Estudio de la composición de nutrientes en el etiquetado nutricional de productos alimenticios industrializados, tipo snack / Study of the nutrient composition in nutritional labeling of industrialized foods, type snack

El etiquetado es el punto más visible de la información de un alimento y constituye uno de los pilares básicos en los que se apoya su comercialización. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la composición de nutrientes en el etiquetado nutricional de productos industrializados, tipo snacks, que se comercializan en grandes cadenas de supermercados en Caracas, Venezuela. Se recolectaron en total 472 etiquetados nutricionales de alimentos industrializados (nacionales e importados). Se clasificó a los productos alimenticios en 5 grupos, de acuerdo al nombre descriptivo expresado por la empresa fabricante en el etiquetado nutricional: a base de Cereales, a base de Plátanos-Tubérculos, a base de Frutos Secos, Bebidas y Golosinas. Debido a que los valores del etiquetado nutricional se basan en la ración o porción a consumir, y ya que diferían para cada producto, se calculó el contenido nutricional sobre la base de 100 gramos de peso comestible; esto con la finalidad de unificar todos los datos a una misma base para poder compararlos, y promediarlos entre sí. Se muestran los valores de ración y contenido neto; así como, el aporte calórico y de macronutrientes de los 44 subgrupos de alimentos evaluados. Este trabajo representa una contribución para el análisis de la composición nutricional del etiquetado de los productos industrializados, tipo snacks; permite su uso para la evaluación nutricional de individuos y colectivos, además de asentar las bases para la creación de una guía de etiquetados nutricionales.

The labeling is the most visible point of the information of a food and constitutes one of the basic pillars that support its marketing. The aim of this work was to study the composition of nutrients in nutrition labeling of processed products, type snacks, than sold in large supermarket chains in Caracas, Venezuela. 472 nutritional labeling of processed foods were collected in total (domestic and imported). Food products were classified into 5 groups, according to the descriptive name expressed by the manufacturer in nutrition labeling: based on Cereals, based on Plantains-Tubers, based on Nuts, Drinks and Treats. Because nutrition labeling values are based on the serving or portion size, the nutritional content based on 100 grams of edible weight was calculated; this in order to unify all data to a common basis for comparison, and average them together. Tables show the values of ration and net content, as well as, the caloric and macronutrient values of the 44 food subgroups evaluated. This work represents a contribution to the analysis of the nutritional composition labeling of industrial product, type snacks; allows its use for nutritional assessment of individuals and groups, as well as lay the groundwork for the creation of a nutritional labeling guide.

Clinical grade manufacturing of human alloantigen-reactive regulatory T cells for use in transplantation.

Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy has the potential to induce transplantation tolerance so that immunosuppression and associated morbidity can be minimized. Alloantigen-reactive Tregs (arTregs) are more effective at preventing graft rejection than polyclonally expanded Tregs (PolyTregs) in murine models. We have developed a manufacturing process to expand human arTregs in short-term cultures using good manufacturing practice-compliant reagents. This process uses CD40L-activated allogeneic B cells to selectively expand arTregs followed by polyclonal restimulation to increase yield. Tregs expanded 100- to 1600-fold were highly alloantigen reactive and expressed the phenotype of stable Tregs. The alloantigen-expanded Tregs had a diverse TCR repertoire. They were more potent than PolyTregs in vitro and more effective at controlling allograft injuries in vivo in a humanized mouse model.

La vigilancia nutricional en atención primaria de salud / The nutritional vigilance in the primary health care

La vigilancia nutricional, tiene un papel fundamental en Atención Primaria de Salud, ya que está dirigida a efectuar el diagnóstico de la situación nutricional de los factores condicionantes, de la población expuesta a riesgo, con el objeto de hacer las recomendaciones para tomar medidas de atención a corto y mediano plazo. En el pais, esta vigilancia se cumple a traves del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN) conducido por el Instituto Nacional de Nutrición, el cual mediante sus diferentes componentes aporta la información necesaria para obtener oportunamente, las características de la situación por Entidades Federales. La relación mas directa que existe entre Atención Primaria y SISVAN, está representada por el componente menores de 15 años, ya que es en los Organismos de Salud, del Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social, donde se recolectan los datos antropométricos de esa población, con los cuales se construyen los indicadores necesarios para elaborar la información correspondiente al diagnóstico nutricional..

Effects of the resin and smoke condensate of Cannabis sativa on the oestrous cycle of the rat.

This study is concerned with variations in the oestrous cycle of the Sprague-Dawley rat following the intraperitoneal administration of maize oil solutions of Cannabis sativa resin and smoke condensate in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg. Oestrus was shortened with doses of both the resin and the smoke condensate, whereas dioestrus was lengthened with the 20 mg/kg smoke condensate. ALso observed was a lengthening of postoestrus following the administration of 20 mg/kg of either the resin or the smoke condensate.

[Intestinal amebiasis in children. I. Etiological study of colonic lesions of the rectosigmoid colon]. / La amebiasis intestinal en el niño. I. Estudio etiológico de las lesiones de colon rectosigmoideo.

A total of 253 children from two months to 12 years old, who had diarrheic or dysenteric syndromes, were studied from the rectosigmoidoscopic and parasitologic points of view. In addition, 112 and 20 of these patients were also studied bacteriologically and virologically, respectively. Only in 28 patients torphozoites of Entamoeba histolytica were found by means of direct microscopic examination, staining techniques and amoebal cultures. Enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated in 41 of the 112 cases examined. No viral particles were detected in the 20 cases studied. From the discussion of these results, the conclusion is reached that the rectosigmoidal mucusal alterations which have been currently considered as suggesting amoebal lessions are not characteristic of invasive intestinal amebiasis in children.