Validation of the use of Actigraph GT3X accelerometers to estimate energy expenditure in full time manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional validation study. OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to validate the use of accelerometers by means of multiple linear models (MLMs) to estimate the O2 consumption (VO2) in paraplegic persons and to determine the best placement for accelerometers on the human body. SETTING: Non-hospitalized paraplegics' community. METHODS: Twenty participants (age=40.03 years, weight=75.8 kg and height=1.76 m) completed sedentary, propulsion and housework activities for 10 min each. A portable gas analyzer was used to record VO2. Additionally, four accelerometers (placed on the non-dominant chest, non-dominant waist and both wrists) were used to collect second-by-second acceleration signals. Minute-by-minute VO2 (ml kg(-1) min(-1)) collected from minutes 4 to 7 was used as the dependent variable. Thirty-six features extracted from the acceleration signals were used as independent variables. These variables were, for each axis including the resultant vector, the percentiles 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th; the autocorrelation with lag of 1 s and three variables extracted from wavelet analysis. The independent variables that were determined to be statistically significant using the forward stepwise method were subsequently analyzed using MLMs. RESULTS: The model obtained for the non-dominant wrist was the most accurate (VO2=4.0558-0.0318Y25+0.0107Y90+0.0051YND2-0.0061ZND2+0.0357VR50) with an r-value of 0.86 and a root mean square error of 2.23 ml kg(-1) min(-1). CONCLUSIONS: The use of MLMs is appropriate to estimate VO2 by accelerometer data in paraplegic persons. The model obtained to the non-dominant wrist accelerometer (best placement) data improves the previous models for this population.

Force normalization in paraplegics.

The principal aim of our study was the determination of the effectiveness of a standardized ratio, allometric scaling model and a gamma function model in normalizing the isometric torque data of spinal cord patients and healthy subjects. For this purpose we studied a sample of 21 healthy males and 23 spinal cord injury males. The experiment consisted of the measurement of the force of the upper limb movement executed by all the subjects. We also determined anthropometric variables with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The experimental data were analyzed with 3 force normalization methods. Our results indicate that the most important confounding variable was the fat free mass of the dominant upper limb (r>0.36, p<0.05). With the standardization by body mass and allometric scaling model, the normalized torque was influenced by body size variables. However, the normalized torque by the gamma function model was independent of body size measures. Paraplegics were weaker (p<0.05) in extension movements when the data were normalized by the gamma function model. In summary, this study shows that the gamma function model with fat free mass of the dominant upper limb was more effective than the standardized ratio in removing the influence of body size variables.

Análisis del uso de herramientas de valoración funcional de las dolencias lumbares en el ámbito laboral / Analysis of the use of functional assessment tools for low back pain in the occupational setting

Introducción. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el funcionamiento del Servicio de Valoración Funcional de Asepeyo Sant Cugat y su repercusión en la gestión de la incapacidad temporal (IT) por dolor lumbar. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el que se recopilaron los datos de bajas laborales por lumbalgia común en Asepeyo Cataluña en 2004 y 2005. Se compararon los periodos de IT promedio entre los pacientes a quienes se realizó la valoración funcional (Grupo I) y quienes siguieron un proceso estándar (Grupo II). Se estudió la correlación entre el resultado de la prueba funcional y el periodo de baja posterior. Se estimó el ahorro económico obtenido tras la instalación del Laboratorio de Valoración Funcional en 2005. Resultados. El periodo de baja medio se reduce tras la valoración funcional (p < 0,001) en contingencias profesionales (CP) y contingencias comunes (CC). La duración media de las bajas de larga duración por CP es 69 días inferior en el Grupo I frente al Grupo II. La reducción en CC es de 117 días. El ahorro anual estimado en costes por compensación de días de IT alcanzaría los 236.261 ¿. Un protocolo que incluyese la valoración funcional de lumbalgias en bajas superiores a 50 días podría suponer un ahorro anual de más de 350.000 ¿. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran una importante reducción de los periodos de baja promedio tras la puesta en funcionamiento del Servicio de Valoración Funcional de Asepeyo Sant Cugat. Esta reducción supone un considerable ahorro en los costes por compensación de días de baja la boral

Introduction. The objective of this study is to analyze the performance of the Functional Assessment Service in Asepeyo Sant Cugat and its impact in the management of temporary disabilities (TD) due to low back pain. Material and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted. It collected data on TD due to low back pain in Asepeyo Catalonia in 2004 and 2005. The average time of TD of the patients who had the functional assessment (Group I) was compared with the average time of those TD patients who followed a standard evaluation process (Group II). The correlation between the functional test results and TD duration after the test was studied. An estimation of the economic saving obtained after the establishment of the Functional Assessment Service in 2005 was made. Results. The average TD duration is reduced after the functional assessment (p < 0.001) both in common diseases (CD) and work accidents (WA). There is a reduction of 69 days in the average duration of TD in CD in Group I in comparison to Group II. WA-related reduction is 117 days. The estimated savings in wages compensation per TD days would reach 236,261¿ per year. Inclusion of functional assessment tests in an evaluation protocol of low back pain TDs longer than 50 days could mean a savings of over 350,000¿ per year. Conclusions. The research done in the Functional Assessment Service of Asepeyo Sant Cugat shows an important reduction in the average duration of TD after its establishment. This reduction means considerable savings of compensation costs for lost work days

