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2.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 48(8): 535-542, oct. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156824

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar si en mayores de 50 años existe asociación entre el estado de salud percibido, una alimentación saludable y otros estilos de vida. DISEÑO: Estudio observacional transversal. Emplazamiento: Ocho zonas básicas de salud del área sanitaria de Albacete. PARTICIPANTES: Un total de 781 sujetos, de 50 a 74 años, seleccionados mediante muestreo simple aleatorio. MEDICIONES PRINCIPALES: Variables: autopercepción de salud (cuestionario EuroQol-5D), hábitos alimentarios (cuestionario sobre frecuencia de consumo de alimentos), actividad física (cuestionario IPAQ), hábitos tóxicos, problemas de salud (clasificación internacional de atención primaria) y características sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: La edad media fue de 61,4 años (DE: 6,6) y la proporción de mujeres, del 60,1%. En una escala de 0-100 la puntuación media en el estado de salud percibido fue de 74,0 (DE: 15,2). Dicha puntuación presentó una débil correlación con el número de criterios de alimentación saludable (r = 0,078; p = 0,03). Se observó una tendencia lineal (p = 0,001) entre intensidad de ejercicio físico y mejor autopercepción de salud. En fumadores la puntuación fue inferior (DE: 70,9 ± 15,6 vs. DE: 74,9 ± 15,1; p = 0,004). Mediante regresión múltiple el número de criterios de alimentación saludable mantuvo una asociación con la puntuación en el estado de salud percibido (p = 0,04), una vez ajustado el modelo por características sociodemográficas, número de problemas de salud y hábitos tóxicos. CONCLUSIONES: En mayores de 50 años el nivel de salud autopercibida se asocia al cumplimiento de los criterios de una alimentación saludable, lo cual es independiente de otros hábitos de salud y de las principales variables sociodemográficas


OBJECTIVES: The aim is to determine whether there is an association between perceived health status, healthy eating and other lifestyles in people over 50 years old. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: 8 Basic Health Zones from the Health Area of Albacete. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 781 subjects, randomly selected by simple random sampling. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: variables: self-rated quality of life (EuroQol 5D), dietary habits (questionnaire on frequency of food consumption), physical activity (IPAQ questionnaire), toxic habits, health problems (International Classification of Primary Care) and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: The mean age was 61.4 years (SD: 6.6) and the proportion of women was 60.1%. On a scale of 0-100 the mean score in the perceived health status was 74.0 (SD: 15.2). This score had a weak correlation with the number of healthy eating criteria (r = 0.078; P = .03). A linear trend (P = .001) was observed between exercise intensity and better self-rated health. The score was lower in smokers (70.9 ± 15.6 vs 74.9 ± 15.1 SD; P = .004). In the multiple regression, the number of healthy eating criteria remained an association with the score on perceived health status (P = .04), after adjusting the model for sociodemographic characteristics, number of health problems, and toxic habits. CONCLUSIONS: In people over 50 years of age the level of self-rated health is associated with the fulfilment of the criteria of a healthy diet, which is independent of other health habits and main sociodemographic variables


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Nível de Saúde , Comportamento Alimentar , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida , Fatores Sociológicos , Estudo Observacional , Estudos Transversais , Amostragem Aleatória Simples , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha
5.
Aten Primaria ; 48(8): 535-542, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26920449

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim is to determine whether there is an association between perceived health status, healthy eating and other lifestyles in people over 50 years old. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: 8 Basic Health Zones from the Health Area of Albacete. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 781 subjects, randomly selected by simple random sampling. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: variables: self-rated quality of life (EuroQol 5D), dietary habits (questionnaire on frequency of food consumption), physical activity (IPAQ questionnaire), toxic habits, health problems (International Classification of Primary Care) and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: The mean age was 61.4 years (SD: 6.6) and the proportion of women was 60.1%. On a scale of 0-100 the mean score in the perceived health status was 74.0 (SD: 15.2). This score had a weak correlation with the number of healthy eating criteria (r=0.078; P=.03). A linear trend (P=.001) was observed between exercise intensity and better self-rated health. The score was lower in smokers (70.9±15.6 vs 74.9±15.1 SD; P=.004). In the multiple regression, the number of healthy eating criteria remained an association with the score on perceived health status (P=.04), after adjusting the model for sociodemographic characteristics, number of health problems, and toxic habits. CONCLUSIONS: In people over 50years of age the level of self-rated health is associated with the fulfilment of the criteria of a healthy diet, which is independent of other health habits and main sociodemographic variables.


