TP53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease in Chilean subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association between the codon 72 polymorphism (Pro72Arg, rs1042522) of the tumor suppressor gene (TP53) and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chilean subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 209 unrelated patients with a diagnosis of CAD confirmed by angiography (33-74 years old) and 216 healthy controls (30-68 years old) were included in this study. The Pro72Arg polymorphism of the TP53 gene was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The genotype distribution for the Pro72Arg variant of the TP53 gene in CAD patients (PP: n = 13, 6.2%; PR: n = 61, 29.4%; RR: n = 135, 64.6%) and controls (PP: n = 18, 8.3%; PR: n = 94, 43.5%; RR: n = 104, 48.1%) was significantly different (p = 0.003). Similarly, the allelic frequency was also different (p = 0.003). The odds ratio for CAD related to the 72Arg allele was 2.0 (95% CI = 1.33-2.90), confirming the presence of an association. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the Pro72Arg polymorphism of the TP53 gene is associated with CAD in Chilean individuals.

Polimorfismo SNP-43 del gen de calpaína-10 en individuos con enfermedad coronaria y controles / SNP43 polymorphism of Calpain-10 gene in Southern Chilean subjects with coronary artery disease and controls

Resumen: La Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) es un reconocido factor de riesgo cardiovascular que ha mostrado asociación con aterosclerosis subclínica; lo cual podría ser explicado por la presencia de una base genética común entre ambas patologías. Varios polimorfismos del gen de calpaína-10 (CAPNIO) han sido asociados con insulino resistencia y DMT2, sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia de su relación con enfermedad coronaria. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la posible asociación de la variante SNP-43 de CAPNIO con el desarrollo de enfermedad coronaria en individuos del sur de Chile. Métodos: Fueron incluidos en este estudio, 218 pacientes adultos no relacionados con enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) confirmada mediante angiografía (estenosis >70 por ciento) y 194 individuos controles. La variante genética UCSNP-43 fue estudiada por PCR-RFLP. Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias genotípicas de la variante UCSNP-43 en pacientes con EAC (GG: 51.4 por ciento; GA: 42.7 por ciento; AA: 5.9 por ciento) y controles (GG: 59.6 por ciento; GA: 35.1 por ciento; AA: 5.2 por ciento, p=0.228). Similarmente, no hubo diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias alélicas entre pacientes con EAC y controles (p=0.200). La Odds Ratio fue de 1.17 (I.C 95 por ciento: 0.50-2.72), confirmando la ausencia reasociación. Conclusión: Nuestros datos sugieren que la variante UCSNP-43 del gen CAPNIO no está asociada a la presencia de enfermedad arterial coronaria en la población investigada.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a well know cardiovascular risk factor and has been related to subclinic atherosclerosis, which might be explained by the presence of a common genetic basis in both diseases. Several polymorphisms of the cal-pain-10 gene (CAPNIO) have been associated with insulin resistance and DMT; nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence about their relation with coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, in the present study we investigated the possible association between the SNP-43 variant of CAPNIO and the presence of CAD in Chilean subjects. Methods: A total of 218 unrelated patients with diagnosis of CAD confirmed by angiography (33-74 years old) and 194 healthy controls (30 - 68 years old) were included in this study. The SNP43 variant of the CAPNIO gene was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Results: The genotype distribution for SNP43 variant of CAPNIO gene in CAD patients (GG: 51.4 percent; GA: 42.7 percent; AA: 5.9 percent) and controls (GG: 59.6 percent; GA: 35.1 percent; AA: 5.2 percent) was similar (P=0.228). Similarly, the allelic frequency was no different (P = 0.200). The OR for CAD related to AA homozygous genotype was 1.17 (95 percent C.I. = 0.50 - 2.72), confirming the absence of association. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the SNP43 polymorphism of the CAPNIO gene is not associated to CAD in the studied individuals.

