Corrigendum: A proposal for monitoring the process of internalization following Galperin's conception.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1152541.].

A proposal for monitoring the process of internalization following Galperin's conception.

Since the era of Piaget and Vygotsky, private speech (PS) has been widely discussed, but in recent years, the avenues for its study have greatly expanded. In this study, we explored the use of a recoding scheme for PS inspired by the studies of Pyotr Galperin. A coding scheme of PS as the form of action (FA) has been proposed (i.e., external social speech, external audible speech, inaudible speech, and mental speech). An exploratory study was conducted to elucidate the appropriateness of the coding scheme both ontogenetically and during tasks. The results showed that both the coding scheme by type of speech and FA were adequate for differentiating ontogenetically between children. However, only the coding schemes of the FA were appropriate for differentiating between children as a function of their performance (i.e., time and scores) in a Tower of London task. Moreover, Galperin's scheme was more suitable when there was redundancy in performance between those with audible and inaudible external speech.

EEG Global Coherence in Scholar ADHD Children during Visual Object Processing.

Among neurodevelopmental disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the main cause of school failure in children. Notably, visuospatial dysfunction has also been emphasized as a leading cause of low cognitive performance in children with ADHD. Consequently, the present study aimed to identify ADHD-related changes in electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics, associated with visual object processing in school-aged children. We performed Multichannel EEG recordings in 16-year-old children undergoing Navon's visual object processing paradigm. We mapped global coherence during the processing of local and global visual stimuli that were consistent, inconsistent, or neutral. We found that Children with ADHD showed significant differences in global weighted coherence during the processing of local and global inconsistent visual stimuli and longer response times in comparison to the control group. Delta and theta EEG bands highlighted important features for classification in both groups. Thus, we advocate EEG coherence and low-frequency EEG spectral power as prospective markers of visual processing deficit in ADHD. Our results have implications for the development of diagnostic interventions in ADHD and provide a deeper understanding of the factors leading to low performance in school-aged children.

Burnout, malestar psicológico y satisfacción con la vida en policías durante la contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19. Un estudio exploratorio / Burnout, psychological discomfort and life satisfaction in police officers during the health contingency due to COVID-19: an exploratory study

Objetivo: el síndrome de burnout es una condición surgida a partir de la demanda excesiva de energía, recursos y disponibilidad de los trabajadores, repercute en la integridad de quienes lo padecen. El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio, pionero, fue analizar el grado de síndrome burnout, malestar psicológico y satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de oficiales de policía mexicanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, con alcances exploratorios, descriptivos y correlacionales con 27 policías del estado de Puebla [México], entre los 19 y 43 años de edad. Se utilizaron las escalas Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Resultados: resalta una prevalencia alta de despersonalización en el 81,5% de la muestra; realización personal baja, en un 55,6%; y un agotamiento emocional alto, en el 37%. El 63% indicó malestar psicológico moderado y el 51,9%, una alta satisfacción con la vida. De igual forma, se identificaron asociaciones parciales entre las variables incluidas. Conclusiones: conviene adelantar nuevas investigaciones orientadas a detectar y promover factores protectores mecanismos de defensa y tratamientos correspondientes para disminuir los índices del síndrome de quemarse en el trabajo en el sector policial..(Au)

Objective: burnout syndrome is a condition that arises from the excessive demand for energy, resources and availability of workers, which has repercussions on the integrity of those who suffer from it. Therefore, the objective of this exploratory study, until now pioneering, was to analyze the degree of burnout syndrome, psychological distress and satisfaction with life in a sample of mexican police officers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: a non-experimental, cross-sectional study was carried out, with exploratory, descriptive and correlational scopes; 27 policemen from the state of Puebla [Mexico] participated, with ages between 19 and 43 years. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, the Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. Results: a high prevalence of depersonalization stands out in 81,5% of the sample; low personal fulfillment, 55,6%; and a high emotional exhaustion, in 37%; 63% indicated moderate psychological distress and 51,9%, high satisfaction with life. Similarly, partial associations were identified between the included variables. Conclusions: it is suggested to develop new research aimed at detecting and promoting protective factors, defense mechanisms and corresponding treatments to reduce the rates of burn syndrome at police work..(Au)