RESUMO
This study identifies a new chronic form of immune neutropenia in the young with or without detectable indirect anti-neutrophil antibodies, characterized by mild/moderate neutropenia low risk of severe infection (14%), tendency to develop autoimmune phenomena over the course of the disease (cumulative incidence of 58.6% after 20 years of disease duration), leukopenia, progressive reduction of absolute lymphocyte count and a T- and B-cell profile similar to autoimmune disorders like Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (increased HLADR+ and CD3 + TCRγδ cells, reduced T regulatory cells, increased double-negative B and a tendency to reduced B memory cells). In a minority of patients, P/LP variants related to primary immuno-regulatory disorders were found. This new form may fit the group of "Likely acquired neutropenia," a provisional category included in the recent International Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Neutropenia of EHA and EUNET INNOCHRON ACTION 18233. The early recognition of this form of neutropenia would help clinicians to delineate better specific monitoring plans, genetic counseling, and potentially targeted therapies.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide , Doenças Autoimunes , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Neutropenia , Trombocitopenia , Humanos , Neutropenia/etiologia , Neutropenia/terapia , Doenças Autoimunes/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Trombocitopenia/complicaçõesRESUMO
We retrospectively analyzed the effects on the erectile function (EF) of no treatment (NT), and an oral therapy (OT; on-demand therapy (OD) or a regimented rehabilitation (RR) program with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is)), in a cohort of 196 consecutive patients following nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (NSRRP). Patients undergoing bilateral NSRRP (BP; n = 147) and unilateral NSRRP (UP; n = 49), chose between OT (PDE5-Is OD or RR program) and NT. Patients who chose OD therapy received PDE5-Is (100 mg sildenafil, 20 mg tadalafil and vardenafil), whereas patients who chose the RR program received 100 mg sildenafil or 20 mg vardenafil three times a week, or 20 mg tadalafil twice a week at bedtime. The t-test for unpaired data and Fisher test were used for univariate analyses, logistic regression multivariate analysis was used to test the accuracy of available variables to predict EF recovery after radical prostatectomy. Potency rates were significantly correlated with the surgical technique and with OT when compared to NT (P < 0.02), respectively 68.7% for BP (61% with no therapy and 71% with PDE5-Is) and 44% for UP (29% with no therapy and 51% with PDE5-Is), while no statistically significative differences were found between OD and rehabilitation protocols (72% with rehabilitation and 70% with OD therapy in BP, 52% with rehabilitation and 50% with OD therapy in UP; P = NS). Early OT with PDE5-Is (OD or RR program) was superior to NT in recovery of EF in NSRRP. Furthermore, an RR program with PDE5-Is did not appear to be superior to OD therapy.
Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/uso terapêutico , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Carbolinas/administração & dosagem , Disfunção Erétil/etiologia , Humanos , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pênis/inervação , Piperazinas/administração & dosagem , Prostatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Purinas/administração & dosagem , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Citrato de Sildenafila , Sulfonamidas/administração & dosagem , Sulfonas/administração & dosagem , Tadalafila , Triazinas/administração & dosagem , Dicloridrato de VardenafilaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of our work was to investigate the causal connection between M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes occurrence and prostate cancer, their correlation with tumor extension (ECE), and biochemical recurrence (BR). PATIENT AND METHODS: Clinical and pathological data were prospectively gathered from 93 patients treated with radical prostatectomy. Correlations of commonly used variables were evaluated with uni- and multivariate analysis. The relationship between M1 and M2 occurrence and BR was also assessed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: Above all in 63.4% there was a M2 prevalence. M1 occurred more frequently in OC disease, while M2 was more represented in ECE. At univariate analysis biopsy and pathologic GS and M2 were statistically correlated with ECE. Only pathologic GS and M2 confirmed to be correlated with ECE. According to macrophage density BCR free survival curves presented a statistically significant difference. When we stratified our population for M1 and M2,we did not find any statistical difference among curves. At univariate analysis GS, pTNM, and positive margins resulted to be significant predictors of BCR, while M1 and M2 did not achieve the statistical significance. At multivariate analysis, only GS and pathologic stage were independent predictors of BR. CONCLUSION: In our study patients with higher density of M count were associated with poor prognosis; M2 phenotype was significantly associated with ECE.
