[Anti-inflammatory effect and its mechanism of Saracae Cortex based on zebrafish model and network pharmacology].

This paper aims to explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Saracae Cortex by using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods and verify it through the inflammation model of zebrafish. The effective components, potential core targets, and signaling pathways of Saracae Cortex were obtained by using network pharmacology. A lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced inflammation model of zebrafish was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract and 70% ethanol extract of Saracae Cortex with cell apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species(ROS) production rate as indicators. q PCR was performed to verify the main targets predicted by network pharmacology. The prediction found that there were 121 potential anti-inflammatory targets in Saracae Cortex. Protein-protein interaction(PPI) analysis showed that Saracae Cortex mainly acted on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor A( VEGFA), epidermal growth factor( EGF), tumor necrosis factor( TNF),tumor protein p53(TP53), matrix metalloprotein 9(MMP9), c-fos proto-oncogene protein(FOS), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), cx-c motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8), cluster of differentiation 8(CD8), and other targets. Gene Ontology(GO) analysis showed the biological process mainly acted on the inhibition of apoptosis, the positive regulation of gene expression, and the positive regulation of cell proliferation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1) signaling pathway may play a key role in anti-inflammation of Saracae Cortex. Molecular docking verified that five key compounds had a strong binding force with their corresponding core target. Zebrafish animal experiments showed that Saracae Cortex could significantly inhibit ROS formation and reduce cell apoptosis in juvenile fish caused by inflammation and inhibit the further enhancement of inflammatory response in tissue. In addition, compared with the blank group, the transcription levels of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB), TP53, FOS, adaptor protein complex-1(AP-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinases P38(P38) were significantly up-regulated in the model group. Compared with the model group, the m RNA expression of NF-κB, TP53, FOS, AP-1, and P38 was significantly down-regulated in zebrafish tissue treated with aqueous extract and 70% ethanol extract of Saracae Cortex. Saracae Cortex plays an anti-inflammatory role through multiple components and targets, and its anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Advancements in Biosensors for Point-of-Care Testing of Nucleic Acid.

Rapid, low-cost and high-specific diagnosis based on nucleic acid detection is pivotal in both detecting and controlling various infectious diseases, effectively curbing their spread. Moreover, the analysis of circulating DNA in whole blood has emerged as a promising noninvasive strategy for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Although traditional nucleic acid detection methods are reliable, their time-consuming and intricate processes restrict their application in rapid field assays. Consequently, an urgent emphasis on point-of-care testing (POCT) of nucleic acids has arisen. POCT enables timely and efficient detection of specific sequences, acting as a deterrent against infection sources and potential tumor threats. To address this imperative need, it is essential to consolidate key aspects and chart future directions in POCT biosensors development. This review aims to provide an exhaustive and meticulous analysis of recent advancements in POCT devices for nucleic acid diagnosis. It will comprehensively compare these devices across crucial dimensions, encompassing their integrated structures, the synthesized nanomaterials harnessed, and the sophisticated detection principles employed. By conducting a rigorous evaluation of the current research landscape, this review will not only spotlight achievements but also identify limitations, offering valuable insights into the future trajectory of nucleic acid POCT biosensors. Through this comprehensive analysis, the review aspires to serve as an indispensable guide for fostering the development of more potent biosensors, consequently fostering precise and efficient POCT applications for nucleic acids.

Timing theory integrated nursing combined behavior change integrated theory of nursing on primiparous influence.

