Beneficios del seguimiento telemático en la pérdida de peso de pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad en tiempos de confinamiento / Benefits of telematic monitoring for weight loss in overweight and obese patients in times of confinement

Introducción: la pandemia originada en 2019 por el SARS-CoV-2 supuso un cambio en los hábitos de alimentación y ejercicio físico por causa de las medidas de confinamiento domiciliario. El seguimiento de pacientes en tratamiento de pérdida de peso mediante una consulta telemática podría ser una herramienta útil para prevenir el fracaso terapéutico.Objetivo:describir la evolución de los parámetros antropométricos de pacientes en seguimiento para pérdida de peso mediante una consulta telemática.Métodos:estudio prospectivo en 2 tiempos (antes y después del confinamiento) de una intervención telemática sobre pacientes adultos en seguimiento habitual por sobrepeso y obesidad. Se analizaron las variables demográficas y los parámetros de composición corporal mediante bioimpendancia. Además se analizaron las diferencias en cuanto a presencia de tratamiento farmacológico adyuvante del tipo de los análogos de la hormona GLP1 (liraglutida o semaglutida). Las variables se estudiaron mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon, la U de Mann-Whitney y la correlación de Spearman. Se consideró la significación si p ≤ 0,05.Resultados:se incluyeron 97 pacientes. Antes del confinamiento, el 42,3 % presentaban sobrepeso (IMC < 30 kg/m2), el 36,1 % tenían obesidad de grado I (IMC = 30-34,9 kg/m2), el 16,4 % la tenían de grado II (IMC = 35-39,9 kg/m2) y el 5,2 % tenían un IMC > 40 kg/m2. El 30,9 % presentaban prediabetes y el 9,3 % tenían diabetes de tipo 2. Entre ambas visitas presenciales, el 81,4 % de los pacientes perdieron un 4,2 ± 3,4 % del peso, con una disminución media significativa de la masa grasa de 3,16 ± 4,4 kg. El grupo en tratamiento farmacológico con análogos de la hormona GLP-1 presentó una pérdida de masa grasa media significativamente superior sin pérdida de masa muscular esquelética significativa. (AU)

Introduction: the pandemic originated by SARS-Cov-2 in 2019 led to eating habits and physical exercise changes due to home confinement measures. The follow-up of patients in treatment for weight loss through telematic consultation could be a useful tool to prevent treatment failure.Objective:to describe the evolution of anthropometric parameters of patients under follow-up for weight loss through telematic consultation.Methods:a two-stage prospective study (before and after confinement) with a telematic intervention in adult patients under regular follow-up for overweight and obesity. Demographic variables and body composition parameters were analyzed by bioimpendance. In addition, the differences in the presence of drug treatment with GLP-1 hormone (liraglutide or semaglutide) adjuvants were also analyzed. The variables were studied using Wilcoxon's test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Spearman's correlation. Significance was considered for p ≤ 0.05.Results:a total of 97 patients were included, before confinement 42.3 % were overweight (BMI < 30 kg/m2), 36.1 % were obese grade I (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m2), 16.4 % were obese grade II (BMI = 35-39.9 kg/m2), and 5.2 % had BMI > 40 kg/m2. In all, 30.9 % had prediabetes and 9.3 % had type-2 diabetes. Between both consultations, 81.4 % of patients lost 4.2 ± 3.4 % of their weight, with a significant mean decrease in fat mass of 3.16 ± 4.4 kg. The group on pharmacological treatment with GLP-1 hormone analogs presented a significantly higher average fat loss without significant loss of skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions: telematic monitoring seems to be a useful tool to prevent weight gain in patients with restricted mobility. A telematic intervention that contains dietary advice and exercise, as a reinforcement to hypocaloric diet, helps to achieve weight loss with a predominant fat component. (AU)

[Benefits of telematic monitoring for weight loss in overweight and obese patients in times of confinement]. / Beneficios del seguimiento telemático en la pérdida de peso de pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad en tiempos de confinamiento.

