assuntos
Família , Princípios Morais , Comportamento Social , Responsabilidade Social , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ensino
10.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(4): 712-717, 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68829

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre el afecto, la aceptación, la comunicación emocional, la transmisión de valores y la intervención moral de los padres, y las emociones y conductas morales (empatía, culpa, conducta internalizada y reparación) de los hijos; y conocer qué variables familiares explican la internalización moral en niños y niñas. La muestra estuvo formada por los padres y madres de 485 sujetos (244 niños y 241 niñas) de 6 a 8 años. Se encontró que la principal variable predictora de la capacidad de control de la conducta en las niñas fue el afecto materno, mientras que en los niños lo fueron la comunicación emocional y la transmisión de valores maternos. Las variables familiares que explican la internalización moral en los grupos extremos de niños y niñas fueron fundamentalmente el afecto, la comunicación emocional, la transmisión de valores y la intervención moral de padres y madres


This study aimed to analyze the relationship between parents’ affection, acceptance, emotional communication, the transmission of values and moral intervention, on the one hand, and children’s moral emotions and behaviors on the other (empathy, guilt, internalized behavior and reparation). It also aimed to identify the family variables that influence moral internalization in children. The sample comprised 485 children (244 boys and 241 girls) aged between 6 and 8. The results showed that the principal variable to predict internalized behavior in girls was maternal affection, whereas for boys, the principal variables were maternal emotional communication and transmission of values. The family variables that explain moral internalization in extreme groups of children are basically parents’ affection, emotional communication, the transmission of values and moral intervention


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Desenvolvimento Moral , Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Relações Familiares , Princípios Morais , Afeto , Comunicação , Desejabilidade Social , Comportamento Social
11.
Medisan ; 11(3)jul.-sept. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-35494

RESUMO

Se efectuó un estudio cualitativo y de intervención para determinar la influencia ejercida por el programa Prevención de los abusos sexuales en menores, del Dr. C. Félix López Sánchez, en la preparación de un grupo de profesionales de la salud para prevenir los abusos sexuales en niños, niñas y adolescentes y aplicar acciones profilácticas concretas en sus prácticas cotidianas en el Centro Urbano Abel Santamaría Cuadrado de Santiago de Cuba, durante el periodo comprendido desde junio del 2004 hasta diciembre del 2005. La población evaluada estuvo constituida por 519 doctores y doctoras, así como 345 enfermeras y enfermeros, que se encontraban desempeñándose como tales durante el desarrollo de la investigación. Luego de divulgada la convocatoria para el curso sobre Prevención de los abusos sexuales, diseñado a los efectos, se escogió una muestra de 88 profesionales, que fue dividida en 3 grupos: los 2 primeros con una matrícula de 29 miembros y el tercero con 30. Se identificaron la necesidades de aprendizaje a través de una encuesta de entrada (inicial), se aplicó el programa y posteriormente se repitió la encuesta de salida (final), de donde se derivó que la modificación y el incremento favorables de los conocimientos justificó recomendar la generalización y aplicación de lo aprendido por parte de los participantes en la actividad


A qualitative and intervention study was made to determine the influence of the program Prevention of sexual abuses in young children, of Dr.C. Félix López Sánchez, in the training of a group of health professionals to prevent sexual abuses in boys, girls and adolescents and to apply concrete prophylatic actions in their daily practices in the Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Urban Center from Santiago de Cuba, during the period from June, 2004 to December, 2005. The evaluated population was formed by 519 doctors, as well as 345 nurses from both sexes that were acting as such during the development of the investigation. After the notification for the course designed for the investigation, on the Prevention of the sexual abuses, a sample of 88 professionals was chosen, which was divided in 3 groups: the 2 first groups with 29 members and the third group with 30 members. The learning necessities were identified through an entrance survey (initial), the program was applied and later the exit survey (final) was repeated, from where it was derived that the modification and the knowledge favorable increment justified to recommend the generalization and application of what was learned by the participants in the activity


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Abuso Sexual na Infância/prevenção & controle , Delitos Sexuais , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Capacitação Profissional
12.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 18(1): 1-8, feb. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-052601

RESUMO

El presente trabajo pretende evaluar la eficacia del programa «Prevención de abusos sexuales a menores», el primer currículo estructurado de nuestro país en la prevención de este riesgo. Con este propósito se realizó un estudio con 382 menores de edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 años. Los resultados demuestran que el programa tiene un impacto muy positivo, incrementando los conocimientos de los menores sobre este riesgo y mejorando sus habilidades de afrontamiento ante un posible abuso sexual. Asimismo, se pudo constatar la eficacia del mismo, a nivel de prevención secundaria, aumentando la probabilidad de revelación por parte de las víctimas. Finalmente, la exploración de los posibles efectos adversos, asociados a este tipo de programas, reveló que los efectos negativos observados por padres y educadores fueron prácticamente inexistentes


The aim of the present work is to evaluate the efficacy of a program entitled «Prevention of child sexual abuse» the first structured program in Spain designed to prevent such risks. With this purpose, we carried out a study of 382 minors with ages ranging between 8 and 12 years. The result s show that the program has a very positive impact, increasing the awareness of the minors about this type of risk and improving their skills for coping with a possible event of sexual abuse. The efficacy of the program is also apparent, at the level of secondary prevention, in that it increased the likelihood that the children would reveal such events. Finally, exploration of the possible adverse effects of the program showed that the negative effects observed by parents and educators are negligible


Assuntos
Feminino , Criança , Humanos , Prevenção Primária/métodos , Abuso Sexual na Infância/prevenção & controle , Avaliação de Resultado de Ações Preventivas/métodos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Fatores de Risco
13.
Psicothema ; 18(1): 1-8, 2006 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17296002

RESUMO

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the efficacy of a program entitled "Prevention of child sexual abuse" the first structured program in Spain designed to prevent such risks. With this purpose, we carried out a study of 382 minors with ages ranging between 8 and 12 years. The result s show that the program has a very positive impact, increasing the awareness of the minors about this type of risk and improving their skills for coping with a possible event of sexual abuse. The efficacy of the program is also apparent, at the level of secondary prevention, in that it increased the likelihood that the children would reveal such events. Finally, exploration of the possible adverse effects of the program showed that the negative effects observed by parents and educators are negligible.


Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar/organização & administração , Ansiedade , Criança , Docentes , Medo , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Conhecimento , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Instituições Acadêmicas , Espanha , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
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