BACKGROUND: The comprehension and utilization of timing theory and behavior change can offer a more extensive and individualized provision of support and treatment alternatives for primipara. This has the potential to enhance the psychological well-being and overall quality of life for primipara, while also furnishing healthcare providers with efficacious interventions to tackle the psychological and physiological obstacles encountered during the stages of pregnancy and postpartum. AIM: To explore the effect of timing theory combined with behavior change on self-efficacy, negative emotions and quality of life in patients with primipara. METHODS: A total of 80 primipara cases were selected and admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and May 2022. These cases were divided into two groups, namely the observation group and the control group, with 40 cases in each group. The nursing interventions differed between the two groups, with the control group receiving routine nursing and the observation group receiving integrated nursing based on the timing theory and behavior change. The study aimed to compare the pre- and post-nursing scores of Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), breast milk knowledge, self-efficacy, and SF-36 quality of life in both groups. RESULTS: After nursing, the CPSS, EPDS, and SAS scores of the two groups was significantly lower than that before nursing, and the CPSS, EPDS, and SAS scores of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P = 0.002, P = 0.011, and P = 0.001 respectively). After nursing, the breastfeeding knowledge mastery, self-efficacy, and SF-36 quality of life scores was significantly higher than that before nursing, and the breastfeeding knowledge mastery (P = 0.013), self-efficacy (P = 0.008), and SF-36 quality of life (P = 0.011) scores of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The integration of timing theory and behavior change integrated theory has been found to be an effective approach in alleviating negative mood and stress experienced by primipara individuals, while also enhancing their self-efficacy and overall quality of life. This study focuses on the key concepts of timing theory, behavior change, primipara individuals, negative mood, and quality of life.

Clinical nursing value of predictive nursing in reducing complications of pregnant women undergoing short-term massive blood transfusion during cesarean section.

BACKGROUND: Cesarean hemorrhage is one of the serious complications, and short-term massive blood transfusion can easily cause postoperative infection and physical stress response. However, predictive nursing intervention has important clinical significance for it. AIM: To explore the effect of predictive nursing intervention on the stress response and complications of women undergoing short-term mass blood transfusion during cesarean section (CS). METHODS: A clinical medical record of 100 pregnant women undergoing rapid mass blood transfusion during sections from June 2019 to June 2021. According to the different nursing methods, patients divided into control group (n = 50) and observation group (n = 50). Among them, the control group implemented routine nursing, and the observation group implemented predictive nursing intervention based on the control group. Moreover, compared the differences in stress response, complications, and pain scores before and after the nursing of pregnant women undergoing rapid mass blood transfusion during CS. RESULTS: The anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women in the two groups were significantly improved after nursing, and the psychological stress response of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the observation group during delivery were lower than those of the control group, and the MAP at the end of delivery was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, different pain scores improved significantly in both groups, with the observation group considerably less than the control group (P < 0.05). After nursing, complications such as skin rash, urinary retention, chills, diarrhea, and anaphylactic shock in the observation group were 18%, which significantly higher than in the control group (4%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Predictive nursing intervention can effectively relieve the pain, reduce the incidence of complications, improve mood and stress response, and serve as a reference value for the nursing of women undergoing rapid mass transfusion during CS.

Platinum Black/Gold Nanoparticles/Polyaniline Modified Electrochemical Microneedle Sensors for Continuous In Vivo Monitoring of pH Value.

Continuous in vivo monitoring (CIVM) of pH value is essential for personalized medicine, as many diseases are closely related to acid-base imbalances. However, conventional pH meters are limited in their ability to perform CIVM due to excessive blood consumption, large device volume, frequent calibration, and inadequate real-time monitoring. There is thus an urgent need for a portable method for CIVM of pH value. To address this need, we propose a minimally invasive, continuous monitoring solution in the form of an implantable pH microneedle sensor (MNS) in this study. The MNS is based on the integration of an acupuncture needle (AN) and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. We fabricate the sensor by electrochemically depositing platinum black and gold nanoparticles onto the AN and further modifying it with polyaniline to increase its sensitivity to hydrogen ions. The pH value is obtained by calculating the open circuit voltage between the modified AN and the reference electrode. The resulting MNS demonstrates excellent selectivity and a high nernstian response to pH (-57.4 mV per pH) over a broad range (pH = 4.0 to pH = 9.0). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have verified the performance of the sensor, showcasing its potential for biomedical research and clinical practice. The MNS provides an alternative to conventional pH meters, offering a less invasive and more convenient way to perform CIVM of pH value. Moreover, this electrochemical implantable sensor based on AN and silver wires provides a simple and sensitive method for continuous in vivo detection of other biomarkers.

