Identification of novel bacterial plasminogen-binding proteins in the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Binding and activation of human plasminogen (Plg) to generate the proteolytic enzyme plasmin (Plm) have been associated with the invasive potential of certain bacteria. In this work, proteomic analysis together with ligand blotting assays identified several major Plg-binding spots in Mycobacterium tuberculosis soluble extracts (SEs) and culture filtrate proteins. The identity of 15 different proteins was deduced by N-terminal and/or MS and corresponded to DnaK, GroES, GlnA1, Ag85 complex, Mpt51, Mpt64, PrcB, MetK, SahH, Lpd, Icl, Fba, and EF-Tu. Binding of Plg to recombinant M. tuberculosis DnaK, GlnA1, and Ag85B was further confirmed by ELISA and ligand blotting assays. The binding was inhibited by epsilon-aminocaproic acid, indicating that the interaction involved lysine residues. Plg bound to recombinant mycobacterial proteins was activated to Plm by tissue-type Plg activator. In contrast with recombinant proteins, M. tuberculosis SE enhanced several times the Plg activation mediated by the activator. Interestingly, GlnA1 was able to bind the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin. Together these results show that M. tuberculosis posses several Plg receptors suggesting that bound Plg to bacteria surface, can be activated to Plm, endowing bacteria with the ability to break down ECM and basal membranes proteins contributing to tissue injury in tuberculosis.

[Development of a multiantigenic serological test for tuberculosis diagnosis]. / Utilidad de una prueba serológica multiantigénica en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: The present work evaluated a multi-antigen printing immunoassay (MAPIA) for the serological diagnosis of tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera were obtained from 66 patients with tuberculosis, verified clinically and bacteriologically and from 47 healthy individuals (control group). Sample sera were used for detection of antibodies against 3 enriched mixtures of proteins and 5 unique recombinant antigens. The antigens were presented in a solid matrix. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were evaluated and confirmed by a logistic regression analysis. A prevalence value was calculated and used for the selection of the best antigenic combination. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity values of individual antigens varied between 5-83% and 9-100%. The enriched mixtures values were more accurate than those obtained with the recombinant antigens. Combinations of several antigens improved the sensitivity values up to the 81% level. In most cases, specificity values of 57% or less were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that the multiantigenic test can be a useful screening tool, to be used in conjunction with the more definitive diagnostic tests.

Utilidad de una prueba serológica multiantigénica en el diagnóstico de tuberculosis / Development of a multiantigenic serological test for tuberculosis diagnosis

Introducción. La heterogeneidad en el patrón de reconocimiento antigénico observado en los enfermos infectados con Mycobacterium tuberculosis hace evidente la necesidad de contar con una técnica rápida y accesible para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. La disponibilidad de pruebas que empleen diferentes antígenos podría ser de utilidad para aumentar la sensibilidad de la detección.Objetivo. Evaluar el uso de una prueba multiantigénica (Mapia) de fácil manejo y evaluación visual en el diagnóstico serológico de la tuberculosis. Metodología. Se estudiaron 66 sueros de pacientes con enfermedad tuberculosa comprobada y 47 sueros de individuos no tuberculosos, y se detectó la presencia de anticuerpos para 8 antígenos: 3 mezclas enriquecidas en antígenos y 5 antígenos recombinantes, incluidos en una matriz sólida cuya lectura se realizó cualitativamente. Los antígenos fueron evaluados por sus características de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos, confirmados mediante análisis de regresión logística del cual se obtuvo la razón de prevalencia utilizada para la selección de la combinación antigénica mas adecuada. Resultados. Los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad de los antígenos individuales variaron entre 5 por ciento y 83 por ciento y 9 por ciento y 100 por ciento, respectivamente; los valores de las mezclas enriquecidas fueron mejores que los valores presentados por los antígenos recombinantes. La combinación de varios antígenos mejoró notablemente los valores de sensibilidad hasta 81 por ciento, pero en la mayoría de los casos se obtuvieron valores de especificidad menores al 57 por ciento

Expression, secretion, and glycosylation of the 45- and 47-kDa glycoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Streptomyces lividans.

The gene encoding the 45/47 kDa glycoprotein (Rv1860) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was expressed in Streptomyces lividans under its own promoter and under the thiostrepton-inducible Streptomyces promoter PtipA. The recombinant protein was released into the culture medium and, like the native protein, migrated as a double band at 45 and 47 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) gels. However, in contrast to the native protein, only the 47-kDa recombinant protein could be labeled with concanavalin A (ConA). Carbohydrate digestion with jack bean alpha-D-mannosidase resulted in a reduction in the molecular mass of the recombinant protein upper band and completely eliminated ConA binding. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed only one isoelectric point for the recombinant protein. Comparative fingerprinting analysis of the individually purified upper and lower recombinant protein bands, treated under the same conditions with specific proteases, resulted in similar peptide patterns, and the peptides had the same N-terminal sequence, suggesting that migration of the recombinant protein as two bands in SDS-PAGE gels could be due to differences in glycosylation. Mass spectrometry analysis of the recombinant protein indicated that as in native protein, both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of the recombinant protein are glycosylated. Furthermore, it was determined that antibodies of human tuberculosis patients reacted mainly against the carbohydrate residues of the glycoprotein. Altogether, these observations show that expression of genes for mycobacterial antigens in S. lividans is very useful for elucidation of the functional role and molecular mechanisms of glycosylation in bacteria.