Desarrollo de una nueva metodología para la valoración de la movilidad cervical basada en técnicas de fotogrametría / Development of a new methodology for the assessment of cervical mobility based on photogrammetry techniques

Introducción. La inexistencia de métodos objetivos, fiables y precisos de valoración funcional de la movilidad de la columna cervical dificulta la elección de un adecuado tratamiento rehabilitador y posterior control de su evolución en pacientes afectados de dolor cervical. Todo esto ha planteado la necesidad de desarrollar una nueva metodología de valoración de la movilidad cervical a partir de técnicas de vídeo-fotogrametría y de definición de los patrones de movilidad en función de las variables edad y género. Material y métodos. Para la realización del estudio se ha seleccionado una muestra de 50 personas de edades comprendidas entre 20 y 79 años, con ausencia de patología cervical. También se ha realizado un estudio piloto con 14 personas afectadas de dolor cervical. El equipo de medida está basado en un sistema de video-fotogrametría. Los movimientos que se registraron fueron el de flexo-extensión, inclinación lateral y el de rotación de la cabeza. Resultados. Cabe destacar la alta influencia de las variables edad y sexo en los rangos de movimiento, además de la disminución de los rangos de movilidad en los pacientes aquejados de latigazo cervical cuya significación también es muy alta. Discusión. Se ha demostrado que la metodología presentada en el siguiente trabajo resulta una herramienta muy útil para la valoración funcional de la movilidad de la columna cervical, mejorando la precisión y la fiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos y permitiendo realizar un tratamiento rehabilitador de un modo más eficaz y controlado

Introduction. The non-existence of objective, reliable and precise methods of functional valuation of the cervical spine mobility makes difficult the election of a suitable rehabilitation treatment and subsequent control of its evolution in affected patients of cervical pain. All this has raised the need of developing a new methodology of cervical mobility valuation based on video-photogrammetry techniques and to define the patterns of mobility based on the parameters age and gender. Material and methods. For the accomplishment of the study a sample of 50 people aged between 20 and 79 years with absence of cervical pathology has been selected. Besides, a pilot study was made with 14 affected people of cervical pain. The measuring equipment is based on a video-photogrammetry system. The movements that were registered were flexo-extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the head. Results. It is possible to emphasize the high influence of the variables age and sex in the movement ranges, in addition to the diminution of the ranges of mobility in patients affected of whiplash injury whose meaning also is very high. Discusion. The methodology presented in the present work has been demonstrated as a useful tool for the functional valuation of the cervical spine mobility, improving the accuracy and the reliability of the obtained results and allowing making a rehabilitation treatment in a more effective and controlled way

Evaluation of CD7 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) expression in CD34+ myeloblasts from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.

There is an emerging use of flow cytometry to evaluate patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We have studied CD7 and TdT expression in the CD34+ myeloid blast cell population in 55 bone marrow samples of patients with MDS. CD7 and/or TdT were detected in 38 out of 55 patients (69%). CD7 expression was not related to other bad prognosis data but conversely, we found an association between TdT+ CD34 myeloblasts and high-risk MDS patients according to the International Prognostic Scoring System. Therefore, CD7 and TdT may help to establish the diagnosis of MDS and, TdT expression also seems to be a useful marker in distinguishing risk groups.

Results of a pilot study of 40 patients using high-dose therapy with hematopoietic rescue after standard-dose adjuvant therapy for high-risk breast cancer.

The study was designed to determine the toxicity, feasibility, and effectiveness of high-dose cyclophosphamide (6 g/m2), thiotepa (500 mg/m2) and carboplatin (800 mg/m2 (CTCb) with hematopoietic rescue as consolidation after standard-dose adjuvant chemotherapy treatment of primary high-risk breast cancer. From October 1991 to September 1994, 40 patients with stage II or III breast cancer involving 10 or more nodes were treated with CTCb after six cycles of adjuvant therapy with an anthracycline-containing regimen. Bone marrow (BM) was used as the source hematopoietic stem cell in the first 23 patients and G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) in the other 17. No therapy-related deaths occurred, but three life-threatening Complications were recorded which resolved: bilateral pulmonary hemorrhage, veno-occlusive disease of the liver and pulmonary thromboembolism. PBPC result in faster hemopoietic reconstitution with significantly lower transfusion requirements. With a median follow-up of 35 months (23-59) actuarial event-free survival for the study patients at 3 years is 72% (CI 95%: 66-81%). Even in patients over 50-60 years, CTCb is a relatively well tolerated regimen which appears, after a median follow-up of nearly 3 years, to decrease relapse frequency as compared with historical series, although a definite role of HDT in the treatment of high-risk primary breast cancer needs confirmation in prospective randomized trials.