Introduction: Introduction: the pandemic originated by SARS-Cov-2 in 2019 led to eating habits and physical exercise changes due to home confinement measures. The follow-up of patients in treatment for weight loss through telematic consultation could be a useful tool to prevent treatment failure. Objective: to describe the evolution of anthropometric parameters of patients under follow-up for weight loss through telematic consultation. Methods: a two-stage prospective study (before and after confinement) with a telematic intervention in adult patients under regular follow-up for overweight and obesity. Demographic variables and body composition parameters were analyzed by bioimpendance. In addition, the differences in the presence of drug treatment with GLP-1 hormone (liraglutide or semaglutide) adjuvants were also analyzed. The variables were studied using Wilcoxon's test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Spearman's correlation. Significance was considered for p ≤ 0.05. Results: a total of 97 patients were included, before confinement 42.3 % were overweight (BMI < 30 kg/m2), 36.1 % were obese grade I (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m2), 16.4 % were obese grade II (BMI = 35-39.9 kg/m2), and 5.2 % had BMI > 40 kg/m2. In all, 30.9 % had prediabetes and 9.3 % had type-2 diabetes. Between both consultations, 81.4 % of patients lost 4.2 ± 3.4 % of their weight, with a significant mean decrease in fat mass of 3.16 ± 4.4 kg. The group on pharmacological treatment with GLP-1 hormone analogs presented a significantly higher average fat loss without significant loss of skeletal muscle mass. Conclusions: telematic monitoring seems to be a useful tool to prevent weight gain in patients with restricted mobility. A telematic intervention that contains dietary advice and exercise, as a reinforcement to hypocaloric diet, helps to achieve weight loss with a predominant fat component. The presence of drug treatment with GLP-1 hormone analogues appears to significantly help maintain skeletal muscle mass during weight loss.

Introducción: Introducción: la pandemia originada en 2019 por el SARS-CoV-2 supuso un cambio en los hábitos de alimentación y ejercicio físico por causa de las medidas de confinamiento domiciliario. El seguimiento de pacientes en tratamiento de pérdida de peso mediante una consulta telemática podría ser una herramienta útil para prevenir el fracaso terapéutico. Objetivo: describir la evolución de los parámetros antropométricos de pacientes en seguimiento para pérdida de peso mediante una consulta telemática. Métodos: estudio prospectivo en 2 tiempos (antes y después del confinamiento) de una intervención telemática sobre pacientes adultos en seguimiento habitual por sobrepeso y obesidad. Se analizaron las variables demográficas y los parámetros de composición corporal mediante bioimpendancia. Además se analizaron las diferencias en cuanto a presencia de tratamiento farmacológico adyuvante del tipo de los análogos de la hormona GLP1 (liraglutida o semaglutida). Las variables se estudiaron mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon, la U de Mann-Whitney y la correlación de Spearman. Se consideró la significación si p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: se incluyeron 97 pacientes. Antes del confinamiento, el 42,3 % presentaban sobrepeso (IMC < 30 kg/m2), el 36,1 % tenían obesidad de grado I (IMC = 30-34,9 kg/m2), el 16,4 % la tenían de grado II (IMC = 35-39,9 kg/m2) y el 5,2 % tenían un IMC > 40 kg/m2. El 30,9 % presentaban prediabetes y el 9,3 % tenían diabetes de tipo 2. Entre ambas visitas presenciales, el 81,4 % de los pacientes perdieron un 4,2 ± 3,4 % del peso, con una disminución media significativa de la masa grasa de 3,16 ± 4,4 kg. El grupo en tratamiento farmacológico con análogos de la hormona GLP-1 presentó una pérdida de masa grasa media significativamente superior sin pérdida de masa muscular esquelética significativa. Conclusiones: el seguimiento telemático parece una herramienta útil para prevenir la ganancia de peso en los pacientes con restricción de la movilidad. Una intervención telemática que contenga consejo dietético y ejercicio como refuerzo de la dieta hipocalórica ayuda a conseguir perder peso, predominando el componente graso. La presencia de un tratamiento farmacológico con análogos de la hormona GLP-1 parece ayudar significativamente al mantenimiento de la masa muscular esquelética durante la pérdida de peso.

Has COVID-19 Changed the Lifestyle and Dietary Habits in the Spanish Population after Confinement?

Since 2020, the world has been immersed in a change in lifestyle (social, lifestyle, nutri-tion and physical activity patterns), due to the appearance of COVID-19 and the strict mobility measures which were implemented to prevent its spread. All these changes had a nutritional impact on people, modifying their dietary guidelines. This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess whether dietary habits, lifestyle, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Spanish adult population (25-65 years old) during confinement was modified during the post-confinement period, using an e-survey through social networks, involving 510 subjects. A decrease in the intake of ultra-processed products, with a correlation between weekly food delivery orders at home and the consumption of salty snacks, sugary drinks, and processed pastries was also recorded. Most of the subjects performed physical exercise on a regular basis, maintaining the body weight in half of the participants. During the post-confinement period a substantial proportion of the population had healthy lifestyle and dietary habits, including the adequate consumption of fruits, vegetables and legumes; adequate time was spent preparing meals and the population did not regularly order food at home, which in the long term, reduced the risk of several diseases.