Asociación del polimorfismo rs2241766 del gen de la adiponectina y enfermedad arterial coronaria en individuos del sur de Chile / Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of adiponectin gene and coronary artery disease in Southern Chilean subjects

La adiponectina, hormona peptídica secretada por los adipocitos, actúa inhibiendo la formación de la placa ateromatosa en casi todas sus etapas, ya sea modulando la respuesta inflamatoria, inhibiendo la expresión de moléculas de adhesión, la activación de monocitos, la formación de células espumosas y la migración y proliferación de células de músculo liso. En el presente estudio, fue evaluada la frecuencia del polimorfismo 45TMJ (rs2241766) del gen que codifica para la hormona adiponectina (ADIPOQ), junto con su posible contribución al desarrollo de enfermedad coronaria en individuos del sur de Chile. Métodos: Fueron evaluados 416 individuos adultos (30 a 68 años); 200 casos confirmados por angiografía y 216 controles. La genotipificación del polimorfismo 451>G del gen ADIPOQ se realizó mediante la técnica de PCR-RFLP. Resultados: El análisis de los resultados demuestra que la presencia del alelo G del polimorfismo 45T>G del gen ADIPOQ duplica el riesgo de padecer enfermedad coronaria en la población estudiada (OR= 2.06; I.C.95 por ciento: 1.36-3.14). Conclusión: Nuestros datos revelaron la existencia de una interesante asociación entre el polimorfismo 45T>G del gen ADIPOQ y enfermedad arterial coronaria en los sujetos analizados. Es importante destacar, que este hallazgo constituye el primer antecedente en población chilena.

Background: Adiponectin, encoded by ADIPOQ gene, is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that acts inhibiting the atheromatous plaque formation, modulating the inflammatory response and inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules with subsequent inhibition of adhesion and macrophage activation, foam cells formation and migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Aim: to evaluate the possible association between the rs2241766 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) in Southern Chilean subjects. Methods: We evaluated 416 unrelated individuals (38 -68 years old); 200 with CAD confirmed by angiography and 216 control individuals from Temuco city (Chile). The rs2241766 polymorphism (45T>G) of ADIPOQ gene was determined by PCR-RFLP. Results: CAD patients exhibited a high frequency of G allele when compared to controls (17 percent vs. 9 percent; p<0.001). The OR for CAD associated to G allele was 2.06 (95 percent CI: 1.36 - 3.14) confirming the association observed. Conclusion: Our data show that the rs2241766 ADIPOQ gene polymorphism contributed to CAD risk in the studied population.

Polymorphisms of the NOS3 gene in Southern Chilean subjects with coronary artery disease and controls.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium, produced by oxidation of l-arginine to l-citruline for the action at the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is considered an important atheroprotective factor. The 894G>T, -786T>C and 4a/4b polymorphic variants of the NOS3 gene have been implicated in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the association between occurrence of CAD documented by angiography and the 894G>T, -786T>C and 4a/4b polymorphisms of the NOS3 gene in Southern Chilean individuals. METHODS: A total of 112 unrelated patients with diagnosis of CAD confirmed by angiography and 112 controls were included in this study. The 894G>T and -786T>C single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP, and 4a/4b polymorphism just for PCR. RESULTS: The genotype distribution and the relative allelic frequencies for the 3 variants investigated were not significantly different between CAD and control subjects (p=NS). Moreover, the odds ratio for CAD associated with the 894T (OR=1.22, 95% CI 0.76-1.95), -786C (OR=1.16, 95% CI 0.75-1.80) and 4a (OR=0.97, 95% CI 0.48-1.95) variants failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the 894G>T, -786T>C and 4a/4b polymorphisms of the NOS3 were not associated with CAD in the studied subjects.