Assuntos
Macrófagos/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Idoso , Biópsia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Humanos , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgiaRESUMO
Inflammation is now acknowledged as an hallmark of cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) force a malignant cross talk with cancer cells, culminating in their epithelial-mesenchymal transition and achievement of stemness traits. Herein, we demonstrate that stromal tumor-associated cells cooperate to favor malignancy of prostate carcinoma (PCa). Indeed, prostate CAFs are active factors of monocyte recruitment toward tumor cells, mainly acting through stromal-derived growth factor-1 delivery and promote their trans-differentiation toward the M2 macrophage phenotype. The relationship between M2 macrophages and CAFs is reciprocal, as M2 macrophages are able to affect mesenchymal-mesenchymal transition of fibroblasts, leading to their enhanced reactivity. On the other side, PCa cells themselves participate in this cross talk through secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, facilitating monocyte recruitment and again macrophage differentiation and M2 polarization. Finally, this complex interplay among cancer cells, CAFs and M2 macrophages, cooperates in increasing tumor cell motility, ultimately fostering cancer cells escaping from primary tumor and metastatic spread, as well as in activation of endothelial cells and their bone marrow-derived precursors to drive de novo angiogenesis. In keeping with our data obtained in vitro, the analysis of patients affected by prostate cancers at different clinical stages revealed a clear increase in the M2/M1 ratio in correlation with clinical values. These data, coupled with the role of CAFs in carcinoma malignancy to elicit expression of stem-like traits, should focus great interest for innovative strategies aimed at the co-targeting of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts to improve therapeutic efficacy.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Polaridade Celular , Fibroblastos/patologia , Macrófagos/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Progressão da Doença , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Receptor Cross-Talk/fisiologia , Microambiente Tumoral/fisiologiaRESUMO
A fully automated, non invasive, rapid and high-throughput method for the direct determination of sarcosine and N-ethylglycine in urine and urinary sediments using hexyl chloroformate derivatization followed by direct immersion solid-phase micro extraction and fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis was developed and validated. The use of a new ionic liquid narrow bore column, as well as the automation and miniaturization of the preparation procedure by a customized configuration of the utilized XYZ robotic system, allowed a friendly use of the GC apparatus achieving a quantitation limit of 0.06 µg L(-1) for sarcosine, good repeatability with CV always lower than 7% and reduced analysis times useful for point-of-care testing. The method was then applied for the analysis of 56 samples of urine and urinary sediments in healthy subjects, in those with benign prostatic hypertrophy and in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. The results obtained showed that the medians of sarcosine/creatinine in urine were 103, 137 and 267 µg g(-1) respectively, thus assessing the potential use of sarcosine as urinary biomarker for prostate cancer detection. The highest values of sensitivity (79%) and specificity (87%) were obtained in correspondence of a cut-off value of 179 µg sarcosine(g creatinine)(-1), thus by using this cut-off threshold, sarcosine was significantly associated with the presence of cancer (p<0.0001). Finally, ROC analyses proved that the discrimination between clinically localized prostate cancer and patients without evidence of tumor is significantly correlated with sarcosine.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Líquidos Iônicos/análise , Glicinas N-Substituídas/urina , Sarcosina/urina , Microextração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Humanos , Líquidos Iônicos/química , Masculino , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate how serum testosterone level (T) can affect urinary continence and erectile function in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). We included 257 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, those who had filled out preoperative quality of life questionnaires (University of California, Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)), and those who had T and total PSA sampled the day before surgery. We calculated correlations between T and age, body mass index (BMI), PSA, urinary function or bother (UF, UB) and sexual function or bother (SF, SB) and IIEF-5 in the whole population and in sub-populations with normal (> or =10.4 nmol l(-1)) and low (<10.4 ng ml(-1)) T using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients. We evaluated differences in these parameters between patients with low and normal T using the unpaired samples t-test and Mann-Whitney test, and finally the correlation between UF and SF, UB and SB, and between PSA and T in the overall population, and separately in patients with low and normal T using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Mean preoperative T was 13.5 nmol l(-1) and 23.7% of patients presented a low T. Mean age, mean BMI and mean preoperative total PSA at RP were 64.3 years, 25.9 kg m(-2) and 9.0 ng ml(-1), respectively. BMI was negatively correlated with T in the overall population (r=-0.266; P=0.02); moreover, patients with normal T presented lower BMI compared with patients with low T (25.7 vs 27.6: P=0.02). We found a significant correlation between SF scores and T in patients with normal T (r=0.1777: P=0.05). SF was significantly higher in patients with normal T compared with those with low T (74.8 vs 64.8: P=0.05). Furthermore, UF and UB were significantly correlated with SF (r=0.2544: P<0.01) and SB (r=0.2512: P=0.01), respectively, in men with normal T. Serum T was significantly correlated with PSA in men with low T (r=0.3874: P=0.0029), whereas this correlation was missed in the whole population and in men with normal T. The correlation between preoperative PSA and T in men with low T is in agreement with the 'saturation' model proposed by Morgentaler. The correlation between basal T and preoperative erectile function and urinary continence underlines the importance of assessing T before RP.
