Substance use disorder and lifetime suicidal behaviour: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behaviours are prevalent in substance use disorder (SUD) patients. These behaviours have a negative impact on the psychopathological profile of these patients. However, few studies have evaluated suicide as a continuum (i.e. starting with ideation, followed by attempts and ending with death) and its evolution during treatment. The aim of this scoping review was to explore what is known about suicidal behaviour in individuals undergoing clinical treatment for SUD. METHODS: The PsycINFO, Web of Science (Core Collection and MEDLINE), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. After screening the records based on eligibility and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were ultimately selected for inclusion. RESULTS: Most of the studies were conducted in the USA and Europe. Only three studies evaluated suicidal behaviour with a specific instrument. The prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) in people being treated for SUD ranged from 20 % to 62.2 %, and the prevalence of suicide attempts (SA) ranged from 15.8 % to 52.1 %. Only one study reported death by suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high prevalence of suicidal behaviours and their harmful consequences, the assessment of this phenomenon is scarce and heterogeneous. There is a need to assess suicidal behaviour with standardized criteria in order to develop tailored SUD treatment.

Gender Differences in Patients with Substance Use Disorder and Physical/Sexual Abuse: A Preliminary Study / Las diferencias de género en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de sustancias y abuso físico/sexual: un estudio preliminar

Aim: To explore the differential characteristics in sociodemographic variables, severity of consumption, psychopathological symptomatology, life maladjustment, trauma characteristics, and post-traumatic stress symptomatology between women and men who seek treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) and have experienced lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. Method: The sample consisted of 26 women and 31 men who had experienced physical/sexual abuse and sought treatment for SUD. Results: Women had been victims of sexual abuse in a significantly higher percentage than men. Women presented a significantly higher frequency of revictimization to another traumatic event and a significantly higher presence of avoidance symptoms than men. Conclusions: This study supports the existence of a more severe profile in women than in men with SUD who have experienced lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. Consequently, gender-related trauma-informed practice in SUD treatment programmes should be promoted. More research in this field is needed, as this is a preliminary study. (AU)

Objetivo: Explorar las diferencias de género en distintas variables (sociodemográficas, gravedad del consumo, sintomatología psicopatológica, inadaptación a la vida cotidiana, características del trauma y sintomatología de estrés postraumático) en pacientes que acuden a tratamiento por trastorno por consumo de sustancias (TCS) y han sufrido abuso físico y/o sexual. Método: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 26 mujeres y 31 hombres que habían sufrido abuso físico y/o sexual y buscaban tratamiento para TCS. Resultados: Las mujeres habían sido víctimas de abuso sexual en un porcentaje significativamente mayor que los hombres. Además presentaban una frecuencia significativamente mayor de revictimización a otro evento traumático y una presencia significativamente mayor de síntomas de evitación que los hombres. Conclusiones: El estudio confirma la existencia de un perfil más grave en las mujeres que en los hombres con TCS que han sufrido abuso físico y/o sexual a lo largo de la vida. En consecuencia, se debe promover la atención informada sobre el trauma con perspectiva de género en los programas de tratamiento del TCS. Dada la naturaleza preliminar de este estudio, se necesita más investigación en este campo. (AU)

The relationship between perceived health and psychosocial risk in women in the service sector (cleaning).

BACKGROUND: Cleaning is considered a female-dominant occupation. Women cleaning workers present a high risk of suffering impaired health probably as a result of performing low-skilled tasks. However, to date, no studies have been found that examine the health status of female cleaning workers in Spain. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to 1) determine the level of perceived health in a sample of female cleaning workers, 2) evaluate the main psychosocial risks they face, 3) explore the relationship between perceived health and psychosocial risk factors, and 4) compare the perceived health of those women who present some psychosocial risk factor and those who do not. METHODS: This is a multi-centered cross-sectional study carried out in the service sector of a Spanish company. The final sample was composed of 455 female cleaning workers. Sociodemographic variables, perceived health status and psychosocial risk factors were assessed. RESULTS: Women presented a high perception of health status. The main psychosocial risk was lack of acknowledgement by their superiors, which affected 25.2% (n = 111) of the sample. Moderate negative correlations (r=-.222 to -.442; p < .01) were identified between perceived health and evident psychosocial risks. Those women who presented some psychosocial risk (n = 174; 38.3%) had a worse state of perceived health in all variables studied. CONCLUSION: Presence of psychosocial risk had a relationship with a worse health perception. This article highlights the need to orient preventive actions in the psychosocial field. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new situation to renew the health promotion between cleaning workers.

