RESUMO
The paper covers investigation of cytogenetic activity of chiral mutagens and their specific effects on the plant cells chromosomes of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Comparative analysis of cytogenetic activity of chiral NEU: S(+)1-N-nitroso- 1-N-methyl-3-N-sec-buthylureas (S(+)NMsBU) and R(-)1-N-nitroso- 1N-methyl-3-Nsec-buthylureas (R(-)NMsBU) on winter wheat was performed. As it was shown by the frequency of chromosomal aberrations the S(+) stereoisomer was twice more active than R(-). In addition to typical anaphase aberrations (fragments, bridges, lagging chromosomes) the numerous mitosis pathologies were revealed - K-mitoses, hyperspiralization and despiralization of chromosomes, unequal allocation of chromosomes between the daughter nuclei, mass fragmentation, nondisjunction and chromosome adhesion, three-pole mitoses, etc. Neither of the mentioned pathologies was observed under the action of NEU and gamma-rays.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromossomos de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Nitrosoureia/farmacologia , Triticum , Núcleo Celular/genética , Núcleo Celular/efeitos da radiação , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos da radiação , Cromossomos de Plantas/efeitos da radiação , Cromossomos de Plantas/ultraestrutura , Raios gama , Mitose/efeitos da radiação , Mutagênicos/síntese química , Compostos de Nitrosoureia/síntese química , Estereoisomerismo , Triticum/citologia , Triticum/efeitos dos fármacos , Triticum/genética , Triticum/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
The effect of mutagenic factors on maize generative cells during different gametogenesis stages, as well as on mature pollen and gametes causes an essential raise in frequency, widening in visible mutation spectra and seems to be more efficient than on dry seeds. Original mutations on qualitative and quantitative characters have been obtained.
Assuntos
Variação Genética/genética , Células Germinativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênicos/farmacologia , Sementes/genética , Zea mays/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas/genética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Raios gama , Variação Genética/efeitos dos fármacos , Variação Genética/efeitos da radiação , Genótipo , Células Germinativas/efeitos da radiação , Meiose/efeitos dos fármacos , Meiose/genética , Meiose/efeitos da radiação , Pólen/efeitos dos fármacos , Pólen/genética , Pólen/efeitos da radiação , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/efeitos da radiação , Zea mays/efeitos dos fármacos , Zea mays/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Mutagenic effect of the new herbicide titus has been studied by the tests of chromosome aberration and gene mutations in maize. It has been shown that the preparation in question possesses a definite mutagenic activity, which sometimes 5-7 times exceeded the level of spontaneous mutating. Therefore, when recommending it for application in agriculture it is necessary strict following recommended doses, because even slight excess may result in considerable genetic consequences. It is also of great importance to apply this herbicide during the recommended stage. The application of titus for maize in hybridization plots as well as in nurseries for reproduction of elite and super elite lines is not recommended.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Piridinas/toxicidade , Sulfonamidas/toxicidade , Zea mays/genética , Testes de MutagenicidadeRESUMO
Among the nitrozoalkylureas studied, nitrozoethylurea proved to be the most effective in respect to the frequency of induced chromosome aberrations. Diazoketones, except for bis-diazoacetyl had a negligible effect on the chromosome structure. As to the frequency of induced visible mutations (M1-M3) diazoacetone, nitrosodiethylurea, bis-diazoacetyl and nitrozodimethylurea (88.8-54.3% of mutations) were the most active among 10 studied mutagens.
