Cognitive Benefits of Folic Acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, and a Combination of Both Nutrients in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Possible Alterations through Mitochondrial Function and DNA Damage.

INTRODUCTION: It is uncertain whether folic acid (FA) combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could improve cognitive performance. This study evaluated the effects of a 12-month FA and DHA supplementation, in combination or alone, on cognitive function, DNA oxidative damage, and mitochondrial function in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruited MCI participants aged 60 years and older. Two hundred and eighty participants were randomly divided in equal proportion into four groups: FA + DHA (FA 800 µg/d + DHA 800 mg/d), FA (800 µg/d), DHA (800 mg/d), and placebo groups daily orally for 12 months. The primary outcome was cognitive function evaluated by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-RC). Cognitive tests and blood mechanism-related biomarkers were determined at baseline and 12 months. RESULTS: During the 12-month follow-up, scores of full intelligence quotient (ßDHA: 1.302, 95% CI: 0.615, 1.990, p < 0.001; ßFA: 1.992, 95% CI: 1.304, 2.679, p < 0.001; ßFA+DHA: 2.777, 95% CI: 2.090, 3.465, p < 0.001), verbal intelligence quotient, and some subtests of the WAIS-RC were significantly improved in FA + DHA and single intervention groups compared to the placebo group. Moreover, the FA and DHA intervention combination was superior to either intervention alone (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, FA, DHA, and their combined use significantly decreased 8-OHdG level and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number compared to the placebo (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of FA and DHA, alone or combined, for 12 months can improve cognitive function in MCI participants, possibly through mitigating DNA oxidative damage and enhancing mitochondrial function. Combined supplementation may provide more cognitive benefit than supplementation alone.

An Active and Regenerable Nanometric High-Entropy Catalyst for Efficient Propane Dehydrogenation.

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is crucial for propylene production, but commercially employed Pt-based catalysts face susceptibility to deactivation due to the Pt sintering during reaction and regeneration steps. Here, we report a SiO2 supported nanometric (MnCoCuZnPt) high-entropy PDH catalyst with high activity and stability. The catalyst exhibited a super high propane conversion of 56.6% with 94% selectivity of propylene at 600 °C. The propylene productivity reached 68.5 molC3H6·gPt-1·h-1, nearly three times that of Pt/SiO2 (23.5 molC3H6·gPt-1·h-1) under a weight hourly space velocity of 60 h-1. In a high-entropy nanoparticle, Pt atoms were atomically dispersed through coordination with other metals and exhibited a positive charge, thereby showcasing remarkable catalytic activity. The high-entropy effect contributes to the catalyst a superior stability with a low deactivation constant of 0.0004 h-1 during 200 hours of reaction under the industrial gas composition at 550 °C. Such high-entropy PDH catalyst is easy regenerated through simple air combustion of deposited coke. After the fourth consecutive regeneration cycle, satisfactory catalytic stability was observed, and the element distribution of spent catalysts almost returned to their initial state, with no detectable Pt sintering. This work provides new insights into designing active, stable, and regenerable novel PDH catalysts.

Pedobacter deserti sp. nov., a novel species isolated from desert soil.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated as SYSU D00382T, was sourced from soil of Gurbantunggut Desert, PR China. The strain was short-rod-shaped, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative, with yellow-colored, convex, round, and smooth colonies on TSA plate. Growth and proliferation occurred at 4-37 °C (optimal: 28-30 °C), pH 5.0-8.0 (optimal: pH 6.0-7.0) and NaCl concentration of 0-2.5% (optimal: 0-0.5%). The 16S rRNA gene based phylogenetic assessment showed that SYSU D00382T belonged to the genus Pedobacter, and was most closely related to Pedobacter ginsengisoli Gsoil 104T with similarity of 97.7%. The genomic DNA G+C content of SYSU D00382T was 46.4%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between SYSU D00382T and P. ginsengisoli Gsoil 104T were 75.7% and 17.5%, respectively. The main polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids (> 5%) were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, summed features 3 and 9. The sole respiratory quinone identified was MK-7. The phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences revealed that SYSU D00382T formed a robust lineage with P. ginsengisoli Gsoil 104T. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic data, a novel specie named Pedobacter deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU D00382T (= CGMCC 1.18627T = MCCC 1K04972T = KCTC 82279T).

Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (CSBZZUi001-A) from a female Alzheimer's patient carrying the PSEN1 709 T > C heterozygous mutation.

Pluripotent stem cells were generated through the electroporation of episomal plasmids, containing crucial reprogramming factors, into skin fibroblasts extracted from a female Alzheimer's patient harboring the PSEN1 709 T > C (p.Phe237Leu) heterozygous mutation. The pluripotent stem cells exhibit a normal karyotype and express pivotal stem cell markers including TRA-1-60, Nanog, SOX2, and OCT4. Furthermore, their capacity to differentiate into the three germ layers in in vivo teratoma experiments has been substantiated. The pluripotent stem cell line can serve as a cellular model for Alzheimer's disease, offering significant value in elucidating the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of the disease.

Analysis of an adult diabetes mellitus caused by a rare mutation of the gene: A case report.

BACKGROUND: This study presents the clinical and genetic mutation characteristics of an unusual case of adult-onset diabetes mellitus occurring in adolescence, featuring a unique mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene. Data Access Statement: Research data supporting this publication are available from the NN repository at www.NNN.org/download/. CASE SUMMARY: The methodology employed entailed meticulous collection of comprehensive clinical data from the probands and their respective family members. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze the PPARG genes of the patient, her siblings, and their offspring. The results of this investigation revealed that the patient initially exhibited elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy, accompanied by insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, these strains displayed increased susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease without any discernible aggregation patterns. The results from the gene detection process demonstrated a heterozygous mutation of guanine (G) at position 284 in the coding region of exon 2 of PPARG, which replaced the base adenine (A) (exon2c.284A>Gp.Tyr95Cys). This missense mutation resulted in the substitution of tyrosine with cysteine at the 95th position of the translated protein. Notably, both of her siblings harbored a nucleotide heterozygous variation at the same site, and both were diagnosed with diabetes. CONCLUSION: The PPARG gene mutation, particularly the p.Tyr95Cys mutation, may represent a newly identified subtype of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. This subtype is characterized by insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders.

Fetal membrane imaging: current and future perspectives-a review.

Fetal membrane providing mechanical support and immune protection for the growing fetus until it ruptures during parturition. The abnormalities of fetal membrane (thickening, separation, etc.) are related to adverse perinatal outcomes such as premature delivery, fetal deformities and fetal death. As a noninvasive method, imaging methods play an important role in prenatal examination. In this paper, we comprehensively reviewed the manuscripts on fetal membrane imaging method and their potential role in predicting adverse perinatal fetal prognosis. We also discussed the prospect of artificial intelligence in fetal membrane imaging in the future.

[Characteristics of Pollution and Microbial Community Structure in the Antimony Mining Area of Longnan, Gansu Province].

Antimony （Sb） is a major pollutant that poses a serious threat to the environment in the mining and processing of nonferrous metals, coexisting with sulfide and oxide of arsenic （As）. Microorganisms play an important role in the migration, transformation, and repair of metals in soil. The ecological effects of bioavailable Sb and As on the microbial community in antimony mining areas（mining and smelting areas）are still poorly understood. The Wenzel method and high-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon were used to characterize soil pollution characteristics in different functional areas, and the relationship between the bacterial community and bioavailable concentrations have been investigated comprehensively. The results showed that： Chemical speciation of Sb and As were amorphous, and poorly crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe and Al （F3） > well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al （F4） > residual phases （F5） > specifically adsorbed （F2） > non-specifically adsorbed （F1）. According to the estimation of the potential ecological risk index （RI） and geo-accumulation index （Igeo）, the Sb pollution degree was： smelting area > mining area > contrast area, in which the smelting area showed serious pollution, and the mining area showed moderate to severe pollution. The As pollution degree was： mining area > smelting area > contrast area, in which the mining area and smelting area showed moderate to severe pollution. High-throughput 16S rDNA amplicon showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in mining and smelting areas； Kaistobacter, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Lysobacter were the most abundant microbial genera； Geobacter and Luteolibacter had a high LDA score in mining areas； and Thiobacillus had a high LDA score in antimony-contaminated areas. Spearman correlation analysis, variation partitioning analysis （VPA）, and random forest （RF） analysis showed that Sb, As, bioavailable antimony [Sb （Bio）], and bioavailable arsenic [As （Bio）]were the main factors affecting the microbial community structure in different functional areas of antimony ore. Redundancy analysis （RDA） indicated that Sb and its bioavailable concentrations showed uniformly negative associations with the relative abundance of bacteria Nitrospirae and showed a significant positive correlation with Thiobacillus （P<0.05）. The in-depth research on the ecological effects of bioavailable Sb and As on the bacterial community provides references and new perspectives for environmental monitoring and management.

