Comparative Immunohistochemical Analysis of p53 and Alpha-SMA in Ameloblastoma, AOT and OKC.

OBJECTIVES: Ameloblastoma is a benign but highly infiltrative tumour, a behaviour that is lacking in adenomatoid odontogenic tumour but partly shared by the odontogenic keratocyst which possesses a unique intrinsic growth potential with marked ability for destroying bone and a high tendency recurrence. High frequency of stromal myofibroblasts (assessed with alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) correlates with aggressive behaviour while p53-cell cycle regulation system is critical in odontogenic tumours with immunoreactivity signifying prognostic status. This study aims to determine and compare the immunoreactivity of these selected tumours to p53 and α-SMA in order to establish if a relationship exists between the frequency and pattern of distribution of myofibroblasts and the behaviour of these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 69 blocks of ameloblastoma, and 23 each of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC/KCOT) were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry technique was applied for evaluation of these two markers staining with primary antibodies to p53 and -SMA and the frequency and pattern of distribution of myofibroblasts and immunoreactivity to p53 analysed and compared using ANOVA. p was set at <0.05. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunoreactivity to p53 and α-SMA was highest in ameloblastoma (solid compared to unicystic) with highest mean positive cells to α-SMA (29.7±20.1) and p53 (28.3±24.5) in plexiform ameloblastoma. This suggests that ameloblastoma was the most aggressive of tumours studied. Different pharmacological agents that can regulate stromal MF are useful aids to decrease the need for radical surgery in extensive and aggressive odontogenic tumours.

ABSTRAIT OBJECTIFS: L'améloblastome est bénin mais untumeur mes infiltratif, un comportement qui fait défaut dans la tumeur odontogénique adénomatoïde mais en partie partagé par le kératocyste odontogène qui possède un potentiel de croissance intrinsèque unique avec une capacité marquée de destructionet une récidive à forte tendance. Haute fréquence de stromalmyofibroblastes (évalués avec de l'actine musculaire alpha lisse (α-SMA) est en corrélation avec un comportement agressif lors de la régulation du cycle des cellules p53 est essentiel dans les tumeurs odontogènes immunoréactives signifiant le statut pronostique. Cette étude vise à déterminer et comparer activité l'immunoré de ces tumeurs sélectionnées à p53 et α-SMA afin d'établir s'il existe une relation entre le fréquence et schéma de distribution des myofibroblastes et de la comportement de ces lésions. MATÉRIAUX ET MÉTHODES: 69 blocs d'améloblastome, et 23 chacun de tumeur odontogénique adénomatoïde (AOT) et odontogènedes kératocystes (OKC/KCOT) ont été récupérés. Immunohistochimiela technique a été appliquée pour l'évaluation de ces deux marqueurs de coloration avec des anticorps primaires dirigés contre p53 et α-SMA et la fréquence et schéma de distribution des myofibroblastes et de l'immunoréactivité àp53 analysé et comparé à l'aide de l'ANOVA. p a été fixé à <0,05. RÉSULTATS ET CONCLUSION: Immuno réactivité à p53 et α-SMA était la plus élevée dans l'améloblastome (solide par rapport α-SMA (29,7±20,1) et p53(28,3±24,5) dans l'améloblastome plexiforme. Cela suggère que L'améloblastome était la tumeur la plus agressive étudiée. Les agents pharmacologiques différentes peuvent réguler la MF stromale sont des aides utiles pour diminuer le besoin de chirurgie radicale en cas de chirurgie étendue et agressive tumeurs odontogènes. Mots-clés: Améloblastome, AOT, OKC/KCOT, p53, α-SMA, myofibroblastes, tumeurs odontogènes, immunoréactivité.

Variation of Permanent Teeth Crowns in Three Nigerian Ethnic Populations.

BACKGROUND: Tooth variation within populations is important for anthropologists and dentists. The objective was to compare crown dimensions among three Nigerian ethnic populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic caliper was used to measure mesiodistal and buccolingual tooth width of maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth except third molars from study casts of 132 Nigerian subjects with a mean age of 19.03 ± 4.27 years. The Hausa sample was 50 (37.9%) subjects (25 males and 25 females); the Yoruba population was 50 (37.9%) subjects (15 males and 35 females) and the Igbo sample was 32 (24.2%) subjects (16 males and 16 females). Single teeth and sums of groups of teeth were compared between males and females within and among the three populations using analysis of variance. RESULTS: The findings indicated that (1) differences between antimeres are of small magnitude and of no statistical significance; (2) Significant gender differences in tooth dimension was observed with Yoruba and Hausa males having significantly larger teeth but a significant gender difference was only observed for mesiodistal width of the maxillary second molars in the Igbo population; (3) there is a greater similarity among Yoruba and Igbo subjects with differences from their Hausa counterparts with a magnitude considered statistically and clinically significant. CONCLUSION: The crown dimensions of Hausa males and females were significantly smaller than their Yoruba and Igbo counterparts. There were similarities in crown dimensions between Yoruba males and females and their Igbo counterparts. Sexual dimorphism of crown size was observed in the three ethnic groups.