Profiles of women who have suffered occupational accidents in cleaning: perceived health, psychosocial risks, and personality variables.

PURPOSE: The main goal was to identify the variables (sociodemographic, work, psychosocial, perceived health, and personality) associated with occupational accidents suffered in the past by women in the cleaning sector. METHODS: A sample of 455 women was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 23.5% of the workers (n = 107) had suffered an occupational accident with medical leave. In general, women who had suffered some accident in their life had a worse situation in all areas evaluated. Two subsamples of women had a greater association with accidents. Specifically, the presence of work accidents was 15.9 times higher among those who presented a worse perception of their physical effort and a greater tendency towards risky behaviours and 13.5 times higher among those who had a moderate perception of physical exertion and a disability. CONCLUSION: In general, the characteristics of female workers were found to be associated with different accident rates. Preventive actions should be designed individually.

Psychiatric Hospitalization for Attempted Suicide and Reattempt at the One-Year Follow-Up.

BACKGROUND: People hospitalized for suicide attempt (SA) have a high risk of repeating and committing suicide during the first months after discharge. The aim of this study is to compare the usual treatment (TAU) with a TAU supplemented with a telephone follow-up programme (TAU + T). METHOD: Multicentre, open-trial, ex post facto pre-post prospective study that compared two samples of 90 (TAU) and 101 (TAU + T) people admitted in 2018-2019 for attempted suicide in two psychiatry units after one-year follow-up. Repeated SAs were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 31.4% (n =60) of the sample attempted suicide at least once during follow-up, with no differences between the units. A total of 32.5% (n =62) were readmitted during the following year, 15.6% of those readmissions were due to new suicide attempts. In TAU, the highest proportion of reattempts was among those diagnosed with personality disorders (77.8%) vs. other diagnoses (28.4%). In TAU + T, the highest proportion was found among those with previous SAs (50%) vs. those admitted for the first SA (4.4%). CONCLUSIONS: People admitted to psychiatric units for a first SA seem to benefit from TAU + T as it was associated with a lower recurrence of SA after discharge.

What Differentiates Batterer Men with and without Histories of Childhood Family Violence?

The goals of this study were to explore the prevalence of childhood family violence (CFV) (both suffered and witnessed) among male batterers in treatment, and to analyze the specific psychological profile of those perpetrators with CFV. A sample of 1,421 men recruited from a specialized batterer treatment program was assessed. A description of the sociodemographic, violence, and psychopathological characteristics of the sample was carried out. Moreover, a comparison of all the variables studied between batterer men with and those without CFV was conducted. The results showed that 35.2% (n = 500) of the sample reported having been victims of CFV (67.2% of them directly suffered abuse, and 32.8% witnessed violence between their parents, mainly from father to mother). Batterers with CFV presented with more irrational beliefs both about women and about violence as a strategy to cope with everyday difficulties. Moreover, they had significantly higher scores than batterers without CFV on all psychopathological symptoms as assessed by the SCL-90-R, as well as on most of the STAXI-2 subscales. In the logistic regression analysis, the main variables related to having a history of CFV were low education level, voluntary access to the program, having a previous psychiatric history, being an immigrant, having children, and presenting a greater number of psychopathological symptoms. According to these results, batterers with CFV showed a higher severity in most of the variables studied than those without CFV. Consequently, these findings highlight the importance of tailoring batterer treatment programs to their specific characteristics, particularly those regarding childhood victimization.

Prevalence and Differential Profile of Patients with Substance Use Disorder Who Have Suffered Physical and/or Sexual Abuse.

Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) who undergo treatment present a high prevalence of lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. Studies about this phenomenon and the specific needs of patients with a history of abuse must be carried out to tailor treatment programs. The first goal of this article was to determine the prevalence of physical and/or sexual abuse among patients with SUD, and the second goal was to analyze the specific characteristics of these patients. A sample of 418 subjects was assessed to achieve the first goal and 104 subjects (52 with and 52 without a history of physical and/or sexual abuse) were examined to reach the second goal. All patients sought treatment for SUD in two Spanish clinical centers. The results showed that 15.5% of the sample had a history of physical and/or sexual abuse (42.3% of women and 9.9% of men). Patients with a history of abuse presented a higher need for SUD treatment in family and psychiatric areas and more psychopathological symptoms than patients without a history of abuse. According to this more serious profile, a patient-centered intervention considering the history of abuse is recommended. This will allow the specific needs of these patients to be met, thus improving SUD treatment success.

Lifetime suicidal-related behaviour among patients in treatment for substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Suicidal-related behaviours are an important concern in individuals who present with substance use disorders (SUDs). The distinction among the specific characteristics of the different patients might help to improve prevention strategies. We describe and compare the sociodemographic characteristics, severity of addiction, and psychopathology of the participants depending on the severity of their lifetime suicidal behaviour. In addition, we examine whether the number of suicide attempts can be estimated based on the variables that differentiate the groups. A sample of 318 men and 86 women who sought treatment for addiction were assessed. The sample was divided into: no ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation, one suicide attempt, and two or more suicide attempts. The group with two or more suicide attempts exhibited a greater severity in the addiction profile. The group with one suicide attempt presented a higher psychopathological symptomatology at the time of the assessment. The severity of the Psychiatric area was related to the group with two or more attempts and to the number of suicide attempts. The presence of any number of attempts is associated with greater severity of addiction. Providing specific intervention strategies for SUD patients depending on their suicidal behaviours is promising for clinical application.

Psychiatric Hospitalization for Attempted Suicide and Reattempt at the One-Year Follow-Up / Hospitalización Psiquiátrica por Intento de Suicidio y Reintento al Año de Seguimiento

Background: People hospitalized for suicide attempt (SA) have a high risk of repeating and committing suicide during the first months after discharge. The aim of this study is to compare the usual treatment (TAU) with a TAU supplemented with a telephone follow-up programme (TAU + T). Method: multicentre, open-trial, ex post facto pre-post prospective study that compared two samples of 90 (TAU) and 101 (TAU + T) people admitted in 2018-2019 for attempted suicide in two psychiatry units after one-year follow-up. Repeated SAs were analysed. Results: A total of 31.4% (n=60) of the sample attempted suicide at least once during follow-up, with no differences between the units. A total of 32.5% (n=62) were readmitted during the following year, 15.6% of those readmissions were due to new suicide attempts. In TAU, the highest proportion of reattempts was among those diagnosed with personality disorders (77.8%) vs. other diagnoses (28.4%). In TAU + T, the highest proportion was found among those with previous SAs (50%) vs. those admitted for the first SA (4.4%). Conclusions: people admitted to psychiatric units for a first SA seem to benefit from TAU + T as it was associated with a lower recurrence of SA after discharge.(AU)

Antecedentes: las personas hospitalizadas por un intento de suicidio (IS) tienen un riesgo alto de repetir/consumar el suicidio en los meses siguientes al alta. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar un tratamiento habitual (TAU) con un TAU complementado con un programa de seguimiento telefónico (TAU + T). Método: estudio multicéntrico, abierto, ex post-facto pre-post prospectivo de dos grupos que comparó dos muestras de 90 (TAU) y 101 (TAU+T) personas ingresadas en 2018-2019 por IS tras un año de seguimiento. Se analizó las repeticiones de los IS. Resultados: el 31,4% (n=60) realizó al menos un intento de suicidio en el seguimiento, sin diferencias entre los dos centros. El 32,5% (n=62) reingresó en el año siguiente, de ellos el 15,6% debido a nuevos intentos. En TAU, la mayor proporción de reintentos se dio entre quienes estaban diagnosticados de trastornos de personalidad (77,8%) vs. resto de diagnósticos (28.4%). En TAU + T la mayor proporción se dio entre quienes presentaban IS anteriores (50%) vs. ingresados por primer IS (4.4%). Conclusiones: las personas ingresadas en unidad de hospitalización por un primer IS, parecieron beneficiarse del TAU + T ya que se asoció a una menor recurrencia de los IS posterior al alta.(AU)