Assuntos
Ereção Peniana/fisiologia , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Testosterona/sangue , Incontinência Urinária/etiologia , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pré-Operatório , Próstata/cirurgia , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Qualidade de Vida , Comportamento Sexual/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Micção/fisiologiaAssuntos
Glutationa S-Transferase pi/genética , Glutationa Transferase/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/enzimologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/etiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare disease with a major autoimmune pathogenetic component. CTLA4 is a T-lymphocyte surface molecule involved in the maintenance of immune tolerance. Some polymorphisms associated with a reduced expression of CTLA4, and thus presumably with increased tendency to autoimmunity, have been associated with various autoimmune diseases. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of the low expression polymorphisms -318C > T and 49A > G of CTLA4 in a population of 67 patients with acquired AA and in 100 normal controls. There was no difference in the distribution of the tested polymorphism between patients and controls and, within the patient group, between those who responded to immunosuppression vs those who did not respond. This study indicates that the polymorphisms -318C > T and 49A > G of CTLA4 do not affect the risk of developing AA and do not influence the response to immunosuppression.
Assuntos
Anemia Aplástica/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciação/genética , Éxons/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD , Antígeno CTLA-4 , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , População BrancaRESUMO
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a detoxification enzyme that protects cells against oxidative stress and toxic quinones. A polymorphism (C609T) in the gene produces in the heterozygous individuals (C/T) a reduction and in those homozygous for the variant allele (T/T) the abolishment of NQO1 protein activity. To assess whether NQO1 inactivating polymorphism (CT/TT) was a possible risk factor for infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (iALL), we investigated the distribution of NQO1 genotype in 50 iALL patients, 32 with MLL gene rearrangements (MLL+) and 18 without (MLL-). As controls, 106 cases of pediatric ALL (pALL), and 147 healthy subjects were also studied. Compared to normal controls, the frequency of the low/null activity NQO1 genotypes was significantly higher in the iALL MLL- (72 vs 38%, P=0.006; odds ratio (OR) 4.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-12.49), while no differences were observed in iALL MLL+ (44 vs 38%, P=0.553; OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.58-2.74). Similar results were observed when pALL were used as control. Our results indicate that only the iALL patients without MLL rearrangements had a significantly higher frequency of NQO1 genotypes associated with low/null activity enzyme, suggesting a possible role for NQO1 gene as an MLL-independent risk factor, in the leukemogenic process of this subtype of iALL.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Rearranjo Gênico , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Proto-Oncogenes/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Genótipo , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase , Humanos , Lactente , Proteína de Leucina Linfoide-Mieloide , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/epidemiologia , Valores de ReferênciaAssuntos
Doenças em Gêmeos/genética , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/genética , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Gêmeos Dizigóticos , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Histiocitose de Células de Langerhans/terapia , Humanos , Lactente , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/terapia , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
Molecular analysis of antigen receptor genes (Ig and TCR) has been useful for clonal studies in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) patients. Rearrangements of these genes can be used to track the persistence of the leukaemic clone during the therapy. The purpose of our study was to analyse the percentage and the pattern of the rearrangements at the TCR D locus in a series of ALL patients, comparing the results obtained by Southern blot and PCR. Genomic DNA was extracted from mononuclear BM cells of 40 paediatric ALL cases, digested with different restriction enzymes and hybridized to TCRDJ1 probe to study the TCR delta locus. Amplification of the rearranged TCR delta genes was performed by PCR to define the gene segments involved. The junctional region was deduced from the sequence to obtain patient-specific primers. Among the 31 B lineage ALL samples, one or two TCR delta alleles proved to be rearranged in 53% of cases. Two different types of rearrangements were chiefly detected: Vdelta2Ddelta3 and Ddelta2Ddelta3. In T-ALL patients, the predominant rearrangement involved the Vdelta1 and the Jdelta1 gene segments.
