Compared Profile of Late-Onset Versus Childhood-Onset ADHD: A Case-Control Study Among Treatment-Seeking Adult Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of childhood-onset versus late-onset Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a sample of treatment-seeking patients. METHOD: Among total of 101 adult patients who were recently diagnosed for ADHD, using the Diagnostic Interview for Adult ADHD (DIVA 2.0), 56 subjects exhibited childhood-onset ADHD, versus 45 displayed late-onset ADHD. Both groups were compared according to their sociodemographic, clinical, and neuropsychological features, providing crude (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR), and their 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]. RESULTS: Compared to late-onset ADHD, patients with childhood-onset had a lower educational score, (OR = 0.52; 95% CI [0.35, 0.76]), a greater score of impulsivity (aOR = 1.09; 95% CI [1.03, 1.16]), an increased number of hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms (aOR = 1.9; 95% CI [1.46, 2.47]), and higher rates childhood trauma (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI [1.01, 1.13]), cannabis use disorder (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI [1.01, 1.13]), and working memory impairment. No difference was observed concerning age, sex, psychiatric symptoms, quality of life, and autonomy. CONCLUSION: Childhood-onset adult ADHD displayed a more severe profile, relative to late-onset ADHD.

Insufficient Physical Activity Is a Global Marker of Severity in Alcohol Use Disorder: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in 382 Treatment-Seeking Patients.

Improving physical activity (PA) in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) has recently emerged as an important component of the global treatment strategy to improve drinking outcomes and quality of life. However, this new approach should focus on AUD patients with insufficient baseline PA and requires this subgroup to be better characterized. In a population of 382 treatment-seeking AUD patients, PA was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and participants were divided into two groups: insufficient PA group and sufficient PA group. The severity of the AUD was assessed using the DSM-5 criteria, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire. In logistic regression models, individuals with insufficient PA were more likely than other AUD individuals to present a higher Body Mass Index (p < 0.001), a higher number of AUD DSM-5 criteria (p < 0.05), more frequent opioid use (p < 0.05), higher scores at the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (p < 0.001), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (p < 0.001), impulsivity scale (p < 0.05), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (p < 0.05), and lower WHO Quality of Life (p < 0.001) scores. In AUD, an insufficient baseline PA is associated with several markers of severity, and physical exercise interventions should be part of a multimodal treatment program integrating the global impairments of patients.

Validation of the French version of the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised and comparison with the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test for screening cannabis use disorder in a psychiatric sample.

INTRODUCTION: Several questionnaires have been developed for screening cannabis use disorder in clinical populations, but very few studies have compared the screening abilities of the different instruments. Here, we aimed to confirm the psychometric properties of a French version of the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R), and to compare its screening abilities with those of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST), in subjects consulting in mental health settings. METHODS: Two hundred and thirteen cannabis smokers who sought treatment for any type of mental disorder, recruited in four French centres, completed the French CUDIT-R (CUDIT-R-Fr) and the full version of the CAST, and were assessed for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria of cannabis use disorder by an addiction specialist. They were retested with the CUDIT-R-Fr after approximately a week. The factorial construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the CUDIT-R-Fr were assessed. The compared sensitivity and specificity of the CAST and CUDIT-R-Fr were explored, using the clinician assessment as the reference. RESULTS: The French CUDIT-R showed a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and an excellent test-retest reliability (ρ = 0.97). The sensitivity and specificity for screening cannabis use disorder were 0.81 and 0.77 for the CUDIT-R, and 0.92 and 0.63 for the CAST, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the recommended cut-offs, the CAST appeared more sensitive, while the CUDIT-R was more specific, for screening cannabis use disorder in a population of cannabis users with heterogeneous types of mental health disorders.