Assuntos
Dieta Saudável , Autoimagem , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida
6.
Rev. esp. cardiol. (Ed. impr.) ; 68(8): 665-671, ago. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-138930

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos. El consumo de estanoles vegetales puede contribuir a un mejor control a largo plazo del colesterol. El objetivo es evaluar la eficacia del aporte de estanoles vegetales, a dosis de 2 g/día, en la reducción de las cifras de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad de los pacientes con hipercolesterolemia. Métodos. Se realizó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, a doble ciego y controlado con placebo, en el que se incluyó a 182 sujetos adultos diagnosticados de hipercolesterolemia. Se administró yogur líquido con 2 g de estanoles vegetales a 91 sujetos del grupo intervención y yogur no suplementado a 91 del grupo control. La variable principal fue la variación del perfil lipídico a los 12 meses. Resultados. En comparación con el placebo, a los 12 meses se observó una disminución significativamente superior del colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad en el grupo que tomó estanoles: 13,7 (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 3,2-24,1) mg/dl (p = 0,011). En este grupo fue significativamente superior la proporción de sujetos que redujeron en más del 10% sus cifras de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (riesgo relativo = 1,7; intervalo confianza del 95%, 1,1-2,7). En el grupo tratado, el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad descendió, en promedio, un 11,0 ± 23,9%. Conclusiones. Los resultados confirman que la administración de estanoles vegetales en dosis de 2 g/día durante 1 año produce una reducción significativa (ligeramente superior al 10%) de las concentraciones de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad en sujetos con hipercolesterolemia (AU)


Introduction and objectives. Plant stanol consumption may improve long-term cholesterol control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 g/day of plant stanols in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Methods. This randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study included 182 adults diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. A yogurt drink containing 2 g of plant stanols was administered to 91 participants in the intervention group; 91 participants in the control group received unsupplemented yogurt. The primary end point was the change in the lipid profile at 12 months. Results. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at 12 months were significantly more reduced in the stanol intervention group than in the control group: 13.7 (95% confidence interval, 3.2-24.1) mg/dL (P = .011). A reduction of more than 10% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was achieved by a significantly higher proportion of participants in the intervention group (relative risk = 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.7). In this group, the mean (standard deviation) level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 11.0% (23.9%). Conclusions. Our results confirm that administration of plant stanols at a dosage of 2 g/day for 12 months significantly reduces (by slightly more than 10%) the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in individuals with hypercholesterolemia (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipercolesterolemia/diagnóstico , Hipercolesterolemia/terapia , Fitosteróis/uso terapêutico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Fitosteróis/farmacocinética , Fitosteróis/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Colesterol/metabolismo , Colesterol/uso terapêutico , Esterol Esterase/uso terapêutico , Método Duplo-Cego
7.
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) ; 68(8): 665-71, 2015 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25541227

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Plant stanol consumption may improve long-term cholesterol control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2g/day of plant stanols in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study included 182 adults diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. A yogurt drink containing 2g of plant stanols was administered to 91 participants in the intervention group; 91 participants in the control group received unsupplemented yogurt. The primary end point was the change in the lipid profile at 12 months. RESULTS: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at 12 months were significantly more reduced in the stanol intervention group than in the control group: 13.7 (95% confidence interval, 3.2-24.1) mg/dL (P=.011). A reduction of more than 10% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was achieved by a significantly higher proportion of participants in the intervention group (relative risk=1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.7). In this group, the mean (standard deviation) level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 11.0% (23.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that administration of plant stanols at a dosage of 2 g/day for 12 months significantly reduces (by slightly more than 10%) the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Trial registration (www.ClinicalTrials.gov): Current Controlled Trials NCT01406106.