CONTEXTE: La variation incisive dans une population est tres important chez les anthropologues et les dentiste. L'objective de cet oeuvre c'est de comparer les dimensions des couronnes parmi les trios populations ethniques du Nigeria. MATERIEL ET METHODES: Une coulisse electronique a ete utilise pour measure la mesiodistale et le largeur des dents buccolingue de maxilaire et mandibulaire des dents permanent excepte le 3eme molaire, d'apres l'etude sur 132 Nigerians avec un age moyen de 19.03 ± 4.27 ans.L'echantillon des Haoussas etaient 50 (37.9%) sujets (25 males et 25 femelles); la population des Yoruobas etaient 50 (37.9%) sujets (15 males et 5 femmes) et l'echantillon des Igbos etaient 32 (24.2%) sujets (16 males et 16 femmes) des dents individuels et le total de groupe de dents a ete compare entre les hommes et les femmes des trois populations utilisant l' analyse de variance. RESULTATS: Le resultat a indique que (1) les differences entre les antimeres sont de peu magnitude et n'ont pas de signification statistique; (2) La signification de difference de gendre dans la dimension de dent a ete observe chez les males Yoruoba et les males Hauossa qui ont des dents plus large mais une difference de gendre significative a ete observe seulment pour le largeur mesiodistal du second molaire maxillaire dans la population des Igbos ; (3) il y a une grand similarite entre les sujets Yoruobas et Igbos en comparaison a leurs voisin Haoussa avec une magnitude considere statistiquement et cliniquement significative. CONCLUSION: Les dimensions des couronnes des dents de males et femmes Hauossa etaient plus petit en comparaison aux Yoruoba et Igbo . Il y avaient des similarities dans la dimension de couronne des males et femmes Yoruoba et les Igbo . Le dimorphisme sexual de la taille de couronne a ete observe dans les trios groupes ethniques. Most cle: La difference de gendre; l'Anatomie dentaire; Le Nigeria; La population genetique.

Impact of oral hygiene and socio-demographic factors on dental caries in a suburban population in Nigeria.

AIM: This was to determine dental caries determinants in the study participants. METHODOLOGY: This was a secondary data study extracted from primary data through a school-based study that recruited students from primary and secondary schools in a suburban population in Nigeria. The variables included age, gender, socio-economic status, oral hygiene status, type of parenting, birth rank, family size and presence of dental caries. The diagnosis of dental caries was based on the World Health Oral Health Survey recommendations while oral hygiene was determined using simplified-oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Data was analysed using STATA version 13, statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries for the study population was 12.2%, DMFT and dmft were 0.16 and 0.06 respectively. Children within age groups 11-13 and 14-16 years had reduced chances of having dental caries (P = 0.01; P = 0.01); children with fair oral hygiene and poor oral hygiene had increased odds of having dental caries (P ≤ 0.001; P ≤ 0.001), last child of the family also had increased odds of having dental caries while children from large family size had reduced odds of having dental caries. This study also showed that first permanent molars and second primary molars were mostly affected by dental caries but there was no significant difference between distribution of the maxillary or mandibular jaw or between right and left quadrants. CONCLUSION: Age, oral hygiene, birth rank and family size were the significant determinants of dental caries in the study population and the teeth mostly affected were first permanent molars and second primary molars.

Two case reports on Mandibular metastases.

Metastatic tumours of the oral cavity are not common. The most common site for bone metastases in the head and neck region is the mandible. Metastatic lesion of the mandible most commonly originate from the lungs in men and breast in women, and these lesions (or tumours) usually are carcinomas rather than sarcomas. We report two cases of metastatic lesions in the mandible: (1) A 19year old male with right mandibular swelling and a nodular swelling in the distal two-third of the right tibia. Radiograghs revealed sclerotic lesion with a sunburst appearance in both the jaw and tibia. Histology of the jaw lesion confirmed a metastatic osteosarcoma of the mandible. (2) A 51year old female with a right mandibular swelling with associated swelling in the anterior neck, right shoulder and right parietal region of the skull. Computerised tomography scan (CT) of the jaws showed an osteolytic lesion of the right mandible. CT scan of the brain also showed a large lytic lesion seen in the posterior aspect of the right parietal bone. Histology of the jaw mass confirmed a metastatic follicular carcinoma from the thyroid. Mandibular metastasis may be the first presenting feature of underlying occult malignancy of another primary site. Therefore, clinicians should maintain a high level of suspicion while evaluating patients with a history of cancer presenting with oral lesions.