Nuevas tecnologías en la evaluación de la fragilidad ósea y su aplicación en Endocrinología / New technologies in the evaluation of bone fragility and its application in Endocrinology

La medición de la densidad mineral ósea mediante la absorciometría radiológica de doble energía es la técnica de elección para la valoración ósea y un predictor importante del riesgo de fractura. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las fracturas por fragilidad ocurren en personas sin osteoporosis densitométrica, especialmente en enfermedades endocrinológicas. Las herramientas para la estimación del riesgo de fracturas como FRAX han mejorado la sensibilidad diagnóstica aunque no consideran otras características óseas adicionales. La investigación de la microarquitectura ósea supone una mejoría en el abordaje de estos pacientes. En este documento elaborado por miembros del grupo de trabajo de Metabolismo Mineral y Óseo de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición se revisan los nuevos avances en absorciometría radiológica de doble energía y otras técnicas más complejas para el estudio de la microarquitectura ósea así como los datos disponibles en diabetes tipo 2 y patología paratiroidea

Bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard for the assessment of bone and an important predictor of fracture risk. However, most fragility fractures occur in people without densitometric osteoporosis, especially in endocrinological diseases. Fracture risk estimation tools such as FRAX have improved diagnostic sensitivity but do not include additional skeletal features. Bone microarchitecture research represents an improvement in the treatment of these patients. In this document members of the Mineral and Bone Metabolism Working Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition review new advances in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and other complex techniques for the study of bone microarchitecture as well as the available data on type 2 diabetes and parathyroid pathology

New technologies in the evaluation of bone fragility and its application in Endocrinology. / Nuevas tecnologías en la evaluación de la fragilidad ósea y su aplicación en Endocrinología.

Bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard for the assessment of bone and an important predictor of fracture risk. However, most fragility fractures occur in people without densitometric osteoporosis, especially in endocrinological diseases. Fracture risk estimation tools such as FRAX have improved diagnostic sensitivity but do not include additional skeletal features. Bone microarchitecture research represents an improvement in the treatment of these patients. In this document members of the Mineral and Bone Metabolism Working Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition review new advances in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and other complex techniques for the study of bone microarchitecture as well as the available data on type 2 diabetes and parathyroid pathology.

Is a Gluten-Free Diet Enough to Maintain Correct Micronutrients Status in Young Patients with Celiac Disease?

The current study assesses whether the use of a gluten-free diet (GFD) is sufficient for maintaining correct iron status in children with celiac disease (CD). The study included 101 children. The celiac group (n = 68) included children with CD, with long (> 6 months) (n = 47) or recent (< 6 months) (n = 21) adherence to a GFD. The control group (n = 43) included healthy children. Dietary assessment was performed by a food frequency questionnaire and a 3-day food record. Celiac children had lower iron intake than controls, especially at the beginning of GFD (p < 0.01). The group CD-GFD >6 months showed a higher intake of cobalamin, meat derivatives and fish compared to that of CD-GFD <6 months (all, p < 0.05). The control group showed a higher consumption of folate, iron, magnesium, selenium and meat derivatives than that of children CD-GFD >6 months (all, p < 0.05). Control children also showed a higher consumption of folate and iron compared to that of children CD-GFD <6 months (both, p < 0.05). The diet of celiac children was nutritionally less balanced than that of the control. Participation of dietitians is necessary in the management of CD to guide the GFD as well as assess the inclusion of iron supplementation and other micronutrients that may be deficient.

Impact of Early Nutrition, Physical Activity and Sleep on the Fetal Programming of Disease in the Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.

Early programming is the adaptation process by which nutrition and environmental factors alter development pathways during prenatal growth, inducing changes in postnatal metabolism and diseases. The aim of this narrative review, is evaluating the current knowledge in the scientific literature on the effects of nutrition, environmental factors, physical activity and sleep on development pathways. If in utero adaptations were incorrect, this would cause a mismatch between prenatal programming and adulthood. Adequate caloric intake, protein, mineral, vitamin, and long-chain fatty acids, have been noted for their relevance in the offspring brain functions and behavior. Fetus undernutrition/malnutrition causes a delay in growth and have detrimental effects on the development and subsequent functioning of the organs. Pregnancy is a particularly vulnerable period for the development of food preferences and for modifications in the emotional response. Maternal obesity increases the risk of developing perinatal complications and delivery by cesarean section and has long-term implications in the development of metabolic diseases. Physical exercise during pregnancy contributes to overall improved health post-partum. It is also interesting to highlight the relevance of sleep problems during pregnancy, which influence adequate growth and fetal development. Taking into account these considerations, we conclude that nutrition and metabolic factors during early life play a key role of health promotion and public health nutrition programs worldwide to improve the health of the offspring and the health costs of hospitalization.