Assuntos
Hipercolesterolemia/tratamento farmacológico , Lipídeos/sangue , Sitosteroides/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Masculino , Margarina , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Iogurte
10.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 43(1): 11-17, ene. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-88157

RESUMO

ObjetivosEn primer lugar, evaluar los conocimientos y actitudes de los mayores de 65 años respecto al documento de voluntades anticipadas, y conocer el papel que, en su opinión, debe jugar el médico de familia en la planificación anticipada de la muerte. En segundo lugar, evaluar los conocimientos y actitudes de los médicos de familia respecto a dicho documento y conocer el papel que juegan estos profesionales.DiseñoCualitativo, utilizando grupos de discusión. Se realizaron 4 grupos, 2 de médicos y 2 de mayores entre marzo y mayo de 2009.EmplazamientoAtención Primaria de Castilla-La Mancha, Áreas de Salud de Albacete y Guadalajara.ParticipantesQuince personas en los grupos de mayores y 13 en los de médicos.MétodoTanto para la selección de sujetos, la realización de los grupos y el análisis de estos, se siguieron las recomendaciones de Krueger (1991).ResultadosLos médicos y las personas mayores presentan una actitud positiva hacia el documento de voluntades anticipadas, pero carecen de suficiente información para que su uso pueda ser más extendido. El desconocimiento hace imposible que los pacientes reclamen información y la falta de tiempo dificulta que los médicos planteen el tema en la consulta.ConclusionesTanto los médicos como los mayores no disponen de información suficiente sobre el documento de voluntades anticipadas, lo cual permite recomendar la realización de campañas informativas y/o actividades de formación específicas. Los médicos creen que podrían buscarse alternativas a las consultas de Atención Primaria para que los pacientes pudieran informarse(AU)


ObjectivesFirst, to assess knowledge and attitudes of people aged 65 and over to the Advance Directives Document (ADD) and know the role that, in their opinion, a family doctor should play in the early planning of death. Second, to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of primary care physicians to that document, as well as to know the role played by these professionals.DesignQualitative, using discussion groups. Between March and May 2009 4 groups, 2 of physicians and 2 of older people, were formed.SettingCastile-La Mancha Primary Care Setting, Albacete and Guadalajara health areas.Subjects15 people in the groups formed by older people and 13 in the groups of doctors.MethodThe Krueger recommendations (1991) were followed both for the selection of subjects, conducting of the discussion groups and analysis of data.ResultsDoctors and patients have a positive attitude towards the ADD, but lack sufficient information to make more widespread use of it. Ignorance makes it impossible for patients to get information about the document and the lack of time makes it difficult for physicians to raise the issue in the consultation.ConclusionsNeither physicians nor the elderly have enough information regarding ADD, allowing us to recommend carrying out information campaigns and/or specific educational activities. According to physicians, alternatives to primary care consultations should be sought for patients to be informed(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Diretivas Antecipadas/ética , Testamentos Quanto à Vida/ética , Atenção Primária à Saúde/ética , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/ética , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/ética
11.
Aten Primaria ; 43(1): 11-7, 2011 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20304533

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: First, to assess knowledge and attitudes of people aged 65 and over to the Advance Directives Document (ADD) and know the role that, in their opinion, a family doctor should play in the early planning of death. Second, to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of primary care physicians to that document, as well as to know the role played by these professionals. DESIGN: Qualitative, using discussion groups. Between March and May 2009 4 groups, 2 of physicians and 2 of older people, were formed. SETTING: Castile-La Mancha Primary Care Setting, Albacete and Guadalajara health areas. SUBJECTS: 15 people in the groups formed by older people and 13 in the groups of doctors. METHOD: The Krueger recommendations (1991) were followed both for the selection of subjects, conducting of the discussion groups and analysis of data. RESULTS: Doctors and patients have a positive attitude towards the ADD, but lack sufficient information to make more widespread use of it. Ignorance makes it impossible for patients to get information about the document and the lack of time makes it difficult for physicians to raise the issue in the consultation. CONCLUSIONS: Neither physicians nor the elderly have enough information regarding ADD, allowing us to recommend carrying out information campaigns and/or specific educational activities. According to physicians, alternatives to primary care consultations should be sought for patients to be informed.