Personalized 3D-Printed Scaffolds with Multiple Bioactivities for Bioroot Regeneration.

Recent advances in 3D printing offer a prospective avenue for producing transplantable human tissues with complex geometries; however, the appropriate 3D-printed scaffolds possessing the biological compatibility for tooth regeneration remain unidentified. This study proposes a personalized scaffold of multiple bioactivities, including induction of stem cell proliferation and differentiation, biomimetic mineralization, and angiogenesis. A brand-new bioink system comprising a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer is developed and reinforced with extracellular matrix generated from dentin tissue (treated dentin matrix, TDM). Adding TDM optimizes physical properties including microstructure, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength of the scaffolds. Proteomics analysis reveals that the released proteins of the 3D-printed TDM scaffolds relate to multiple biological processes and interact closely with each other. Additionally, 3D-printed TDM scaffolds establish a favorable microenvironment for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. The 3D-printed TDM scaffolds are proangiogenic and facilitate whole-thickness vascularization of the graft in a subcutaneous model. Notably, the personalized TDM scaffold combined with dental follicle cells mimics the anatomy and physiology of the native tooth root three months after in situ transplantation in beagles. The remarkable in vitro and in vivo outcomes suggest that the 3D-printed TDM scaffolds have multiple bioactivities and immense clinical potential for tooth-loss therapy.

The impact of pandemic on dynamic volatility spillover network of international stock markets.

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, several pandemics, including SARS and COVID-19, have spread faster and on a broader scale. Not only do they harm people's health, but they can also cause significant damage to the global economy within a short period of time. This study uses the infectious disease EMV tracker index to investigate the impact of pandemics on the volatility spillover effects of global stock markets. Spillover index model estimation is conducted using the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive approach, and the maximum spanning tree and threshold filtering techniques are combined to construct the dynamic network of volatility spillovers. The conclusion from the dynamic network is that when a pandemic occurs, the total volatility spillover effect increases sharply. In particular, the total volatility spillover effect historically peaked during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, when pandemics occur, the density of the volatility spillover network increases, while the diameter of the network decreases. This indicates that global financial markets are increasingly interconnected, speeding up the transmission of volatility information. The empirical results further reveal that volatility spillovers among international markets have a significant positive correlation with the severity of a pandemic. The study's findings are expected to help investors and policymakers understand volatility spillovers during pandemics.

PPAR-γ activation promotes xenogenic bioroot regeneration by attenuating the xenograft induced-oxidative stress.

Xenogenic organ transplantation has been considered the most promising strategy in providing possible substitutes with the physiological function of the failing organs as well as solving the problem of insufficient donor sources. However, the xenograft, suffered from immune rejection and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), causes massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression and the subsequent cell apoptosis, leading to the xenograft failure. Our previous study found a positive role of PPAR-γ in anti-inflammation through its immunomodulation effects, which inspires us to apply PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) to address survival issue of xenograft with the potential to eliminate the excessive ROS. In this study, xenogenic bioroot was constructed by wrapping the dental follicle cells (DFC) with porcine extracellular matrix (pECM). The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced DFC was pretreated with RSG to observe its protection on the damaged biological function. Immunoflourescence staining and transmission electron microscope were used to detect the intracellular ROS level. SD rat orthotopic transplantation model and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) knockout mice subcutaneous transplantation model were applied to explore the regenerative outcome of the xenograft. It showed that RSG pretreatment significantly reduced the adverse effects of H2O2 on DFC with decreased intracellular ROS expression and alleviated mitochondrial damage. In vivo results confirmed RSG administration substantially enhanced the host's antioxidant capacity with reduced osteoclasts formation and increased periodontal ligament-like tissue regeneration efficiency, maximumly maintaining the xenograft function. We considered that RSG preconditioning could preserve the biological properties of the transplanted stem cells under oxidative stress (OS) microenvironment and promote organ regeneration by attenuating the inflammatory reaction and OS injury.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma preserves intracellular homeostasis of insulin-resistant periodontal ligament stem cells.