Impact of a trauma intervention on reducing dropout from substance use disorder treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness (in terms of retention) of an intervention aimed at treating the consequences of lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse among patients who are also seeking substance use disorder treatment (SUD-T) in a clinical center. METHOD: A parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial using an experimental design (with 1 treatment group and 1 control group) with repeated measures (pretreatment, posttreatment and six-month follow-up) was carried out. The sample consisted of 57 patients in SUD-T who had experienced lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. All patients received a cognitive-behavioral SUD-T. In addition, the treatment group (n = 29) received physical and/or sexual abuse treatment (PSA-T). RESULTS: The treatment group presented a lower SUD-T dropout rate (37.9%; n = 11) than the control group (50.0%; n = 14), but this difference was not statistically significant (χ² = .8; p = .359; φ = .122). The main variable related to SUD-T success (therapeutic discharge after completing the 40 outpatient sessions or 12 inpatients months and maintained abstinence) was the completion of PSA-T. CONCLUSIONS: The completion of this trauma-centred treatment improved the retention rate of SUD-T in patients with histories of physical and/or sexual abuse. This is a promising result because of the high SUD-T dropout rate shown by patients with victimization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Completers and Dropouts in a Prevention Programme for Parents of Adolescents with High-Risk Behaviours.

BACKGROUND: The main goals of this study were to determine the rate of retention/dropout in a prevention programme for parents of adolescents with risk behaviours, to compare completers and dropouts in several characteristics, and to establish the main variables related to treatment completion and dropout. METHOD: The sample was composed of 367 parents (165 men and 202 women). Information was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, adolescents' attendance at the programme, psychopathological symptoms, emotional states, educational styles, and maladjustment to everyday life. RESULTS: The retention rate was 79.29% (n = 291), with no sex differences between completers and dropouts. Completers were older, maintained the composition of the nuclear family of origin and had their children simultaneously receiving treatment in the prevention programme for adolescents at the same centre. Four groups were found in the cluster analysis. The highest dropout rates were observed among parents whose children did not participate in the programme (29.5% n = 18) and among families that had undergone changes in the composition of the nuclear family of origin (28.9% n = 26). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of family composition and the involvement of both parents and adolescents in the effectiveness of the indicated prevention programmes.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: The long-term negative effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their impact on physical and mental health has been widely studied. However, research about the relationship between ACEs and substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis in adolescence and adulthood is still scarce. Therefore, this scoping review was conducted to collect the existing research findings to explore the relationship between the experience of ACEs and the diagnosis of SUD later in life. METHODS: The PsycINFO, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. After identifying the records based on eligibility and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were finally selected for inclusion. RESULTS: Most of the studies were conducted in the USA with adult male and female participants. All studies were cross-sectional in nature and assessed ACEs retrospectively. The main conclusions of the studies were that there is a higher prevalence of ACEs in the population with SUD than in the general population, and a positive association between ACEs and the development and severity of SUD in adolescence and adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to make comparisons between studies and to draw solid conclusions because of the lack of standardized criteria for evaluating ACEs and due to the heterogeneity in the substance types examined. More research is needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanism of the relationship between ACEs and SUD.

Gender-Based Psychosocial Differences in a Sample of Young Offenders.

This study analyzes the differential psychosocial characteristics of male and female young offenders with a judicial measure from a juvenile court in Spain. Data on origin, recidivism, criminal and psychosocial characteristics of a sample of 838 juvenile offenders were collected using the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI). Most of the minors were males (n = 650; 77.6%). Regarding the type of offences committed most males committed some type of crime, while females mainly committed misdemeanours. The rates of infractions committed by large groups and belonging to a gang were higher in males than in females. Concerning psychosocial variables, females presented with higher scores than males in three areas (parenting/educational guidelines, leisure and recreation, attitudes and orientation), in the total score and in several specific variables of the YLS/CMI. Moreover, having a poor relationship with one's mother and limited participation in organized activities were related to being a female minor offender, whereas having a short attention span was related to being a male offender. These three variables correctly classified 77.6% of cases. Female minor offenders present with a more severe psychosocial profile than males. Therefore, gender-based variables should be considered and addressed in prevention and intervention programmes for minors.