Assuntos
Testamentos Quanto à Vida , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários
12.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 1(4): 169-176, jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-69016

RESUMO

Objetivo. Determinar factores asociados a la prescripción de tratamiento antibiótico en faringoamigdalitisaguda en niños de 2 a 8 años.Diseño. Estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles.Emplazamiento. Atención primaria.Participantes. Selección de 194 niños (97 casos con tratamiento antibiótico y 97 controles sin tratamientoantibiótico) que consultaron por faringoamigdalitis aguda.Mediciones principales. Mediante entrevista semiestructurada, realizada a los acompañantes de losniños, y a partir de la historia clínica, se determinó: variable exposición (consulta urgente/no urgente),variable resultado (prescripción o no de antibióticos), signos de infección faríngea, síntomas y otrosdatos clínicos o sociodemográficos.Resultados. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes en los pacientes con faringoamigdalitis quetomaron algún antimicrobiano fueron fi ebre (92,9%) y exudado faringoamigdalar (80,6%). El antibióticomás prescrito fue amoxicilina (68,4%). La proporción de niños que recibieron tratamiento antibióticofue signifi cativamente superior ante la presencia de fi ebre (62,3% vs. 14%; p<0,001) o amígdalaspultáceas (56,8% vs. 33,3%, p<0,01), así como en los atendidos de forma urgente (64,2% vs. 36,6%;p<0,001). También mediante regresión logística, las variables asociadas de forma independiente conla prescripción de antibióticos fueron: atención urgente (OR= 1,96), amigdalitis pultácea (OR= 2,16)y fi ebre (OR= 7,36).Conclusiones: la atención urgente es un factor predictor independiente para una mayor prescripciónde tratamiento antibiótico en niños con faringoamigdalitis aguda. Frente a los síntomas referidos por los niños o sus padres, los signos clínicos de sospecha de faringoamigdalitis producida por el estreptococo del grupo A objetivados por el médico, como fi ebre y exudado purulento, constituyen variablesasociadas estadísticamente con una mayor prescripción de tratamiento antibiótico


Objective. To determinate factors involved with the prescription of antibiotics in cases of acute pharyngotonsillitis in children from 2 to 8 years oldDesign. Cases and controls analytical and observational research.Setting. Primary care health servicesSubjects. Selection of 194 children (97 cases with antibiotic treatment and 97 controls without antibiotictreatment), who were consulted with acute pharyngotonsillitis.Principal measurement. By semi-structured interview of adults with child and from clinical history,It has been determined: exposition variables (consultation urgent or non urgent), result variables(prescription or not of antibiotics), signs of faringeal infection, symptoms and other clinical or socialdemographic data .Results. The clinical manifestations encountered most frequently in those patients with pharyngotonsillitiswho took antibiotic treatment were fever (92.9%) and puss (80.6%). The most prescribed antibioticwas amoxiciline (68.4%). The percentage of children who have been treated by antibiotics, wassignifi cantly higher where fever existed (62.3% vs 14%; p<0.001) or adenoidal puss (56.8 % vs 33.3%, p<0.01), also those who have been attended to in emergencies (64.2% vs 36.6%; p<0.001). Also,by logistical regression, the independent variables statistically involved with prescription of antibioticswere: urgent attention (OR=1.96), adenoidal puss (OR= 2.16) and fever (OR= 7.36).Conclusions. The urgent attention is a predictor independent factor, involved with higher prescriptionof antibiotics in children with acute pharyngotonsillitis. Despite symptoms told by children to the parents, clinical signs of suspected streptococcal A pharyngotonsillitis produced and detected by doctors, for example fever and puss, are variables statistically related with a higher prescription of antibiotic treatment