Background: Diabetes and periodontitis develop and influence each other. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone (RSG) controls blood glucose and hence the systemic diseases associated with diabetes by increasing the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. However, whether and how RSG can treat diabetic periodontitis is poorly understood. Methods: Insulin-resistant periodontal ligament stem cells (IR-PDLSCs) were induced by glucosamine (18 mM, 24 h) in the presence or absence of RSG or GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist). The glucose uptake rate was tested to evaluate insulin sensitivity. A scratch test was carried out to measure cell proliferation and motility. We used 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DFCH-DA) and JC-1 kits to detect oxidative stress (OS), and cytoskeleton staining and Calcein-AM/PI kits were used to determine cell viability. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) ELISA kits were used to evaluate inflammation levels. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) analysis were used to assess the expression of osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation-related genes or proteins. Results: Our results showed that RSG exhibited a protective effect on IR-PDLSCs, with increased insulin sensitivity and migration efficiency, an alleviation of glucosamine-induced OS, and a downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion through activation of PPARγ receptors. Moreover, RSG alleviated the suppressed odontogenic differentiation ability of IR-PDLSCs. Conclusions: RSG preserves the biological functions of IR-PDLSCs in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by increasing insulin sensitivity, reducing OS, and suppressing inflammation.

Residue, dissipation and dietary intake risk assessment of tolfenpyrad in four leafy green vegetables under greenhouse conditions.

A novel and accurate analytical method for the determination of tolfenpyrad in four leafy green vegetables, Brassica bara L., Spinacia oleracea L., Lactuca sativa L. and Brassica chinensis L., was developed and applied to investigate the residue distribution and dietary risk under greenhouse conditions. The established approach was determined to be adequate, with recoveries of 79.2%-92.9% and relative standard deviations < 8%. Tolfenpyrad dissipated relatively rapidly in four leafy green vegetables. Terminal residues of tolfenpyrad were below 0.5 mg/kg (maximum residue limit for Brassica bara L. set by China) in leafy green vegetables collected 28 d after the last application. Due to risk quotient values < 100%, the residue levels of tolfenpyrad in leafy green vegetables collected 21 days after the last application were deemed safe for consumers. The results provide field data for the reasonable use and dietary risk assessment of tolfenpyrad in leafy green vegetables.

Enantioselective hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid in different aquatic environments - evaluation of influencing factors.

The hydrolysis and photolysis of the chiral fungicide mandipropamid were investigated, and the potential enantioselectivity of mandipropamid in solutions was further assessed. The aqueous solutions were filtered and directly injected into the liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In the hydrolysis experiments, mandipropamid enantiomers hydrolyzed slowly in aquatic solutions with half-lives > 200 days; nevertheless, rise of the pH and incubation temperature could increase the hydrolysis rates more than 1.1 times (half-lives decreased from 495.1 to 216.6 days). Compared with the hydrolysis results, photolysis was found to be the main degradation pathway for mandipropamid in different solutions (half-lives < 14 h, except in pH = 5.05 buffer solution). Organic solvents were able to accelerate the photolysis of mandipropamid, but acidic solutions and the addition of flavonoids or inorganic salts significantly inhibited the photolysis of mandipropamid. During the hydrolysis and photolysis processes, the configuration of mandipropamid enantiomers was stable and five possible transformation products were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. Due to the enantiomeric fraction values > 0.5, the hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid were enantioselective, and S-( +)-mandipropamid preferentially disspated in certain aqueous solutions. The systematic evaluation of the hydrolysis and photolysis of mandipropamid enantiomers may provide more accurate data for better assessment of environmental and ecological risks in aquatic ecosystems.

Dissipation, residue, stereoselectivity and dietary risk assessment of penthiopyrad and metabolite PAM on cucumber and tomato in greenhouse and field.

