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Rev. chil. cir ; 60(6): 516-523, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-512417

RESUMO

Introducción: La obesidad está asociada a múltiples comorbilidades, entre ellas la patología respiratoria, que puede verse incrementada después de realizar cirugía bariátrica. Objetivo: Evaluar en forma prospectiva las alteraciones en la función pulmonar pre y postoperatorias, de pacientes obesos mórbidos operados con bypass gástrico por vía laparotómica y laparoscópica. Material y Método: 39 pacientes consecutivos con obesidad mórbida sometidos a bypass gástrico, divididos en 2 grupos: el primero formado por 24 pacientes operados por vía laparotómica y el segundo por 15 pacientes operados por vía laparoscópica, con evaluación pre y postoperatorias de radiografía de tórax, espirometría y gases arteriales. Resultados: En el postoperatorio un incremento significativo de atelectasias, presentándose en el 1er grupo con cirugía abierta en 45,8 por ciento de casos y en el 2° grupo con cirugía laparoscópica en el 33,3 por ciento. Aumento del patrón restrictivo a 41,7 por ciento en el 1er grupo y 33,3 por ciento de casos en el 2° grupo. Una disminución en ambos grupos de la capacidad vital forzada (CVF) y alteraciones en los gases arteriales con descenso mantenido de PaC0(2) en 36,5 mmHg en el 1er grupo y 33,8 mmHg en el 2° grupo. Conclusiones: Con la cirugía del bypass gástrico en obesos mórbidos, por vía laparotómica o laparoscópica se producen cambios en la función pulmonar postoperatoria, presentándose atelectasia, patrones espirométricos restrictivos, capacidad vital forzada disminuida y alteraciones en la Pa0(2) y PaC0(2). Esta última tiene significación estadística.


Background: Hypoventilation and Pickwick syndrome are two respiratory problems observed in obese patients. Weight reduction achieved after bariatric surgery can correct these problems but an exacerbation of respiratory problems can be observed in the immediate postoperative period. Aim: To evaluate pulmonary function in patients subjected to open and laparoscopic gastric bypass, before and after surgery. Material and Methods: Thirty nine subjects with morbid obesity were studied. Twenty four patients aged 26 to 62 years (13 women) were subjected to an open bypass and 15 patients aged 22 to 55 years (12 women) were operated laparoscopically Chest X ray, spiromemetry and arterial gases were assessed in both groups in the preoperative period and during the fifth postoperative day. Results: The presence of atelectasis on Chest X rays in the open surgery group, increased from 8 percent in the preoperative period to 46 percent in the postoperative period. In the laparoscopic surgery group the figures changed from 0 to 33 percent. In the open surgery group a restrictive pattern in spirometry was observed in 13 and 42 percent in the pre and postoperative periods. In the laparoscopic group the figures were 13 and 33 percent. In both groups, a decrease in torced vital capacity (FVC) was observed in the postoperative period. Also a reduction in PaC0(2) after surgery, from 38.6 to 36.5 mm Hg and from 36.4 to 33.8 mmHg was observed in patients subjected to open and laparoscopic surgery, respectively. Conclusions: In the immediate period after gastric bypass, either open or laparoscopic, there is an increase in the frequency of atelectasis on Chest X rays, restrictive pattern and decreased torced vital capacity on spirometry and changes in blood gases.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Derivação Gástrica/efeitos adversos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Atelectasia Pulmonar , Capacidade Vital , Gasometria , Testes Respiratórios , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Obesidade Mórbida/fisiopatologia , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Atelectasia Pulmonar , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Espirometria
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