Completers and Dropouts in a Prevention Programme for Parents of Adolescents with High-Risk Behaviours / Altas y Abandonos en un Programa de Prevención para Padres de Adolescentes con Conductas de Riesgo

Background: The main goals of this study were to determine the rate of retention/dropout in a prevention programme for parents of adolescents with risk behaviours, to compare completers and dropouts in several characteristics, and to establish the main variables related to treatment completion and dropout. Method: The sample was composed of 367 parents (165 men and 202 women). Information was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, adolescents’ attendance at the programme, psychopathological symptoms, emotional states, educational styles, and maladjustment to everyday life. Results: The retention rate was 79.29% (n = 291), with no sex differences between completers and dropouts. Completers were older, maintained the composition of the nuclear family of origin and had their children simultaneously receiving treatment in the prevention programme for adolescents at the same centre. Four groups were found in the cluster analysis. The highest dropout rates were observed among parents whose children did not participate in theprogramme (29.5%; n = 18) and among families that had undergone changes in the composition of the nuclear family of origin (28.9%; n = 26). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of family composition and the involvement of both parents and adolescents in the effectiveness of the indicated prevention programmes. (AU)

Antecedentes: los principales objetivos fueron determinar la tasa de retención/abandono en un programa de prevención indicada para padres de adolescentes con conductas de riesgo, comparar a los que fi nalizaron y abandonaron en diferentes características y establecer las principales variables relacionadas con la fi nalización/abandono de la intervención. Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 367 padres (165 hombres y 202 mujeres). Se recogió información sociodemográfi ca, síntomas psicopatológicos, estados emocionales, estilos educativos y desajustes en la vida cotidiana. Resultados: la tasa de retención fue del 79,29% (n = 291), sin diferencias de sexo entre los que completaron y abandonaron. Los que completaron la intervención eran mayores, mantenían el núcleo familiar de origen y sus hijos recibían simultáneamente tratamiento en el programa de prevención para adolescentes del mismo centro. Se obtuvieron cuatro grupos en el análisis de conglomerados. Las mayores tasas de abandono se observaron entre los padres cuyos hijos no participaron del programa (29,5%; n = 18) y entre las familias que habían experimentado cambios en la composición del núcleo familiar de origen (28,9%; n = 26). Conclusiones: se destaca la relevancia de la composición familiar y el involucramiento de padres y dolescentes en la efectividad de los programas de prevención indicada.

Psychosocial and personality characteristics of juvenile offenders in a detention centre regarding recidivism risk / Características psicosociales y de personalidad de menores infractores en un centro de internamiento en función del riesgo de reincidencia

This study analyses the psychosocial characteristics based on recidivism risk of juvenile offenders in conditions of internment. A sample of 102 juvenile offenders (92 male, 10 female) who were serving sentences in the only detention centre in Navarra (Spain) was used. Data on sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics as well as features related to recidivism risk were collected through the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and data on personality characteristics were obtained through the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). The results showed that risk of reoffending was high for 21.6% of the sample, moderate for 31.4%, and low for 47.1%. Statistically significant differences were found between groups for various psychosocial and personality characteristics. In addition, the main variables related to the different risk levels of criminal recidivism were the presence/absence of history of violent behaviour, school performance, problem-solving skills, and submission as a personality trait. These four variables correctly classified 80.4% of the sample. According to the results, these variables must be considered in the development of effective intervention programmes in detention centres with juvenile offenders in order to decrease criminal reoffending rates