Fermented goat milk consumption improves iron status and evokes inflammatory signalling during anemia recovery.

In spite of the crucial role of the inflammatory state under anemic conditions, to date, no studies have directly tested the modulation of cytokines during iron overload. The aim of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology and recovery from iron deficiency, by studying how fermented goat milk consumption affects inflammatory signalling during iron repletion. Eighty male Wistar rats were used for a pre-experimental period of 40 days, by dividing them into two groups (the control group receiving a normal-Fe diet and the Fe-deficient group receiving a low-Fe diet). Later, the rats were fed with a fermented goat or cow milk-based diet, with a normal-Fe content or Fe-overload (450 mg kg-1) for 30 days. After feeding the fermented milk, the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed. The anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-13, IL-10 and IL-4) were higher in both groups of animals (control and anemic) fed fermented goat milk either with normal Fe or Fe-overload with respect to the fermented cow milk. With regard to pro-inflammatory signalling, fermented goat milk consumption decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-12p70 and IP-10). The Fe overload increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines together with IL-1ß and IP-10. Fermented goat milk consumption improves the hematological status and promotes the beneficial metabolic responses related to the inflammatory signaling in nutritional ferropenic anemia recovery, which may be a dietary strategy to lessen the evoked inflammation during iron repletion. Additionally, the parameters of inflammation should therefore be incorporated as routine biomarkers of iron deficiency or overload severity.

Loss of Bone Mineral Density Associated with Age in Male Rats Fed on Sunflower Oil Is Avoided by Virgin Olive Oil Intake or Coenzyme Q Supplementation.

The role of dietary fat unsaturation and the supplementation of coenzyme Q have been evaluated in relation to bone health. Male Wistar rats were maintained for 6 or 24 months on two diets varying in the fat source, namely virgin olive oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, or sunflower oil, rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Both dietary fats were supplemented or not with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated in the femur. Serum levels of osteocalcin, osteopontin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as urinary F2-isoprostanes were measured. Aged animals fed on virgin olive oil showed higher BMD than those fed on sunflower oil. In addition, CoQ10 prevented the age-related decline in BMD in animals fed on sunflower oil. Urinary F2-isoprostanes analysis showed that sunflower oil led to the highest oxidative status in old animals, which was avoided by supplementation with CoQ10. In conclusion, lifelong feeding on virgin olive oil or the supplementation of sunflower oil on CoQ10 prevented, at least in part mediated by a low oxidative stress status, the age-related decrease in BMD found in sunflower oil fed animals.

Risk factors related with lifestyle in patients with musculoskeletal disorders / Factores de riesgo relacionados con los hábitos de vida en pacientes con patología osteomuscular

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) encompass a series of debilitating diseases with high incidence and prevalence, representing a high economic and social cost. Prevention is crucial, so is of great interest to determine modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 91 patients selected by systematic random sampling and were divided into three experimental groups according to the cause and evolution of its MSD (neck pain, knee pain and back pain). A biometric measurement, nutritional assessment, physical and occupational activity, muscle balance and oxidative status was performed. Results: The female is the most affected gender by the presence of musculoskeletal injuries such as neck pain and back pain. Overall, most patients (67.4%) had normal weight, overweight 24.41% and only 8.1% were obese type I. Patients with neck pain are the group doing less physical activity and worse muscular balance present. Oxidative stress was higher in patients with knee pain than in the other groups. Regarding the consumed diet, differences between experimental groups on the mineral content (Zn, Mn, Se and I) and vitamins (folate and ascorbic acid) are observed. Conclusions: Cholecalciferol intake and vitamins A and D is less than those recommended in all subjects, which promotes muscle disease. Folate intake was below recommendations, increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress. Obesity and oxidative stress related to the prevalence of the different types of MSDs studied.