Assuntos
Rearranjo Gênico da Cadeia delta dos Receptores de Antígenos dos Linfócitos T/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Adolescente , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , Southern Blotting , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA de Neoplasias/química , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Lactente , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto/imunologia , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/imunologia , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was studied using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GammaT cell receptor (TCRG) genes are ideal targets for PCR-based detection of MRD due to their molecular characteristics. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of PCR products followed by silver staining was performed for 72 children with ALL at the onset of disease. Silver staining is an effective technique to detect gene rearrangements without the use of ethidium bromide. Moreover, this method may show heteroduplex bands of a clonal nature when both TCRG alleles are rearranged. PCR products subjected to a rapid staining protocol were recovered from the gel, reamplified by a second PCR and directly sequenced. After sequencing, we identified the junctional region and obtained patient-specific probes. In more than half of the patients we detected TCRG rearrangements that were used as molecular markers for residual disease.
Assuntos
Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Rearranjo Gênico do Linfócito T , Neoplasia Residual/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T gama-delta/genética , Coloração pela Prata , Criança , Humanos , Neoplasia Residual/imunologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This paper describes a new, sensitive (in the nanogram range), and rapid (two-step) technique for the negative staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels in the presence or absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. After separation, gels are incubated with 8% methyl trichloroacetate ester in 38% isopropanol and then washed in water to produce a negative image of colorless proteins against an opaque background. The technique allows unmodified proteins to be recovered for biological studies or transblot for amino acid sequence. Finally, owing to the reversibility of the process, gels can be restained after rapid visualization. For these reasons, negative staining with methyl trichloroacetate should become the method of choice for rapid and sensitive staining of proteins prior to further processing, including stable staining with silver ions.
Assuntos
Corantes , Proteínas/isolamento & purificação , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Precipitação Química , Cloroacetatos , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fibroblastos/química , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Proteínas/química , Proteínas/normas , Padrões de Referência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Pele/química , Coloração e Rotulagem/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
1. The effects of retinoic acid, gamma-interferon, cytosine arabinoside, nerve growth factor, tumor necrosis factor, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate on the human neuroblastoma cell line, LAN-5, were studied. Intracellular levels of acetylcholinesterase, neuron-specific enolase, catecholamines and related neurotransmitters, vasointestinal peptide, and substance P were evaluated after induction. 2. Cell morphology was strongly affected by retinoic acid, gamma-interferon, cytosine arabinoside, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. The main effects of retinoic acid and gamma-interferon were the loosening of cell clusters and the extension of long neurites; cytosine arabinoside induced cell body swelling and marked neuritogenesis. Following 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate treatment, the cells became small, round, and neuritic. Conversely, modifications induced by nerve growth factor and tumor necrosis factor were mild. Cell proliferation rate was reduced by retinoic acid, gamma-interferon, cytosine arabinoside, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, while nerve growth factor and tumor necrosis factor were devoid of effects. 3. Acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly stimulated by retinoic acid and by gamma-interferon. Neuron-specific enolase activity was unaffected by all treatments except 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, which enhanced it by 1.6-fold. 4. The cellular catecholamine and related metabolite content was lowered by retinoic acid and gamma-interferon, while cytosine arabinoside and, even more, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate showed a stimulatory activity on their intracellular accumulation. 5. Finally, the cell-associated vasointestinal peptide level was strikingly increased by gamma-interferon and, to a lesser extent, by retinoic acid, cytosine arabinoside, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. 6. It is concluded that the most relevant biochemical changes associated with LAN-5 cells differentiation involve the repertoire of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. These events vary in quality and in quantity, likely due to the pattern complexity of gene expression triggered by each inducer in determining the diversity of neuronal phenotypes.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citarabina/farmacologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Fatores de Crescimento Neural/farmacologia , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Neuropeptídeos/metabolismo , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/farmacologia , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologiaRESUMO
Neuroblastoma (NB), a tumor originating from the sympathetic nervous system, is the most common extracranial neurological tumor of childhood. Human NB cells may differentiate in vitro under treatment with biological agents, as gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Unfortunately, NB cell lines resistant to the differentiation-inducing effects of both drugs have been observed. Here we demonstrate that a combination of IFN-gamma plus TNF causes extensive and generalized differentiation of NB cells toward a neuronal phenotype. Both IFN-gamma and TNF, given alone, moderately reduced cell growth and induced partial morphological maturation. Their combination further reduced cell proliferation. The combined treatment gave a synergistic rather than additive cytostatic effect, documented also by a dramatically enhanced differentiation toward a neuronal morphology. Membrane immunofluorescence showed a homologous and heterologous up-regulation of IFN-gamma receptor, as well as a marked induction of HLA Class I antigens and, to a lesser extent, of Class II antigens on NB cells induced to differentiate. Treatment of NB cell lines with IFN-gamma/TNF results in the induction of a differentiated phenotype, as indicated by the increased expression of the Mr 160,000 and 200,000 neurofilament proteins and that of microtubule-associated proteins. Evaluation of biochemical markers of neuronal differentiation confirmed the ability of the combined treatment to induce neuroblast maturation. These results suggest that the combination of IFN-gamma and TNF should be considered for experimental clinical trials in neuroblastoma.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/análise , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/metabolismo , Replicação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Di-Hidroxifenilalanina/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Imunofluorescência , Humanos , Ácido Hidroxi-Indolacético/metabolismo , Cinética , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/análise , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Serotonina/metabolismo , Timidina/metabolismo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Four human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines (LAN-5, SK-N-BE(2)C, GI-LI-N, and GI-CA-N) have been investigated for their ability to take up and store [125I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (125I-MIBG) in vitro. Only SK-N-BE(2)C and LAN-5 cells were able to specifically take up MIBG, with the former cell line showing a more efficient retention of the radiotracer. 125I-MIBG incorporation in both cell lines was inhibited by norepinephrine, desipramine, ouabain and energy depletion. Thus, all the major criteria for specific (type 1) uptake were fulfilled. Conversely, GI-LI-N and GI-CA-N cells did not show any specific uptake. Pharmacological manipulations aimed at defining the intracellular site(s) of 125I-MIBG storage clearly showed that the radiotracer is not accumulated in the reserpine-sensitive neurosecretory granules and vesicles in NB cells, contrary to what has been observed in a chromaffin derived tumor cell line (PC12). Our study provides new and suitable models to investigate in vitro the molecular and cellular pharmacology of MIBG in NB cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacocinética , Iodobenzenos/farmacocinética , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , 3-Iodobenzilguanidina , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
1. The effects of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN), retinoic acid (RA), and cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) on the growth, morphology, and phenotype of the human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines, LAN-1 and GI-ME-N, have been extensively tested. 2. RA, gamma-IFN, and ARA-C induced a dose-dependent morphological differentiation and growth inhibition, without affecting cell viability. Cells exposed to 10(-6) M RA or 1000 U/ml gamma-IFN significantly decreased their growth rate within the first 24 and 48 hr of culture, respectively. Cells became smaller and polygonal and sprouted long cellular processes with varicosities along their courses. In contrast, ARA-C-differentiated cells were larger and flattened, with few elongated dendritic processes. 3. Analysis of membrane and cytoskeletal markers by immunofluorescence and Western blot showed several changes in NB-specific antigen expression after 5 days of treatment with all inducing agents. Analysis of labeled phosphatidylinositol metabolites from prelabeled cells showed, within 1 min of treatment with RA, a rapid decrease in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and of 1,2-diacylglycerol levels. No changes in inositol phospholipid metabolism were observed in gamma-IFN- or ARA-C-treated cells. 4. We conclude that RA-induced decrease in phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis is not likely to be a consequence of the acquisition of a different phenotype, as its changes precede the acquisition of neuronal markers. In addition, gamma-IFN and ARA-C, both inducing a mature phenotype, did not affect PI hydrolysis. 5. Decreased PI hydrolysis seems to be sufficient, although not necessary, to commit NB cells to neuronal differentiation. Analysis of molecular mechanisms associated with NB cell differentiation may be helpful to clarify the potential of various biological agents in affecting the development of the neural cell.