En este estudio se analizan las características psicosociales de una muestra de menores infractores en un centro de internamiento en función del riesgo de reincidencia. Se evaluó una muestra de 102 menores infractores (92 varones y 10 mujeres) que cumplían una medida judicial en el único centro de internamiento de Navarra (España). Se recogió información sobre las características sociodemográficas, psicosociales y el riesgo de reincidencia a través del Inventario para la Gestión y la Intervención con Jóvenes (IGI-J), así como sobre las características de personalidad a través del Inventario Clínico de Adolescentes de Millon (MACI). Los resultados mostraron que el riesgo de reincidencia era alto para el 21.6% de la muestra, moderado para el 31.4% y bajo para el 47.1%. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en numerosas características psicosociales y de personalidad. Además, las principales variables relacionadas con los diferentes niveles de riesgo de reincidencia fueron la presencia/ausencia de una historia de conductas violentas, el rendimiento escolar, las habilidades para la solución de problemas y la sumisión como características de personalidad. Estas cuatro variables clasificaban correctamente al 80.4% de la muestra. Con arreglo a los resultados encontrados, estas variables se deben tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de programas de intervención eficaces en los centros de internamiento con menores infractores con el objetivo de disminuir la tasa de reincidencia

Comportamientos de riesgo y dimensiones de personalidad en la adolescencia / Risk behaviours and personality traits in adolescence

Resumen: Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: 1) establecer la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol, de tabaco y de cannabis, así como de las relaciones sexuales sin protección y la repetición de curso en adolescentes en función del sexo; 2) determinar las dimensiones de personalidad introversión (I), búsqueda de sensaciones (BS), impulsividad (Im) y sensibilidad a la ansiedad (SA) en función del sexo; 3) relacionar posibles perfiles de personalidad con dichas conductas. La muestra se compuso de 1.324 adolescentes (14-18 años). A partir de las dimensiones de personalidad valoradas se establecieron 4 grupos de adolescentes. El grupo de adolescentes con puntuaciones altas en todas las dimensiones de personalidad es el que presentó mayores tasas de experimentación con el consumo. Por el contrario, el de los adolescentes con bajos niveles de I, BS e Im fue el que menores tasas presentó. Las intervenciones preventivas deberían tener en cuenta las dimensiones de personalidad señaladas para poder aplicarse con una mayor efectividad.

Abstract: The objectives of this study were: 1) to establish the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, as well as unprotected sex and school failure among adolescents according to gender; 2) to determine the personality dimensions: introversion (I), sensation-seeking (SS), impulsivity (Im) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) according to gender; 3) to relate possible personality profiles to these behaviours. The sample included 1.324 adolescents aged between 14-18. 4 groups of adolescents were established based on the assessed personality dimensions. The group of adolescents with high scores in all personality dimensions presented the highest rates of experimentation with consumption. On the contrary, the group of adolescents with low levels of I, SS and Im presented the lowest rates. Preventive interventions should take into account the personality dimensions indicated in order to be applied with greater effectiveness.

Are There Gender-based Effects for an Educational Program for Parents of Adolescents With Risk Behaviors?

The goals of this study were to evaluate the gender-based effectiveness of the parental intervention of the Suspertu ("recovery" in English) prevention program for adolescents with risk behaviors in Spain. The sample included 229 parents (105 fathers and 124 mothers). One open-label trial with repeated measures was used. Parents received a family therapy and a group education. The intervention improved parents' authoritative parenting style, decreasing the degree of parental stress and reducing parent's psychopathological symptoms and maladjustment. Improvement in both groups (fathers and mothers) was mainly observed from pre- to post-intervention assessment. According to the results, prevention programs for adolescents with risk behaviors may be a suitable context both to teach parents to deal appropriately with their children's risk behaviors, and to improve parent's psychological state.

Gender differences in unidirectional and bidirectional intimate partner violence in addictions.