Introducción: las enfermedades osteomusculares (EOM) engloban una serie de patologías discapacitantes con alta incidencia y prevalencia, representando un alto costo económico y social. Es fundamental su prevención, por lo que es de gran interés determinar factores de riesgo modificables, como son los relacionados con los hábitos de vida. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y trasversal en 91 pacientes seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio sistemático y que fueron distribuidos en tres grupos experimentales según la causa y evolución de su EOM (cervicalgia, gonalgia y lumbalgia). Se realizó una medición biométrica, evaluación nutricional, de la actividad física y laboral, del balance muscular y del estado oxidativo. Resultados: el sexo femenino es el más afectado por la presencia de lesiones osteomusculares como cervicalgia y lumbalgia. En conjunto, la mayor parte de los pacientes (67,4%) tiene normopeso, el 24,41% sobrepeso y tan solo un 8,1% obesidad tipo I. Los pacientes con cervicalgia son el grupo que realiza menos actividad física y peor balance muscular presentan. El estrés oxidativo fue superior en pacientes con gonalgia que en los otros grupos. Con respecto a la dieta consumida, se observan diferencias entre grupos experimentales en el contenido mineral (Zn, Mn, Se y I) y vitamínico (folato y ácido ascórbico). Conclusiones: la ingesta de colecalciferol y vitaminas A y D es inferior a las recomendadas en todos los sujetos, lo que favorece la dolencia muscular. La ingesta de folato está por debajo de las recomendaciones, incidiendo en la mayor susceptibilidad al estrés oxidativo. La obesidad y estrés oxidativo se relacionan con la prevalencia de los diferentes tipos de EOM estudiados.

Factores de riesgo relacionados con los hábitos de vida en pacientes con patología osteomuscular / Risk factors related with lifestyle in patients with musculoskeletal disorders

Introducción: las enfermedades osteomusculares (EOM) engloban una serie de patologías discapacitantes con alta incidencia y prevalencia, representando un alto costo económico y social. Es fundamental su prevención, por lo que es de gran interés determinar factores de riesgo modificables, como son los relacionados con los hábitos de vida. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y trasversal en 91 pacientes seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio sistemático y que fueron distribuidos en tres grupos experimentales según la causa y evolución de su EOM (cervicalgia, gonalgia y lumbalgia). Se realizó una medición biométrica, evaluación nutricional, de la actividad física y laboral, del balance muscular y del estado oxidativo. Resultados: el sexo femenino es el más afectado por la presencia de lesiones osteomusculares como cervicalgia y lumbalgia. En conjunto, la mayor parte de los pacientes (67,4%) tiene normopeso, el 24,41% sobrepeso y tan solo un 8,1% obesidad tipo I. Los pacientes con cervicalgia son el grupo que realiza menos actividad física y peor balance muscular presentan. El estrés oxidativo fue superior en pacientes con gonalgia que en los otros grupos. Con respecto a la dieta consumida, se observan diferencias entre grupos experimentales en el contenido mineral (Zn, Mn, Se y I) y vitamínico (folato y ácido ascórbico). Conclusiones: la ingesta de colecalciferol y vitaminas A y D es inferior a las recomendadas en todos los sujetos, lo que favorece la dolencia muscular. La ingesta de folato está por debajo de las recomendaciones, incidiendo en la mayor susceptibilidad al estrés oxidativo. La obesidad y estrés oxidativo se relacionan con la prevalencia de los diferentes tipos de EOM estudiados (AU)

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) encompass a series of debilitating diseases with high incidence and prevalence, representing a high economic and social cost. Prevention is crucial, so is of great interest to determine modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 91 patients selected by systematic random sampling and were divided into three experimental groups according to the cause and evolution of its MSD (neck pain, knee pain and back pain). A biometric measurement, nutritional assessment, physical and occupational activity, muscle balance and oxidative status was performed. Results: The female is the most affected gender by the presence of musculoskeletal injuries such as neck pain and back pain. Overall, most patients (67.4%) had normal weight, overweight 24.41% and only 8.1% were obese type I. Patients with neck pain are the group doing less physical activity and worse muscular balance present. Oxidative stress was higher in patients with knee pain than in the other groups. Regarding the consumed diet, differences between experimental groups on the mineral content (Zn, Mn, Se and I) and vitamins (folate and ascorbic acid) are observed. Conclusions: Cholecalciferol intake and vitamins A and D is less than those recommended in all subjects, which promotes muscle disease. Folate intake was below recommendations, increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress. Obesity and oxidative stress related to the prevalence of the different types of MSDs studied (AU)

Age-Related Loss in Bone Mineral Density of Rats Fed Lifelong on a Fish Oil-Based Diet Is Avoided by Coenzyme Q10 Addition.