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Faringite/epidemiologia , Tonsilite/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Faringite/tratamento farmacológico , Tonsilite/tratamento farmacológico , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles
13.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 1(2): 102-103, oct. 2005. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68972

RESUMO

El síndrome de hiper-IgE es una rara inmunodeficiencia primaria con alteraciones tanto en el ámbito de la inmunidad humoral como de la celular cuyas características principales son las cifras elevadas de eosinófilos en sangre periférica y principalmente la alta concentración de inmunoglobulina Ig E encontrada en el suero.Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 39 años con historia de abscesos estafilocócicos múltiplesde repetición, infecciones del tracto aéreo superior y dermatitis crónica. Tanto la historia de lapaciente como los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio encontrados nos llevaron al diagnóstico deuna inmunodeficiencia primaria


Hyper- IgE syndrome is a rare inmunodeficiency, with impaired humoral and celular inmunity.This syndrome is characterized by hipereosinophilia and elevated IgE levels.We report a 39-year-old woman with a history dominated by recurrent absceses of staphyloccocalethiology, sinopulmonary tract infections and chronic dermatitis. We diagnosed a hyper- IgEsyndrome by clinical observations and laboratory findings


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/etiologia , Imunoglobulina E , Eosinofilia/diagnóstico
14.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 1(1): 20-25, jun. 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68959

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la adherencia al tratamiento con AINEs prescritos para alivio del dolor en elámbito de Atención Primaria, estimar la probabilidad de abandono en los días siguientes a su prescripcióny reconocer factores pronósticos relacionados con el cumplimiento.Diseño del estudio: Estudio observacional de carácter longitudinal o de seguimiento durante 10 díastras el inicio del tratamiento.Emplazamiento: Atención Primaria. Área Sanitaria de Albacete.Sujetos: Se seleccionaron, mediante muestreo consecutivo, 125 pacientes de 14 o más años deedad, que, durante el periodo de estudio, iniciaron algún tratamiento con AINEs para procesos dolorososde cualquier etiología.Mediciones principales: Como variables dependientes fueron consideradas la duración en días deltratamiento con AINEs, desde la prescripción hasta la segunda observación al cabo de diez días, y elabandono de la medicación durante el periodo de seguimiento.Resultados: Entre los 115 pacientes en los que se pudo completar el seguimiento, 32 reconocieronhaber abandonado el tratamiento con AINEs (27,8%), siendo su edad media (47,59 años ± 2,6 DE)significativamente inferior (p=0,01) a la de los pacientes que cumplieron con la pauta prescrita (56,1 ±1,8 DE). Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el abandono de la medicación yla presencia de reumatismo no articular (42,4%). Del análisis de supervivencia se desprende que lostratamientos considerados presentan una mediana superior a 10 días de duración y que la probabilidadacumulada de supervivencia desciende hasta el 70% al cabo de 10 días.Conclusiones: El abandono del tratamiento con AINEs es inferior en pacientes ancianos. El riesgo deabandono es superior en los pacientes que reciben el tratamiento por reumatismo no articular y en losque no presentan mejoría con el tratamiento o ésta es de carácter leve


Objective: To know about treatment tracking with AINS prescribed in primary health level to relievepain, to estimate the probability of to stopping treatment the next days and to detect predictor factorsinvolved with the end means.Design: Observational and longitudinal study during 10 days after begining treatment.Setting: First level health centers in Albacete city.Subjects: Have been selected 125 patients 14 or older, by consecutive picking, who began AINSdrugs prescribed in order to relieve everyones pain.Main measurements: It was consider any dependent parameters like lengh in days of the teatmentfrom prescription until second observation in ten days, also stopping treatment during the follow upperiod.Results: It was not possible to complete the follow up in 115 patients; into this group, 32 have admitedthey left the treatment (27,8 %) and his average age (47,59 ± 2,6 SD) was clearly less (p = 0,01) thanpatients with a correct tracking treatment (56,1 ± 1,8 SD).There has been observed a relationship with statistical value between treatment stopping and presenceof non articular rheumatism (42,4 %). From survivance research it is possible to deduce that the life ofthe treatment presents a “median” > 10 days and the acumulative probability of survival, decreaces to70 % in 10 days.Conclusions: Living treatment with AINS is significantly less in elderly patients. Risk of stoppingtreatment is statistically higher in patients under treatment for non articular rheumatism who don’t showimprovement by the treatment