Background: Few studies have analyzed the specific characteristics related to uni/bidirectional intimate partner violence (IPV) in patients with addiction problems. Knowing the specific profiles of these patients would allow the development of effective tailored interventions.Objective: This study assessed gender differences in unidirectional and bidirectional IPV among patients undergoing drug addiction treatment.Method: We sampled 122 patients (91 male and 31 female) who sought treatment in an addiction treatment center, and collected cross-sectional self-reported data on violent behaviors (physical, sexual and psychological violence), sociodemographic factors, distorted thoughts about women and violence, impulsiveness, and anger.Results: Ninety-one percent of participants reported experience of IPV (any type and any direction). Sixty-three percent of participants reported bidirectional violence, which was more common among women (83.9%) than men (56.1%). Unidirectional (perpetration only) IPV was reported in 28.7% of participants, and it was more common among men (34.1%) than women (12.9%). No one reported unidirectional (victimization-only) IPV. When only physical and/or sexual violence was considered, bidirectional violence affected 32.0% of the sample; 23.8% were only victims, and 3.3% were only perpetrators (all of them men). Participants who reported bidirectional violence had higher scores for impulsiveness, anger, and distorted thoughts.Conclusions: Bidirectional IPV is commonly reported among patients seeking treatment for addiction, particularly among women, and should be considered in future research and clinical practice.

Comparación entre los Intentos de Suicidio Leves, Graves y las Muertes por Suicidio en Navarra / Comparison between mild and serious suicide attempts and suicide deaths in Navarre Region

Este trabajo compara personas fallecidas por suicidio con personas que realizaron algún intento (leves o graves), identificando factores asociados a cada grupo. En el estudio se utilizan dos muestras en las que se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de las personas fallecidas por suicidio en Navarra (2010-2013, n = 180) y de personas atendidas en urgencias de psiquiatría por un intento de suicidio (enero-octubre 2015, n = 207). Los resultados indican que un método de suicidio no violento, no estar jubilado y la ausencia de intentos de suicidio previos se asocian a quienes realizan intentos leves. Ser hombre, la ausencia de atenciones previas en urgencias de psiquiatría y el haber nacido en España se asocian a los fallecidos por suicidio. Se concluye que las diferencias encontradas entre los fallecidos y los intentos de suicidio subrayan la necesidad de abordajes diferenciados en la prevención de la repetición de la conducta suicida

This paper compares people who committed suicide with people who made some (mild or severe) attempt, identifying factors associated with each group. This study uses two samples in which sociodemographic and clinical variables of people dying by suicide in Navarre (2010-2013, n = 180) and people attending psychiatry emergencies for an attempted suicide (January-October 2015, n = 207) were collected. The results show that a non-violent method of suicide, not being retired, and the absence of previous suicide attempts are associated with those who perform mild attempts. Being a male, the absence of previous attendances in psychiatry emergencies and being born in Spain are associated with those who have committed suicide. It is concluded that the differences between the deceased and suicide attempts underline the need for differentiated approaches in preventing the recurrence of suicidal behavior

Suicidal attempts among patients with substance use disorders who present with suicidal ideation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with addictions have a great risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. Suicidal behaviour is a continuum that begins with ideation and may continue with planning, attempts and suicide completion. Investigating the specific risk characteristics for suicidal attempts in patients with addiction problems who present with suicidal ideation is crucial for developing prevention strategies. The main aims of this study were to determine the prevalence rate of suicide attempts among patients with lifetime suicidal ideation receiving treatment for addiction, and to explore the differential characteristics for suicide ideators with and without suicide attempts. METHODS: A sample of 149 patients with suicidal ideation (110 male and 39 female) who sought treatment for addiction in a Spanish clinical centre was assessed. MEASUREMENTS: Information concerning socio-demographic characteristics, addiction severity, and psychopathological symptoms was obtained. RESULTS: In total, 39.6% of the patients had attempted suicide (95% Confidence Interval: 32.1%-47.6%). Although all patients with suicidal behaviours presented a high severity in their addiction, patients with both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts showed a more severe addiction profile and more maladjustment to everyday life than patients with only suicidal ideation. Specifically, three psychopathological variables were related to suicide attempts: worse psychiatric state, previous hospitalization for psychological problems, and history of delirium. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, a systematic screening of suicidal risk in patients seeking treatment for addiction problems is recommended. Addiction treatment centres should develop treatment strategies to prevent suicidal ideators from attempting suicide, mainly in those cases with a worse lifetime psychiatric condition.