Presencia del alelo T para el polimorfismo rs2781666 G>T del gen arginasa 1 constituye un factor protector contra enfermedad arterial coronaria / The presence of T allele for rs2781666 G>T common variant of arginase 1 gene constitutes a protector factor against coronary artery disease in Southern Chilean subjects

Introducción: Variaciones moleculares en el gen de la arginasa I, ARGl, podrían provocar un aumento de la expresión de la enzima o de su actividad, lo que puede llevar a una disfunción endotelial al disminuir la producción de óxido nítrico por parte de la eNOS. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la posible asociación del polimorfismo rs2781666 G>T y la presencia de enfermedad coronaria (confirmada con angiografía) en individuos de la región de La Araucanía. Material y Métodos: En el presente estudio, de tipo casos y controles, fueron evaluados 247 sujetos, con edades entre 30 y 74 años; 124 individuos pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria (casos) y 123 controles. La genotipificación del polimorfismo rs2781666 del gen ARGl fue realizada mediante PCR- RFLR Resultados: La frecuencia del genotipo homocigoto TT para el polimorfismo rs2781666 del gen ARGl fue de 6.5 por ciento en el grupo casos y 8 por ciento en el grupo control, difiriendo significativamente (p=0.032). La frecuencia relativa del alelo T también presentó diferencias significativas entre casos y controles (0.230 vs. 0.325, p=0.031). La OR relacionada al alelo mutado T fue de 0.63 (I.C. 95 por ciento, 0.43 - 0.94), confirmando la presencia de la asociación observada. Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el polimorfismo rs2781666 G>T del gen ARGl confiere protección contra enfermedad coronaria en la población analizada. Sin embargo, este resultado debe ser replicado en otros grupos poblacionales de nuestro país.

Background: Recent data support a role for arginase 1 (ARG1) in the initiation, development, and complications of coronary artery disease. Thus, in the present study we investigated the possible association between the rs2781666 G>T variant of ARG1 and the presence of CAD confirmed by angiography in Chilean subjects. Methods: A total of 124 unrelated patients with diagnosis of CAD confirmed by angiography (stenosis > 70 percent) and 123 healthy controls (30 - 74 years old) were included in this study. The rs2781666 G>T variant of the ARG1 gene was evaluated by PCR-RFLR Results: The frequency of TT homozygous genotype in CAD patients was lower when compared to control group (6.5 percent vs. 8.0 percent, p=0.032). Similarly, the T allele frequency was different between CAD and control groups (0.230 vs. 0.325, p=0.031). The OR for CAD related to T allele was 0.64 (95 percent CI. = 0.43-0.94), con-firming the association founded. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the T allele for rs2781666 polymorphism of the ARG1 gene constitutes an inherited protective factor against CAD in Southern Chilean subjects.

Polimorfismo Pro72Arg del gen TP53 se asocia a enfermedad coronaria en individuos chilenos / TP53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease in Chilean subjects

Introducción: Diferentes genes han sido implicados en la etiología de la enfermedad arterial coronaria, entre ellos, el gen TP53. Recientemente, el polimorfismo en el codon 72 (Pro72Arg, rs1042522) del gen TP53 fue señalado como factor de riesgo para enfermedad arterial coronaria. Sin embargo, otros autores no han confirmado esta observación. Así, en el presente estudio investigamos la posible asociación entre esta variante genética y la presencia de enfermedad arterial coronaria en individuos chilenos. Métodos: Se analizaron 209 pacientes, no relacionados, con diagnóstico de enfermedad arterial coronaria confirmada por angiografía (estenosis > 70 por ciento), 33 - 74 años y 216 individuos controles (30-68 años). Las concentraciones séricas de glucosa, acido úrico, triglicéridos, colesterol total y colesterol HDL fueron determinados por métodos enzimático-colorimétricos. El polimorfismo Pro72Arg del gen TP53 fue identificado mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de polimerasa seguida de restricción enzimática (PCR-RFLP). Resultados: La distribución de genotipos para la mutación Pro72Arg del gen TP53 en pacientes y controles fue significativamente diferente (P=0.003). Adicionalmente, la frecuencia relativa de alelos fue tambiéndiferente (P=0.003). La OR para enfermedad coronaria relacionada al alelo 72Arg fue 2.0 (I.C.95 por ciento=1.33-2.90), confirmando la presencia de asociación. Por otro lado, no encontramos asociación entre los factores de riesgo tradicionales para enfermedad coronaria y los diferentes genotipos del polimorfismo Pro72Arg. Conclusión: Nuestro estudio muestra una interesante asociación entre enfermedad coronaria y el polimorfismo Pro72Arg del gen TP53 en individuos chilenos, sugiriendo que esta mutación podría ser útil como marcador genético de esta patología. Sin embargo, esta observación necesita ser reconfirmada con un estudio poblacional.