Two risk assessment models for predicting white matter injury in extremely preterm infants.

BACKGROUND: Extremely preterm infants (EPIs) are at high-risk of white matter injury (WMI), leading to long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. We aimed to develop nomograms for WMI. METHODS: The study included patients from 31 provinces, spanning ten years. 6074 patients before 2018 were randomly divided into a training and internal validation group (7:3). The external validation group comprised 1492 patients from 2019. Predictors were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariable logistic regression and nomograms were constructed. Models' performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration curves. RESULTS: The prenatal nomogram included multiple gestation, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), chorioamnionitis, prenatal glucocorticoids, hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP) and Apgar 1 min, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.805, 0.816 and 0.799 in the training, internal validation and external validation group, respectively. Days of mechanical ventilation (MV), shock, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade III-IV, septicemia, hypothermia and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) stage II-III were identified as postpartum predictors. The AUCs were 0.791, 0.813 and 0.823 in the three groups, respectively. DCA and calibration curves showed good clinical utility and consistency. CONCLUSION: The two nomograms provide clinicians with precise and efficient tools for prediction of WMI. IMPACT: This study is a large-sample multicenter study, spanning 10 years. The two nomograms are convenient for identifying high-risk infants early, allowing for reducing poor prognosis.

First-principles calculation of structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of SrVO3.

CONTEXT AND RESULTS : In this paper, the crystal structure, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of SrVO3 have been systematically studied by first-principles calculation. The results show that the calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values of X-ray diffraction. The density of states is described in detail in this paper. By analyzing the crystal structure and electronic properties of SrVO3, the magnetic properties of SrVO3 are obtained from the one unpaired electrons of V and the exchange interaction between two V ions. At the same time, a detailed analysis of the optical properties of SrVO3 was conducted, and it was found that it is transparent in the visible light range. Finally, the mechanical properties of SrVO3 are calculated, which can provide some references for future research. COMPUTATIONAL METHOD: In this paper, a first-principles method based on density functional theory (DFT) is reported for PBE-GGA analysis using the plane wave-pseudo potential method in a quantum concentrate packet, U value of 7 eV to V-d and a U value of 2 eV to O-p, Grimme correction by DFT-D method. The k points in the Brillouin region are set to 4 × 4 × 4. The energy convergence criterion for self-consistent field calculation is set at 5.0 × 10-6 eV/atom, and the cutoff energy is 1170 eV. In this paper, the force acting on each atom is not more than 0.01 eV/Å, the maximum stress is not more than 0.02GPa, and the maximum atomic displacement is 5 × 10-4 Å.

CCN1 Is a Therapeutic Target for Reperfused Ischemic Brain Injury.