During aging, bone mass declines increasing osteoporosis and fracture risks. Oxidative stress has been related to this bone loss, making dietary compounds with antioxidant properties a promising weapon. Male Wistar rats were maintained for 6 or 24 months on diets with fish oil as unique fat source, supplemented or not with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), to evaluate the potential of adding this molecule to the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA)-based diet for bone mineral density (BMD) preservation. BMD was evaluated in the femur. Serum osteocalcin, osteopontin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, ostroprotegerin, parathyroid hormone, urinary F2-isoprostanes, and lymphocytes DNA strand breaks were also measured. BMD was lower in aged rats fed a diet without CoQ10 respect than their younger counterparts, whereas older animals receiving CoQ10 showed the highest BMD. F2-isoprostanes and DNA strand breaks showed that oxidative stress was higher during aging. Supplementation with CoQ10 prevented oxidative damage to lipid and DNA, in young and old animals, respectively. Reduced oxidative stress associated to CoQ10 supplementation of this n-3 PUFA-rich diet might explain the higher BMD found in aged rats in this group of animals.

Omega-3 LCPUFA supplement: a nutritional strategy to prevent maternal and neonatal oxidative stress.

There is controversy about fish-oil supplementation and oxidative damage. This ambiguity should be explored to elucidate its role as modulator of oxidative stress, especially during gestation and postnatal life. This is the objective of this study. One hundred ten pregnant women were divided in two groups: control group CT (400 mL/day of the control dairy drink); supplemented group FO (400 mL/day of the fish oil-enriched dairy drink (±400-mg EPA-DHA/day)). Different biomarkers of oxidative damage were determined in the mother's at enrolment, at delivery and at 2.5 and 4 months postpartum and newborns at delivery and at 2.5 months postpartum. Omega-3 LC-PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation decreased plasma hydroperoxides especially in newborn at delivery (P = 0.001) and 2.5 months (P = 0.006), increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in mothers at delivery (P = 0.024 (SOD)) and after 2.5 months (P = 0.040 (CAT)) and in newborns at 2.5 months (P = 0.035 (SOD); P = 0.021 (CAT)). Also, supplementation increased α-tocoferol in mothers at 2.5 months (P = 0.030) and in umbilical cord artery (P = 0.039). Higher levels of CoQ10 were found in mothers at delivery (P = 0.039) as well as in umbilical cord vein (P = 0.024) and artery (P = 0.036). Our supplementation prevents the oxidative stress in the mother and neonate during the first months of postnatal life, being a potential preventive nutritional strategy to prevent functional alterations associated with oxidative stress that have an important repercussion for the neonate development in the early postnatal life.

Beneficio del seguimiento de un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca sobre algunos parámetros de la composición corporal / Benefits of a cardiac rehabilitation program on some parameters of corporal composition

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) se encuentran entre las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. La rehabilitación cardíaca es un programa de prevención secundaria cuyo objetivo es complementar los efectos del tratamiento cardiológico a través de la participación del paciente en el control de sus hábitos de vida, como medio de promoción de su salud cardiovascular. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar los efectos a largo plazo del programa de rehabilitación cardiaca (PRC) sobre algunos parámetros de la composición corporal de pacientes que han asistido o no, a la fase III del PRC. El estudio se realizó en sujetos que sufrieron un evento cardiovascular y que pertenecían a la Asociación de Pacientes Cardiacos de Granada y Provincia. A todos los miembros se les ofreció la posibilidad de formar parte del estudio. Se realizó un estudio de algunos parámetros de composición corporal y se realizó una valoración nutricional de todos los sujetos. La masa grasa y la grasa visceral, que desempeñan un papel importante en la patología cardiovascular, son estadísticamente menores tanto en hombres como mujeres que asisten al PRC, revelando que son mejores predictores del riesgo cardiovascular. Gracias al consejo nutricional recibido se observa un incremento de nutrientes cardiosaludables y los sujetos que asisten al programa de rehabilitación presentan mayor ángulo de fase, indicando que tienen unmejor estado de hidratación, junto con una mejor integridadde la membrana celular y distribución del agua entre los compartimentos intra y extracelulares (AU)

The cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the principal reasons of morbidity and mortality in the world. The cardiac rehabilitation is a program of secondary prevention to complement the effects of the cardiological treatment with the participation of the patient in the control of their habits of life, as a way of promotion of its own cardiovascular health. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program on some parameters of corporal composition in patients that have attended or not, to the phase the III of the program. The study was performed in subjects that suffered a cardiovascular event and they were members of the Association of Cardiac Patients of Granada and Province. All the members were offered the possibility of forming a part of the study. Some parameters of body composition were measured and a nutritional evaluation was performed in all the subjects. The visceral and body fat and, which play a key role in the cardiovascular pathology, are lower in the patients attending to the cardiac rehabilitation program, revealing that are better predictors of the cardiovascular risk. Thanks to the nutritional advice received, an increase in healthy nutrients is observed and the subjects attending to the program feature major phase angle, indicating that they have a better state of hydration, together with a better integrity of the cell membranes and distribution of water between the compartments intra- and extracellular compartments (AU)

[Benefits of a cardiac rehabilitation program on some parameters of corporal composition]. / Beneficio del seguimiento de un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca sobre algunos parámetros de la composición corporal.

The cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the principal reasons of morbidity and mortality in the world. The cardiac rehabilitation is a program of secondary prevention to complement the effects of the cardiological treatment with the participation of the patient in the control of their habits of life, as a way of promotion of its own cardiovascular health. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the long-term effects of a cardiac rehabilitation program on some parameters of corporal composition in patients that have attended or not, to the phase the III of the program. The study was performed in subjects that suffered a cardiovascular event and they were members of the Association of Cardiac Patients of Granada and Province. All the members were offered the possibility of forming a part of the study. Some parameters of body composition were measured and a nutritional evaluation was performed in all the subjects. The visceral and body fat and, which play a key role in the cardiovascular pathology, are lower in the patients attending to the cardiac rehabilitation program, revealing that are better predictors of the cardiovascular risk. Thanks to the nutritional advice received, an increase in healthy nutrients is observed and the subjects attending to the program feature major phase angle, indicating that they have a better state of hydration, together with a better integrity of the cell membranes and distribution of water between the compartments intra- and extracellular compartments.

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) se encuentran entre las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo. La rehabilitación cardíaca es un programa de prevención secundaria cuyo objetivo es complementar los efectos del tratamiento cardiológico a través de la participación del paciente en el control de sus hábitos de vida, como medio de promoción de su salud cardiovascular. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar los efectos a largo plazo del programa de rehabilitación cardiaca (PRC) sobre algunos parámetros de la composición corporal de pacientes que han asistido o no, a la fase III del PRC. El estudio se realizó en sujetos que sufrieron un evento cardiovascular y que pertenecían a la Asociación de Pacientes Cardiacos de Granada y Provincia. A todos los miembros se les ofreció la posibilidad de formar parte del estudio. Se realizó un estudio de algunos parámetros de composición corporal y se realizó una valoración nutricional de todos los sujetos. La masa grasa y la grasa visceral, que desempeñan un papel importante en la patología cardiovascular, son estadísticamente menores tanto en hombres como mujeres que asisten al PRC, revelando que son mejores predictores del riesgo cardiovascular. Gracias al consejo nutricional recibido se observa un incremento de nutrientes cardiosaludables y los sujetos que asisten al programa de rehabilitación presentan mayor ángulo de fase, indicando que tienen un mejor estado de hidratación, junto con una mejor integridad de la membrana celular y distribución del agua entre los compartimentos intra y extracelulares.

A new insight to bone turnover: role of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Background. Evidence has shown that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially the ω -3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are beneficial for bone health and turnover. Objectives. This review summarizes findings from both in vivo and in vitro studies and the effects of LC PUFA on bone metabolism, as well as the relationship with the oxidative stress, the inflammatory process, and obesity. Results. Some studies in humans indicate that LCPUFA can increase bone formation, affect peak bone mass in adolescents, and reduce bone loss. However, the cellular mechanisms of action of the LCPUFA are complex and involve modulation of fatty acid metabolites such as prostaglandins, resolvins and protectins, several signaling pathways, cytokines, and growth factors, although in certain aspects there is still some controversy. LCPUFA affect receptor activator of nuclear factor κ ß (RANK), a receptor found on the osteoclast, causing bone resorption, which controls osteoclast formation. Conclusions. Since fatty acids are an endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, free radicals alter the process of bone turnover; however, although there are clinical evidences linking bone metabolism and dietary lipids, more clinical trials are necessary to prove whether ω -3 PUFA supplementation plays a major role in bone health.

Severe nutritional iron-deficiency anaemia has a negative effect on some bone turnover biomarkers in rats.