Penthiopyrad is a broad-spectrum fungicide with wide application in agriculture with preferential degradation of the S (+)-stereoisomer in soil. An understanding of the stereoselective fate of penthiopyrad is crucial for accurate food safety risk assessment. In this study, the dissipation, distribution, and dietary intake risk of penthiopyrad and its main metabolite (PAM) was conducted in cucumber and tomato samples under greenhouse and open field conditions. The half-lives of penthiopyrad in cucumber and tomato samples were < 8 days and the dissipation rates were higher in the open field than in the greenhouse. Due to the enantiomeric fraction data > 0.5, S (+)-stereoisomer dissipated slightly faster than R-(-)-stereoisomer. The residues of total penthiopyrad (sum of rac-penthiopyrad and PAM) were lower than the maximum residue limits in cucumber and tomato samples (risk quotients â‰ª 100%). Therefore, the recommended penthiopyrad spraying method does not threaten vegetable cultivations and has negligible dietary intake risk.

To Systematically Evaluate and Analyze the Efficacy and Safety of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in the Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer.

The efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are systematically evaluated in the treatment of primary liver cancer, which provides a reference for clinical practice and more in-depth research. Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Data, supplemented by other searches, collected all randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing TACE combined with TACE alone for HCC. The meta-analysis, after selecting the literature, extracting data, and evaluating the methodological quality of the included studies following the inclusion criteria, was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. There was statistical difference in 3-year survival rate of TACE combined with heat treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 1.72,95%CI (1.22,2.41), P=0.002, I2 = 0%, and Z = 3.12), total effective rate (OR = 1.91,95%CI (1.31,2.78), P=0.0008, I2 = 0%, and Z = 3.37), quality-of-life improvement rate (OR = 2.29,95%CI (1.62,3.23), P < 0.00001, I2 = 83%, and Z = 3.37), and complication rate (OR = 2.29,95%CI (1.62,3.23), P < 0.00001, I2 = 83%, and Z = 3.37). Compared with TACE alone, TACE combined with hyperthermia can significantly improve the survival rate and recent efficacy of patients, improve the quality of life, and have a trend to reduce the incidence of toxicity. However, its long-term efficacy and more comprehensive safety need to be verified by more sample and high-quality RCT.

Camouflage treatment guided by facial improvement in hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion.

Background: To detect parameters associated with the craniomaxillofacial system that could be altered during hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion camouflage treatment for better profile improvement. Methods: Forty-two subjects with hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion who had finished their orthodontic treatments and achieved good soft tissue responses were included in this study. Cephalometric analyses of these patients were taken before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. Measurements were made at each treatment stage and analyzed within and between groups. Results: No obvious decrease in the cant of occlusal plane (OP) (the line of point L1 and point L7) and mandibular plane (MP) was observed. However, an obvious decrease in the cant of the posterior occlusal plane (POP) and the angle of plane NA and plane NB (ANB) and a significant increase in the distance from the condylar center (Dc) to OP (DPO) were observed in the subjects (P<0.05). Conclusions: Decreased POP canting and increased DPO values play a vital role in profile improvement. Sagittal discrepancies might be considerably alleviated by a decreasing ANB angle [especially the sella nasion A point (SNA) angle]. Therefore, to attain a successful camouflage treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion, treatment should be targeted towards finding an alternative to control POP canting, including reducing crowding in the posterior arch, as well as modifying and intruding molars to an upright and lower position.

Enantioselective evaluation of the chiral fungicide mandipropamid: Dissipation, distribution and potential dietary intake risk in tomato, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and cowpea.

A chiral analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of mandipropamid enantiomers in tomato, cucumber, Chinese cabbage and cowpea. The linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (recovery: 73.8-106%) and precision (relative standard deviation: < 11%) were adequate for the detection of mandipropamid enantiomers in four vegetables. Field trials were further conducted to investigate the dissipation and residue distribution of mandipropamid and the possible enantioselectivity in different vegetables. Due to the shorter half-lives, mandipropamid dissipated more rapidly in Chinese cabbage (1.8-2.0 d) and cowpea (1.6-2.4 d) than in tomato (5.0-8.4 d) and cucumber (2.4-5.5 d). The residues of mandipropamid were 45-179 µg/kg in tomato 14 d at low dose, 48-98 µg/kg in cucumber 7 d after spraying twice at low dose, and < 2.5-1942 µg/kg in Chinese cabbage and cowpea in all treatments, which were below the maximum residue limits of mandipropamid set by the European Union and Codex Alimentarius Commission. Enantioselectivity was observed during the mandipropamid dissipation process in four vegetables. The S-(+)-enantiomer dissipated more rapidly than the R-(-)-enantiomer in tomato and Chinese cabbage (enantiomeric fractions > 0.5). For cucumber and cowpea, the dissipation of the R-enantiomer was preferential (enantiomeric fractions < 0.5). According to the risk quotient data (<< 100%), the residues of mandipropamid in four vegetables were safe for Chinese consumers. This study could provide useful information for the dissipation fate and residue distribution of mandipropamid in vegetables at the enantiomer level and offer some guidance for the dietary intake risk evaluation of mandipropamid in vegetables.