Ischemic stroke can lead to systemic inflammation, which can activate peripheral immune cells, causing neuroinflammation and brain injury. Meningeal lymphatics play a crucial role in transporting solutes and immune cells out of the brain and draining them into cervical lymph nodes (CLNs). However, the role of meningeal lymphatics in regulating systemic inflammation during the reperfusion stage after ischemia is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that brain infarct size, neuronal loss, and the effector function of inflammatory macrophage subsets were reduced after ischemia-reperfusion and disruption of meningeal lymphatics. Spatial memory function was improved in the late stage of ischemic stroke following meningeal lymphatic disruption. Brain-infiltrating immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and T and natural killer cells, were reduced after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and meningeal lymphatic disruption. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that meningeal lymphatic disruption reprogrammed the transcriptome profile related to chemotaxis and leukocyte migration in CLN lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and it also decreased chemotactic CCN1 expression in floor LECs. Replenishment of CCN1 through intraventricular injection increased brain infarct size and neuronal loss, while restoring numbers of macrophages/microglia in the brains of meningeal lymphatic-disrupted mice after ischemic stroke. Blocking CCN1 in cerebrospinal fluid reduced brain infarcts and improves spatial memory function after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In summary, this study indicates that CCN1-mediated detrimental inflammation was alleviated after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and meningeal lymphatic disruption. CCN1 represents a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting systemic inflammation in the brain-CLN axis after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor increased mortality in lung cancer patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a comparative retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a life-threatening infection in immunocompromised individuals. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has brought significant survival benefit in lung cancer patients. Although the few studies showed there was high mortality in PJP patients with ICI use, these studies had no comparative control groups. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to compare the mortality in PJP patients with lung cancer between those treated with ICI and a concurrent control group treated without ICI. Results: A total number of 20 non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with confirmed PJP and co-existing lung cancer were included in the current study, and classified into ICI group (n=9) and non-ICI group (n=11).There was a clear trend to a shorter onset of PJP in ICI group than non-ICI group (118.9 ± 60.9 vs 253.0 ± 185.1 days), although without statistical significance (p=0.053). Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid were collected from all patients and used to identify Pneumocystis jirovecii. In both groups, metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were the most used diagnostic techniques. Within 28 days after the onset of PJP, mortality was significantly higher in the ICI group than non-ICI group (33.3% vs 0, p=0.042). Conclusion: Lung cancer patients with ICI use had a higher mortality rate after PJP infection than patients without ICI use. Prospective studies with larger sample size and a multi-center design are warranted to further verify the present results.

Evaluating the Protective Effectiveness of Rubber Glove Materials Against Organic Solvents Upon Repeated Exposure and Decontamination.

Background: Glove reuse poses risks, as chemicals can persist even after cleaning. Decontamination methods like thermal aeration, recommended by US OSHA, vary in effectiveness. Some studies show promising results, while others emphasize the importance of considering both permeation and tensile strength changes. This research advocates for informed glove reuse, emphasizing optimal thermal aeration temperatures and providing evidence to guide users in maintaining protection efficiency. Methods: The investigation evaluated Neoprene and Nitrile gloves (22 mils). Permeation tests with toluene and acetone adhered to American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) F739 standards. Decontamination optimization involved aeration at various temperatures. The experiment proceeded with a maximum of 22 re-exposure cycles. Tensile strength and elongation were assessed following ASTM D 412 protocols. Breakthrough time differences were statistically analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results: At room temperature, glove residuals decreased, and standardized breakthrough time (SBT)2 was significantly lower than SBT1, indicating reduced protection. Higher temperature decontamination accelerated residual removal, with ΔSBT (SBT2/SBT1) exceeding 100%, signifying restored protection. Tensile tests showed stable neoprene properties postdecontamination. Results underscore thermal aeration's efficacy for gloves reuse, emphasizing temperature's pivotal role. Findings recommend meticulous management strategies, especially post-breakthrough, to uphold glove-protective performance. Conclusions: Thermal aeration at 100°C for 1 hour proves effective, restoring protection without compromising glove strength. The study, covering twenty cycles, suggests safe glove reuse with proper decontamination, reducing costs significantly. However, limitations in chemical-glove combinations and exclusive focus on specific gloves caution against broad generalization. The absence of regulatory directives on glove reuse highlight the importance of informed selection and rigorous decontamination validation for workplace safety practices.