Assuntos
Humanos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguimentos
15.
Rev. clín. med. fam ; 1(1): 39-47, jun. 2005. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68962

RESUMO

Las demencias causan un gran impacto en la vida de los afectados y de sus familias y provocan efectos sociosanitarios y económicos destacados.Los síntomas conductuales y psicológicos asociados a la demencia (SCPD) son motivo frecuente de consulta y provocan un importante deterioro en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores. Los médicos de familia asumimos la responsabilidad de su atencióny contamos con guías basadas en pruebas que pueden ayudarnos a mejorar nuestra capacidad de respuesta a estos problemas. Las medidas no farmacológicas de atención al enfermo y a sus cuidadores son la primera elección en el abordaje de los SCPD, aunque losdatos que respaldan su uso son limitados en muchos casos. Los síntomas que mejor parecen responder a este tipo de intervenciones son el humor depresivo leve, la apatía, el vagabundeo, el caminar insistente y las preguntas y gestos repetidos.El uso de fármacos esta claramente indicado para los SCPD moderados a graves que interfieren en la calidad de vida del paciente o el cuidador. Los fármacos que han demostrado más efectividad son los neurolépticos, antidepresivos y benzodiacepinas, Sin embargo,su uso debe ser muy cauteloso, considerando la mayor susceptibilidad de estos pacientes a sus efectos adversos. Revisamos las recomendaciones de uso en cada uno de los SCPD y su nivel de evidencia.La formación, el adiestramiento y la actuación integral y continua de los equipos de atenciónprimaria, con la participación fundamental de los cuidadores, constituyen instrumentos de primer orden en el manejo de este tipo de pacientes


Dementia causes a big shock in patients and family lifes and provokes important economic and health-social effects. Behavioral and psichological symptoms associated with dementia are frequently the origin of consultancy and are involved with an important worsening of quality life in patients and careers. Family doctors have the responsability of health service and management based on tryals guides that help us in order to improve our answer capability. Firts step in the BPSD assistance observe not pharmaceutic actions, however evidence that supports its use are limited. The symptoms that offer a best answer to not pharmaceutical actions are slight depressive humour, apathy, aimlessness, continuouswalking and repetitive questions and gestures.Use of drugs has its target on middle and serious BPSD that modify life quality of patients or carers. Drugs that have demonstrated moore efectivity are neuroleptics, antidepressives and benzodiazepines. However, it use has to be with care, considering higher sensibility of these patients to its adverse effects. We have to check use recommendations in everyBPSD and its evidence level.Training and full and continuous actuation on first health level teams and the active work of carers have a particular importance in the management of these patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Demência/psicologia , Assistência Integral à Saúde/tendências , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Padrões de Prática Médica
16.
Gac Sanit ; 19(2): 103-12, 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15860158

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale to detect major depressive disorders in elderly individuals in primary care (Detection of Depression in the Elderly Scale [DDES]). METHODS: We performed an observational and cross-sectional study for the validation of a scale, administered by means of a personal interview, in 259 patients aged 65 years old or older. Available instruments were reviewed and the questions were designed. Subsequently, a first pilot study was performed. In a second pilot study the reproducibility of the instrument was analyzed. The gold standard was the result of a standardized psychiatric interview performed by psychiatrists (DSM-IV criteria and SCAN interviews). RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficients corresponding to the test-retest and inter-rater reliability were 0.858 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.634-0.946) and 0.908 (95% CI, 0.726-0.969) respectively. Two hundred sixteen subjects underwent an assessment, in which primary care and psychiatric evaluations were blinded. Major depression was diagnosed in 81 patients (37.5%; 95% CI, 31.1-44.4). The internal consistency of the DDES was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79). Exploratory factorial analysis revealed an 8-component structure (55.8% of explained variance). A cutoff score of 15 or more for the DDES showed sensitivity of 90.1% (95% CI, 80.95-95.33), specificity of 74.8% (95% CI, 66.48-81.71) and a likelihood ratio (+) of 3.58 (95% CI, 2.65-4.83). CONCLUSIONS: The DDES is a clinically useful instrument for the detection of major depression in elderly patients in primary care.


Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais/psicologia , Idoso/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Uso de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Masculino , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Projetos Piloto , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores Socioeconômicos
17.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 19(2): 103-112, mar.-abr. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-038274

RESUMO

Fundamento y objetivo: Elaborar y validar una escala para detectar trastornos depresivos mayores (TDM) en ancianos que utilizan las consultas de atención primaria (Escala para la Detección de Depresión en Ancianos [EDDA]). Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal para validar una escala, administrada mediante entrevista personal, en 259 pacientes de 65 o más años. Tras revisar los instrumentos disponibles y elaborar los ítems, se realizó una primera prueba piloto o pretest. En una segunda prueba piloto se analizó la reproducibilidad del instrumento. El estándar de oro fue el resultado de una entrevista psiquiátrica estandarizada realizada por psiquiatras (criterios DSM-IV y entrevista SCAN). Resultados: Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase (CCI) correspondientes a la fiabilidad intra e interobservador fueron, respectivamente, de 0,858 (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 0,634-0,946) y 0,908 (IC del 95%, 0,726-0,969). El número de sujetos válidos para el estudio fue de 216 ancianos, en quienes se realizó, de forma ciega, una valoración en consultas de atención primaria y de psiquiatría. En éstas se objetivó la existencia de un TDM en 81 de ellos (37,5%; IC del 95%, 31,1-44,4). La EDDA mostró una elevada coherencia interna (* de Cronbach = 0,79). El análisis factorial determinó que existían 8 factores capaces de explicar el 55,8% de la varianza total. Para una puntuación mayor o igual a 15, la EDDA presenta una sensibilidad del 90,1% (IC del 95%, 80,95-95,33), una especificidad del 74,8% (IC del 95%, 66,48-81,71) y un cociente de probabilidad positivo de 3,58 (IC del 95%, 2,65-4,83). Conclusiones: La EDDA es un instrumento clínicamente útil para la detectar los TDM de los ancianos en la atención primaria


Background and objective: The aim of this study was to design and validate a scale to detect major depressive disorders in elderly individuals in primary care (Detection of Depression in the Elderly Scale [DDES]). Methods: We performed an observational and cross-sectional study for the validation of a scale, administered by means of a personal interview, in 259 patients aged 65 years old or older. Available instruments were reviewed and the questions were designed. Subsequently, a first pilot study was performed. In a second pilot study the reproducibility of the instrument was analyzed. The gold standard was the result of a standardized psychiatric interview performed by psychiatrists (DSM-IV criteria and SCAN interviews). Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients corresponding to the test-retest and inter-rater reliability were 0.858 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.634-0.946) and 0.908 (95% CI, 0.726-0.969) respectively. Two hundred sixteen subjects underwent an assessment, in which primary care and psychiatric evaluations were blinded. Major depression was diagnosed in 81 patients (37.5%; 95% CI, 31.1-44.4). The internal consistency of the DDES was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79). Exploratory factorial analysis revealed an 8-component structure (55.8% of explained variance). A cutoff score of 15 or more for the DDES showed sensitivity of 90.1% (95% CI, 80.95-95.33), specificity of 74.8% (95% CI, 66.48-81.71) and a likelihood ratio (+) of 3.58 (95% CI, 2.65-4.83). Conclusions: The DDES is a clinically useful instrument for the detection of major depression in elderly patients in primary care


Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais
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