Physiological and pathological roles of Ang II and Ang- (1-7) in the female reproductive system.

The local Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) has been demonstrated to exist in a wide range of tissues and organs, In the female reproductive system, it is mainly found in the ovary, uterus and placenta. The RAS system is made up of a series of active substances and enzymes, in addition to the circulating endocrine renin-angiotensin system. The active peptides Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), in particular, appear to have distinct activities in the local RAS system, which also controls blood pressure and electrolytes. Therefore, in addition to these features, angiotensin and its receptors in the reproductive system seemingly get involved in reproductive processes, such as follicle growth and development, as well as physiological functions of the placenta and uterus. In addition, changes in local RAS components may induce reproductive diseases as well as pathological states such as cancer. In most tissues, Ang II and Ang- (1-7) seem to maintain antagonistic effects, but this conclusion is not always true in the reproductive system, where they play similar functions in some physiological and pathological roles. This review investigated how Ang II, Ang- (1-7) and their receptors were expressed, localized, and active in the female reproductive system. This review also summarized their effects on follicle development, uterine and placental physiological functions. The changes of local RAS components in a series of reproductive system diseases including infertility related diseases and cancer and their influence on the occurrence and development of diseases were elucidated. This article reviews the physiological and pathological roles of Ang II and Ang- (1-7) in female reproductive system,a very intricate system of tissue factors that operate as agonists and antagonists was found. Besides, the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting components of this system may be a research direction in future.

Contamination, spatial distribution, and source contribution of persistent organic pollutants in the soil of Guiyang city, China: a case study.

The contamination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is the most studied environmental issue. In 2020, a total of sixty soil samples collected from ten locations in Guiyang were analyzed to assess the presence of four DDTs and HCHs and sixteen PAHs. The concentrations of total DDTs, total HCHs and Σ16PAHs in the soil were between 0.26 and 12.76, 0.23 and 51.80 µg/kg, and 10.02 and 1708.86 µg/kg, respectively. The mean and median concentrations of total DDTs, total HCHs and Σ16PAHs in the soil were 1.04 and 0.26 µg/kg, 4.32 and 0.23 µg/kg, 139.14 and 98.98 µg/kg, respectively. p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and γ-HCH the dominant organochloride pollutants in the soil, while 4-ring PAHs were the dominant PAHs, occupying 41.1-53.6% of the total PAHs in the soil. The highest levels of PAHs in the soil were observed in areas of Guiyang with relatively larger population densities and more developed heave industries. Various diagnostic tools were used to identify the potential sources of the POPs in the soil. The data indicated that DDTs and HCHs were from past and recent common inputs and that mixtures of several combustion activities (biomass, coal and petroleum combustion, diesel, gasoline, and vehicular emissions) were the major sources of PAHs in the Guiyang soil. The results provide information for the assessment of the extent of POP pollution in the Guiyang soil and can help authorities establish environmental protection regulations and soil remediation techniques.

Xenoextracellular matrix-rosiglitazone complex-mediated immune evasion promotes xenogenic bioengineered root regeneration by altering M1/M2 macrophage polarization.