Acidity-activatable dynamic hybrid nanoplatforms derived from extracellular vesicles of M1 macrophages enhance cancer immunotherapy through synergistic triple immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy exhibits considerable promise for sustained tumor reduction. However, current cancer immunotherapy methods elicit limited responses due to the inadequate immunogenicity exhibited by cancer cells. This obstacle may be addressed using nanoplatforms that can activate synergistic therapies (photodynamic therapy and ferroptosis) in response to the acidic pH of the tumor microenvironment. We previously developed an amphiphilic photosensitizer, SR780, which displays satisfactory photodynamic effects. This photosensitizer is inactivated when bound to Fe3+ (SR780Fe) but is activated upon release in mildly acidic conditions. In this study, M1 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were fused with REV and SR780Fe-loaded liposomes (REV@SR780Fe@Lip) to form REV@SR780Fe@LEV hybrid nanovesicles. Further modification with the RS17 peptide for tumor targeting enabled a combination of photodynamic therapy, ferroptosis, and cGAS-STING pathway activation, resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy through a synergistic effect. Upon laser irradiation, REV@SR780Fe@LEV-RS17 demonstrated antitumor effects in 4T1 breast cancer models, including the inhibition of lung and liver metastasis, as well as prevention of tumor recurrence.

TGF-ß1 mediates hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells improved neural functional recovery in Parkinson's disease models and patients.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Activation of the neuroinflammatory response has a pivotal role in PD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for various nerve injuries, but there are limited reports on their use in PD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: We investigated the effects of clinical-grade hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa (hOM)-MSCs on neural functional recovery in both PD models and patients, as well as the preventive effects on mouse models of PD. To assess improvement in neuroinflammatory response and neural functional recovery induced by hOM-MSCs exposure, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) combined with full-length transcriptome isoform-sequencing (ISO-seq), and functional assay. Furthermore, we present the findings from an initial cohort of patients enrolled in a phase I first-in-human clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSC transplantation into severe PD patients. RESULTS: A functional assay identified that transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), secreted from hOM-MSCs, played a critical role in modulating mitochondrial function recovery in dopaminergic neurons. This effect was achieved through improving microglia immune regulation and autophagy homeostasis in the SN, which are closely associated with neuroinflammatory responses. Mechanistically, exposure to hOM-MSCs led to an improvement in neuroinflammation and neural function recovery partially mediated by TGF-ß1 via activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (ALK/PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in microglia located in the SN of PD patients. Furthermore, intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSCs improved the recovery of neurologic function and regulated the neuroinflammatory response without any adverse reactions observed in patients with PD. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide compelling evidence for the involvement of TGF-ß1 in mediating the beneficial effects of hOM-MSCs on neural functional recovery in PD. Treatment and prevention of hOM-MSCs could be a promising and effective neuroprotective strategy for PD. Additionally, TGF-ß1 may be used alone or combined with hOM-MSCs therapy for treating PD.

Very severe oligozoospermia with AZFc microdeletion patients may affect intracytoplasmic sperm injection clinical outcomes: A propensity score matching analysis.

Purpose: To explore whether spermatozoa from AZFc microdeletion patients affect their outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: Eighty-five patients with AZFc microdeletion were recruited. A control group of one hundred and forty patients with severe oligozoospermia but without AZF microdeletion was selected using propensity score matching analysis with a 1:2 nearest neighbor algorithm ratio. The ICSI outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results: AZFc microdeletion had lower rates of normal fertilization (73% vs. 80%, p = 0.17) and high-quality embryos (44% vs. 58%, p = 0.07) than the control group. There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and live birth rate between the two groups. When the sperm concentration was <1 million/mL, the AZFc microdeletion group exhibited lower rates of fertilization (71% vs. 80%, p = 0.03), high-quality embryo (44% vs. 58%, p = 0.02), clinical pregnancy (57% vs. 76%, p = 0.02), and live birth (49% vs. 72%, p = 0.01) than the control group. However, if sperm concentration was ≥1 million/mL, no significant differences were found. Conclusion: If the sperm concentration is <1 million/mL, AZFc microdeletion do have a detrimental effect on most outcomes of ICSI.

Genomic characteristics of adipose-derived stromal cells induced into neurons based on single-cell RNA sequencing.

