Persistently high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias from 2010 to 2017 in Mexico City: A population study from the MIGICCL.

Introduction: Over the years, the Hispanic population living in the United States has consistently shown high incidence rates of childhood acute leukemias (AL). Similarly, high AL incidence was previously observed in Mexico City (MC). Here, we estimated the AL incidence rates among children under 15 years of age in MC during the period 2010-2017. Methods: The Mexican Interinstitutional Group for the Identification of the Causes of Childhood Leukemia conducted a study gathering clinical and epidemiological information regarding children newly diagnosed with AL at public health institutions of MC. Crude age incidence rates (cAIR) were obtained. Age-standardized incidence rates worldwide (ASIRw) and by municipalities (ASIRm) were calculated by the direct and indirect methods, respectively. These were reported per million population <15 years of age; stratified by age group, sex, AL subtypes, immunophenotype and gene rearrangements. Results: A total of 903 AL cases were registered. The ASIRw was 63.3 (cases per million) for AL, 53.1 for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 9.4 for acute myeloblastic leukemia. The highest cAIR for AL was observed in the age group between 1 and 4 years (male: 102.34 and female: 82.73). By immunophenotype, the ASIRw was 47.3 for B-cell and 3.7 for T-cell. The incidence did not show any significant trends during the study period. The ASIRm for ALL were 68.6, 66.6 and 62.8 at Iztacalco, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, respectively, whereas, other municipalities exhibited null values mainly for AML. Conclusion: The ASIRw for childhood AL in MC is among the highest reported worldwide. We observed spatial heterogeneity of rates by municipalities. The elevated AL incidence observed in Mexican children may be explained by a combination of genetic background and exposure to environmental risk factors.

COVID-19 en el paciente pediátrico / COVID-19 in the pediatric patient

Resumen Este documento fue preparado (en junio de 2020) por y para los profesionales médicos (clínicos y proveedores de salud), y está disponible públicamente para propósitos de recomendaciones relacionada con pacientes pediátricos y enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Según datos disponibles hasta la fecha, los niños de todas las edades pueden contraer la COVID-19; sin embargo, tienen mejor pronóstico que los adultos, siendo pocos los casos graves reportados, y los casos leves se recuperan en 1-2 semanas después del inicio de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este documento es aportar peculiaridades que consideramos importantes para el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Debido a los cambios en la actual situación epidemiológica se pueden modificar algunos conceptos y acciones, por lo que la información aquí contenida debe ser adaptada a cada paciente, basada en el juicio clínico, necesidades del paciente y recursos disponibles.

Abstract This document was prepared (June 2020) by and for medical professionals (clinicians and health providers), and it is available as a guideline for pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). So far, according to available data although children of all ages can acquire COVID-19, they have better outcome than adults, with a little proportion of severe disease, and in mild cases they have a 1 to 2-week recovery after the beginning of the infection. The objective of this document is to provide particularities that we consider important for diagnosis and treatment. Owe to the changing epidemiological situation some concepts and actions can change, so this information must be adapted to each specific case, based on the clinical judgement according to patient requirements and available resources.