BACKGROUND: The role of iron (Fe) in bone formation and disease have not received much attention, a fact that is interesting given the known biochemical role that this mineral has upon collagen maturation together with the high prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia worldwide. AIM: To investigate the changes in bone formation, resorption and mineral content in developing rats with induced nutritional Fe-deficiency anaemia. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, a control group receiving AIN-93G diet with normal-Fe content and an anaemic group receiving AIN-93G diet with low-Fe content for 40 days. Both diets were prepared with an adequate calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content. The most representative serum bone turnover biomarkers and femur and sternum calcium and phosphorus content, together with sternum Fe content were determined in both experimental groups. RESULTS: In anaemic rats, bone matrix formation diminished as revealed by the lower amount of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide. Bone resorption process increased in Fe deficiency as shown by the increase of serum parathyroid hormone, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and levels of degradation products from C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen released to the serum. In addition, mineralization process was affected by Fe deficiency, because Ca and P content in femur decreased markedly. CONCLUSIONS: Fe-deficiency anaemia had a significant impact upon bone, affecting bone mineralization, decreasing the matrix formation and increasing bone resorption, therefore it is of great interest to assess bone status in situation of Fe-deficiency anaemia.

Age-related changes in brain mitochondrial DNA deletion and oxidative stress are differentially modulated by dietary fat type and coenzyme Q10.

Mitochondria-related oxidative damage is a primary event in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Some dietary treatments, such as antioxidant supplementation or the enrichment of mitochondrial membranes with less oxidizable fatty acids, reduce lipid peroxidation and lengthen life span in rodents. This study compares life-long feeding on monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), such as virgin olive oil, and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as sunflower oil, with or without coenzyme Q10 supplementation, with respect to age-related molecular changes in rat brain mitochondria. The MUFA diet led to diminished age-related phenotypic changes, with lipoxidation-derived protein markers being higher among the older animals, whereas protein carbonyl compounds were lower. It is noteworthy that the MUFA diet prevented the age-related increase in levels of mitochondrial DNA deletions in the brain mitochondria from aged animals. The findings of this study suggest that age-related oxidative stress is related, at the mitochondrial level, to other age-related features such as mitochondrial electron transport and mtDNA alterations, and it can be modulated by selecting an appropriate dietary fat type and/or by suitable supplementation with low levels of the antioxidant/electron carrier molecule coenzyme Q.

Coenzyme Q addition to an n-6 PUFA-rich diet resembles benefits on age-related mitochondrial DNA deletion and oxidative stress of a MUFA-rich diet in rat heart.

Age-related changes in cardiomyocytes reduce the capacity to recover from acute injury or to adapt during chronic disease in advanced age. N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA) lead to higher lipid peroxidation during aging than the less oxidizable monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA); and coenzyme Q (CoQ)-supplemented n-6PUFA lengthens the lifespan and reduces peroxidation in comparison to non-supplemented n-6PUFA. Here, lifelong feeding on MUFA, n-6PUFA, and n-6 PUFA+CoQ was compared regarding age-related alterations in rat heart. Less mitochondrial area and perimeter were reported for aged n-6 PUFA-fed animals while MUFA led to a higher density of mitochondrial cristae. Mitochondrial complexes and cytochrome c oxidase activity decreased with aging (except complex I and cytochrome c oxidase in n-6 PUFA+CoQ), while increased apoptosis-inducing factor was found with aging. MUFA led to lower mitochondrial DNA-deletion frequency. The lowest hydroperoxide levels for aged animals were found for n-6 PUFA+CoQ, which also showed lower concentrations than did n-6 PUFA. For protein oxidation, specific carbonyl compounds were lower in aged animals; meanwhile lipoxidation-derived protein-oxidation markers were higher. The results suggest that MUFA can protect mitochondria from age-related changes, and that CoQ supplementation to n-6 PUFA partially resembles MUFA benefits. Moreover, under our experimental conditions, lipid-derived oxidative damage appears to be more important than the pure protein-derived oxidative damage during aging.

Evaluating the effectiveness of a weight-loss program for perimenopausal women.

In this study, we set out to perform a comparative evaluation of variations in body weight and volume between two groups of women, one young adult and the other perimenopausal, each of which followed a specific weight loss program for the same period of time. The evaluation was based on the weight and volume data obtained from a clinical and anthropometric study. From the anthropometric values obtained, we conclude that in both groups of women, the diet followed was found to be effective in reducing weight and volume, but with respect to time, the weight loss was more noticeable among the younger women, while among the menopausal women it took place more slowly. The difference between the two groups might be explained by diverse hormonal effects, such that metabolism (and therefore caloric expenditure) is higher among the younger women.