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) can be induced to differentiate into neurons, representing the most promising avenue for cell therapy. However, the molecular mechanism and genomic characteristics of the differentiation of ADSCs into neurons remain poorly understood. In this study, cells from the adult ADSCs group, induction 1h, 3h, 5h, 6h, and 8h groups were selected for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). Samples from these seven-time points were sequenced and analyzed. The expression of neuron marker genes, including NES, MAP2, TMEM59L, PTK2B, CHN1, DNM1, NRSN2, FBLN2, SCAMP1, SLC1A1, DLG4, CDK5, and ENO2, was found to be low in the ADSCs group, but highly expressed in differentiated cell clusters. The expression of stem cell marker genes, including CCND1, IL1B, MMP1, MMP3, MYO10, and BMP2, was the highest in the ADSCs cluster. This expression decreased significantly with the extension of induction time. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of upregulated genes in the induced samples showed that the biological processes related to neuronal differentiation and development, such as neuronal differentiation, projection, and apoptosis, were significantly upregulated with a longer induction time during cell cluster differentiation. The results of the cell communication analysis demonstrated the gradual formation of complex neural network connections between ADSC-derived neurons through receptor and ligand pairs at 5h after the induction of differentiation.

Biometric-Tuned E-Skin Sensor with Real Fingerprints Provides Insights on Tactile Perception: Rosa Parks Had Better Surface Vibrational Sensation than Richard Nixon.

The dense mechanoreceptors in human fingertips enable texture discrimination. Recent advances in flexible electronics have created tactile sensors that effectively replicate slowly adapting (SA) and rapidly adapting (RA) mechanoreceptors. However, the influence of dermatoglyphic structures on tactile signal transmission, such as the effect of fingerprint ridge filtering on friction-induced vibration frequencies, remains unexplored. A novel multi-layer flexible sensor with an artificially synthesized skin surface capable of replicating arbitrary fingerprints is developed. This sensor simultaneously detects pressure (SA response) and vibration (RA response), enabling texture recognition. Fingerprint ridge patterns from notable historical figures - Rosa Parks, Richard Nixon, Martin Luther King Jr., and Ronald Reagan - are fabricated on the sensor surface. Vibration frequency responses to assorted fabric textures are measured and compared between fingerprint replicas. Results demonstrate that fingerprint topography substantially impacts skin-surface vibrational transmission. Specifically, Parks' fingerprint structure conveyed higher frequencies more clearly than those of Nixon, King, or Reagan. This work suggests individual fingerprint ridge morphological variation influences tactile perception and can confer adaptive advantages for fine texture discrimination. The flexible bioinspired sensor provides new insights into human vibrotactile processing by modeling fingerprint-filtered mechanical signals at the finger-object interface.

Epigenetics: Mechanisms, potential roles, and therapeutic strategies in cancer progression.

Mutations or abnormal expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to cause cancer. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications are key drivers of cancer development and progression. Nevertheless, the mechanistic role of epigenetic dysregulation in the tumor microenvironment is not fully understood. Here, we reviewed the role of epigenetic modifications of cancer cells and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment and recent research advances in cancer epigenetic drugs. In addition, we discussed the great potential of epigenetic combination therapies in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, there are still some challenges in the field of cancer epigenetics, such as epigenetic tumor heterogeneity, epigenetic drug heterogeneity, and crosstalk between epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, which may be the focus and difficulty of cancer treatment in the future. In conclusion, epigenetic modifications in the tumor microenvironment are essential for future epigenetic drug development and the comprehensive treatment of cancer. Epigenetic combination therapy may be a novel strategy for the future clinical treatment of cancer.

M6A modification in cardiovascular disease: With a focus on programmed cell death.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is one of the most predominant internal RNA modifications in eukaryotes and has become a hot spot in the field of epigenetics in recent years. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally. Emerging evidence demonstrates that RNA modifications, such as the m6A modification, are associated with the development and progression of many diseases, including CVDs. An increasing body of studies has indicated that programmed cell death (PCD) plays a vital role in CVDs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying m6A modification and PCD in CVDs remain poorly understood. Herein, elaborating on the highly complex connections between the m6A mechanisms and different PCD signaling pathways and clarifying the exact molecular mechanism of m6A modification mediating PCD have significant meaning in developing new strategies for the prevention and therapy of CVDs. There is great potential for clinical application.