Xenogenic extracellular matrix (xECM)-based organ transplantation will be a promising approach to address the problem of donor shortage for allotransplantation, which has achieved great success in organ regeneration. However, current approaches to utilize xECM-based organ have limited capacity to yield the host a biofriendly microenvironment for long-term immunity homeostasis, compromising the application of these xenografts for repairing and replacing damaged tissues. As the key innate immune cells, macrophages directly determine the prognosis of xenografts in long term. However, it has not been fully elucidated that how to modulate their biological behavior for microenvironment homeostasis in tissue reconstruction. In this study, we report a robust strategy to impart an immunosuppressive surface to naturally sponge-like porous xECM scaffolds by loading rosiglitazone (RSG) to activate peroxisome proliferators receptors-γ (PPAR-γ). The resultant xECM-RSG complex, enabling RSG to be delivered sequentially and continuously to cells without obvious systemic side effects, is recognized as "self" to escape immune monitoring in local immunoregulation by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory NOS2+ M1 macrophages and oxygen species (ROS) through suppressing NF-κB expression, greatly facilitating the regeneration of enthesis anchoring between the transplanted xenograft and host in both heterotopic and orthotopic models. The newly formed bio-root is morphologically and biomechanically equivalent to native tooth root with a significant expression of odontogenic differentiation-related critical proteins. Therefore, the PPAR-γ-NF-κB axis activated by the xECM-RSG complex enables the xenografts to converse towards M2 macrophages with a modest immunosuppressive capacity for facilitating in xECM-based tissue or organ regeneration.

Improvement of ECM-based bioroot regeneration via N-acetylcysteine-induced antioxidative effects.

BACKGROUND: The low survival rate or dysfunction of extracellular matrix (ECM)-based engineered organs caused by the adverse effects of unfavourable local microenvironments on seed cell viability and stemness, especially the effects of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), prompted us to examine the importance of controlling oxidative damage for tissue transplantation and regeneration. We sought to improve the tolerance of seed cells to the transplant microenvironment via antioxidant pathways, thus promoting transplant efficiency and achieving better tissue regeneration. METHODS: We improved the antioxidative properties of ECM-based bioroots with higher glutathione contents in dental follicle stem cells (DFCs) by pretreating cells or loading scaffolds with the antioxidant NAC. Additionally, we developed an in situ rat alveolar fossa implantation model to evaluate the long-term therapeutic effects of NAC in bioroot transplantation. RESULTS: The results showed that NAC decreased H2O2-induced cellular damage and maintained the differentiation potential of DFCs. The transplantation experiments further verified that NAC protected the biological properties of DFCs by repressing replacement resorption or ankylosis, thus facilitating bioroot regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: The following findings suggest that NAC could significantly protect stem cell viability and stemness during oxidative stress and exert better and prolonged effects in bioroot intragrafts.

Determination, dissipation dynamics, terminal residues and dietary risk assessment of thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim in cowpeas collected from different locations in China under field conditions.

BACKGROUND: Thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim are broad-spectrum fungicides used on many crops. The residues of these chemicals could result in potential environmental and human health problems. Therefore, investigations of the dissipation and residue behaviors of thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim on cowpeas and associated dietary risk assessments are essential for the safety of agricultural products. RESULTS: A simple analytical approach using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the determination of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim concentrations in cowpeas. Good linearity (R2 > 0.998) was obtained, and the recoveries and relative standard deviations were 80.0-104.7% and 1.4-5.2%, respectively. The dissipation rates of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and total carbendazim were high (half-lives of 1.61-2.46 days) and varied in the field cowpea samples because of the different weather conditions and planting patterns. Based on the definition of thiophanate-methyl, the terminal residues of total carbendazim in cowpea samples were below the maximum residue limits set by Japan for other legumes. The acute and chronic risk quotients of three analytes were 0.0-27.6% in cowpea samples gathered from all terminal residue treatments, which were below 100%. CONCLUSION: An optimized approach for detecting thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim in cowpeas was applied for the investigation of field-trial samples. The potential acute and chronic dietary risks of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim and total carbendazim to the health of Chinese consumers were low. These results could guide the safe and proper use of thiophanate-methyl in cowpeas and offer data for the dietary risk assessment of thiophanate-methyl in cowpeas. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.