The investigation of GSTP1, APC and RASSF1 gene promoter hypermethylation in urine DNA of prostate-diseased patients.

OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer (PCa) represents one of the most complicated human tumors and, like many others malignancies, arises from progressive genetic and epigenetic alterations. Among all recognized epigenetic alterations, aberrant DNA methylation (hypo- and hypermethylation) is the most important and the best characterized change in PCa. BACKGROUND: We analyzed GSTP1, APC and RASSF1 gene promoter hypermethylation in urine DNA of ten previously non-treated prostate-diseased patients. METHODS: For the purpose, the quantitative real-time methylation specific PCR (MSP) with primers designed for amplification of methylated bisulfite-converted human DNA, followed by melting procedure, was currently optimized. RESULTS: GSTP1 gene promoter hypermethylation was detected in 2 and 1 out of 5 patients with biopsy-confirmed PCa using the primers covering the 3´ and 5´ CpG regions of the promoter, respectively. The APC gene promoter hypermethylation was found in neither of PCa or non-PCa patients and the RASSFI gene promoter hypermethylation was found in some non-PCa and not in all PCa patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that GSTP1 gene promoter hypermethylation can be detected in urine DNA of PCa patients with real-time MSP followed by melting. This enables evaluation of its potential as a useful biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 9).

Serum level of IGFBP3 and IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio in addition to PSA and single nucleotide polymorphism in PSA and CYP17 gene may contribute to early diagnostics of prostate cancer.

The aim of the paper is to determine whether IGF1, IGFBP3 and IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio in addition to PSA and one-nucleotide polymorphism in PSA and CYP17 gene might contribute to early diagnostics of prostate cancer (PCa). Serum level of PSA, IGF1 and IGFBP3 in the group of 158 individuals (92 PCa and 66 controls) was examined by RIA method and IGF1/IGFBP3 was calculated. PCR RLFP method was used to examine one- nucleotide polymorphism in PSA and CYP 17 gene. The results suggest that serum level of IGF1 over 95% CI did not increase relative risk of PCa development in overall group, not even regarding to particular investigated genotypes, not even if individuals with genotype AG+A1A1, AG+A1A2, GG+A1A1 and GG+A1A2 were evaluated. Serum level of IGFBP3 under 95% CI increased PCa relative risk in overall group(chi(2) = 10,03, p= 0,001, OR 3,12, 95% CI 1,44-6,93), as well as regarding to one-nucleotide polymorphism in individuals with PSA genotype AG(chi(2) = 4,72 p= 0,029, OR 2,87, 95% CI 01,09-7,49) and CYP 17 genotype A1A1(chi(2) = 3,76 p= 0,052, OR 2,57, 95% CI 0,97-6,75). The association between frequencies of occurrence of PCa and higher IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio was not confirmed, nor for gene polymorphism in PSA and CYP17, however OR (chi(2) = 1,58, p= 0,208, OR 1,67, 95% CI 0,75-3,71) was more than 1, nor in combination AG+A1A1,AG+ A1A2. Serum level of IGFBP3 and IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio in addition to PSA and gene polymorphism in PSA and CYP17 gene might contribute to early diagnostics of PCa. Further research is needed to prove, whether serum level of IGFBP3 in addition to PSA determines the prognosis and progression of PCa.

[Long-term results of retropubic vesicopexy in the treatment of urinary stress incontinence in women]. / Dlhodobé výsledky retropubickej vezikopexie v liecbe stresovej inkontinence mocu u zien.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term results of retropubic vesicopexy (e.g. direct suspension of the anterior and lateral walls of the bladder base) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) caused by hypermobile urethra. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P. J. Safarik, Kosice, Slovakia. METHODS: From a total of 44 females operated on between 1985-1992, 41 (93%) were available for the study (mean age 50 years, 28 pure SUI, 13 mixed incontinence). 18 (44%) patients had failed previous incontinence surgery. Based on the data collected by a detailed questionnaire as a success cure and/or significant improvement (max. 1 pad/day) of SUI have been considered. RESULTS: With a mean of 103 month follow-up period (48-160 months), 32 (78%) patients reported to have their SUI cured, another 5 (12%) significantly improved. Both persistent (8/13, 62%) and de novo urge incontinence (5/28, 18%) have shown to the main reasons for "partial" satisfaction only with the outcome of surgery. Perioperative bleeding requiring blood transfusion was the only serious complication met with this procedure (2 patients). CONCLUSION: Long-term results of vesicopexy is comparable with the effect of standard retropubic procedures like Burch colposuspension or MMK urethropexy. Technical simplicity, no risk of osteitis pubis as well as persisting micturition problems may be considered the main advantages of the procedure. Because of lower cure rate the procedure is less suitable for SUI type IIB.

[Urologic complications in sacrococcygeal agenesis]. / Urologické komplikácie sakrokokcygeálnej agenézy.

In 11 children with partial sacrococcygeal agenesis without concurrent patent cystic myelomeningocele clinical symptoms were analyzed as well as the character of dysfunction of the bladder and therapeutic results. The cause of urinary incontinence, which was a constant symptom, was not diagnosed correctly in six children. Due to impaired innervation, mostly of the supranuclear type, the bladder dysfunction had more frequently the character of impaired evacuation (8 children) always with obstruction of the flow at the level of the external sphincter. Areflexia of the detrusor was found in three children. In this group changes of the upper urinary pathways were found in four children (three times unilateral reflux, twice dilated ureters, twice also pyelonephritis), always in conjunction with a bladder of low compliance. The impaired storage of urine found in three children was due to hyperreflexia of the bladder. After surgery (three children), conservative treatment (8 children) and their combination progression of changes of the upper urinary pathways was arrested and the degree of incontinence improved or was completed relieved during the 18-78-month follow-up of all patients. Extirpation of the associated subcutaneous lipomyelomeningocele and release of the attached spinal cord in three children aged 5, 10 and 12 years did not lead to improvement of the nervous lesion in any of the patients.

[Renal oncocytoma and its morphology, diagnosis and therapy]. / Onkocytóm oblicky a jeho morfológia, diagnostika a liecba.

Oncocytoma includes 3-5% of all renal tumors. It does not manifest itself by typical symptoms and often is diagnostically confirmed in coincidence with examinations of other diseases. The preoperative diagnosis of oncocytoma is difficult. Oncocytoma must be taken into consideration in cases of bilateral multilocular tumors of the kidney. Neither RTG, USG and CT examinations, nor angiography give the specific picture of oncocytoma. One of the possibilities of diagnosis confirmation is the peroperative biopsy. If the latter confirms the diagnosis, then according to possibilities, operation with maintenance of unimpaired renal parenchyme should be performed. The prognosis of the disease is good and depends on the stage of cellular differentiation of tumor. The study presents observations of 4 patients subdued to surgery at the Urologic Clinic FHwP in Kosice since 1981 to 1990. The patients survive without metastases for 3-4 years.