Different genes have been implicated in the aetiology of coronary artery disease, among these, the TP53 gene. Recently, the codon 72 polymorphism (Pro72Arg, rs1042522) of TP53 gene was indicated as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, other authors do not confirm this observation. Thus, in the present study we investigated the possible association between this genetic variant and the presence of CAD in Chilean subjects. Methods: 209 unrelated patients with diagnosis of CAD confirmed by angiography (33-74 years old) and 216 healthy controls (30 - 68 years old) were included in this study. The Pro72Arg polymorphism of the TP53 gene was evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Results: The genotype distribution for Pro72Arg variant of TP53 gene in CAD patients (PP: 6.2 percent, PR: 29.2 percent, RR: 64.6 percent) and controls (PP: 8.3 percent, PR: 43.5 percent, RR: 48.1 percent) was significantly different (P=0.003). Similarly, the allelicfrequency was also different (P = 0.003). The OR for CAD related to 72Arg allele was 2.0 (95 percent C.I. = 1.33 -2.90). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the Pro72Arg polymorphism of the TP53 gene is associated with CAD in study Chilean individuals.

Factor XII 46C --> T gene polymorphism in Chilean subjects with coronary artery disease and controls.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association between factor XII (F12) gene variant and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chilean subjects. METHODS: A total of 112 unrelated patients with a diagnosis of CAD confirmed by angiography (33-74 years old) and 107 healthy controls (30-68 years old) were included in this study. PCR-RFLP was used to evaluate the 46C --> T polymorphism of the F12 gene. RESULTS: The genotype distribution for the 46C --> T variant of the F12 gene in CAD patients (CC: 41%, CT: 39%, TT: 20%) and controls (CC: 38%, CT: 48%, TT: 14%) was comparable (p = 0.365). Similarly, the allelic frequency was equivalent (p = 0.833). The odds ratio for CAD associated with the mutated 46T allele was 1.06 (95% CI = 0.72-1.56) confirming the absence of an association. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the F12 46C --> T gene polymorphism is not related to CAD in the studied population. However, this study is limited by its sample size and the use of controls not matched by age and sex.

-786T>C polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in Chilean subjects with coronary artery disease and controls.

BACKGROUND: The vascular endothelium plays an important role in the atherosclerotic process through the release of mediators such as nitric oxide. The NO relaxes vascular smooth muscle, inhibits platelet activation, and modulates migration and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells; consequently eNOS may have a significant atheroprotective function through this mechanism. The -786T>C polymorphism of the eNOS gene has been implicated in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the possible association between presence of CAD documented by angiography and the -786T>C polymorphism of the NOS3 gene in Chilean individuals. METHODS: A total of 112 unrelated patients with diagnosis of CAD and 109 controls were included in this study. The -786T>C gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: The frequency of CC homozygous genotype for -786T>C polymorphism was 6% in CAD patients and 4% in the control group. However, the genotype distribution and allele frequencies were not significantly different between CAD and control subjects (P=NS). Moreover, the odds ratio for CAD associated with the C variant failed to reach statistical significance (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 0.60-1.76, P=NS). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the -786T>C polymorphism of the eNOS gene was not associated with CAD in study Chilean individuals.