Updates on disorders in curly hair.

Hair disorders, including central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA), traction alopecia (TA), and acquired trichorrhexis nodosa (ATN), commonly occur in individuals with curly textured hair. Curly textured hair in individuals of African descent has unique properties and can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. CCCA has been linked to uterine leiomyoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as fibroproliferation. TA often presents with a fringe sign and can arise from high-tension hairstyles presumed to be protective. Trichoscopy is useful in establishing a diagnosis; perifollicular halos are more commonly seen than perifollicular erythema or scale in CCCA. In TA, miniaturized follicles, hair casts, and "flambeau sign" can be seen. Hairstyling practices likely contribute to TA and ATN; however, the data are mixed on the role of chemical relaxers and heat styling in CCCA. Unique considerations in the presentation of frontal fibrosing alopecia in curly textured hair have also been published recently. This review provides a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of these disorders with an emphasis on their unique properties, as well as considerations in hair care for curly textured hair.

Clinical factors and hair care practices influencing outcomes in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is the most common form of primary scarring alopecia in women of African descent, negatively impacting their quality of life. Treatment is often challenging, and we usually direct therapy to suppress and prevent the inflammation. However, factors affecting clinical outcomes are still unknown. To characterize medical features, concurrent medical conditions, hair care practices, and treatments used for patients with CCCA and assess their relationship with treatment outcomes. We analyzed data from a retrospective chart review of 100 patients diagnosed with CCCA who received treatment for at least one year. Treatment outcomes were compared with patient characteristics to determine any relationships. P-values were calculated using logistic regression and univariate analysis with 95% CI P < 0.05 was considered significant. After one year of treatment, 50% of patients were stable, 36% improved, and 14% worsened. Patients without a history of thyroid disease (P = 0.0422), using metformin for diabetes control (P = 0.0255), using hooded dryers (P = 0.0062), wearing natural hairstyles (P = 0.0103), and having no other physical signs besides cicatricial alopecia (P = 0.0228), had higher odds of improvement after treatment. Patients with scaling (P = 0.0095) or pustules (P = 0.0325) had higher odds of worsening. Patients with a history of thyroid disease (P = 0.0188), not using hooded dryers (0.0438), or not wearing natural hairstyles (P = 0.0098) had higher odds of remaining stable. Clinical characteristics, concurrent medical conditions, and hair care practices may affect clinical outcomes after treatment. With this information, providers can adjust proper therapies and evaluations for patients with Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.

Scarring Alopecia.

African hair shaft and pigmented scalp have unique features that challenge diagnosis in scarring alopecia. In addition, Black patients may associate 2 or more types of hair disorders. Therefore, it is imperative to understand their findings thoroughly to establish a good diagnosis. Differential diagnosis on the frontal scalp includes traction alopecia and frontal fibrosing alopecia. Disorders such as central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution, discoid lupus erythematosus, and lichen planopilaris usually affect the middle scalp. Folliculitis decalvans, dissecting cellulitis, and acne keloidalis nuchae are the main differential diagnosis of the posterior scalp.

Traction Alopecia.

This Patient Page describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of traction alopecia.

Topical Minoxidil Adherence in Patients With Alopecia.

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to topical minoxidil in alopecia patients is a barrier to efficacy. Understanding patient factors associated with adherence and non-adherence may provide actionable targets to improve adherence and outcomes. METHODS: Ninety-nine alopecia patients at an outpatient university dermatology specialty clinic completed a survey assessing demographics and aspects of treatment adherence. Patients currently using minoxidil additionally completed a survey grading their level of adherence. A two-sample t-test was used to compare the average age between adherent and non-adherent groups. Differences in demographics and patient factors by adherence level were evaluated using the 2-tailed χ2 test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Adherent patients had been using topical minoxidil for a median of 24 months when surveyed; non-adherent patients used the medication for a median of 3.5 months prior to discontinuation. A larger portion of non-adherent patients used minoxidil for fewer than 3 months (35%) compared to adherent patients (3%), P<.001. The most common reason non-adherent patients discontinued therapy was no improvement (50%). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Non-adherent patients were less likely to use topical minoxidil for at least 3 months and often cited lack of improvement as a reason for discontinuing. Patient education and intervention prior to the 3-month mark may help improve adherence. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(3): doi:10.36849/JDD.6639.

A comprehensive review of platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of dermatologic disorders.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) offers anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties through angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Although studied in many dermatologic conditions, its efficacy is not well-understood. Our objective is to review the use and effectiveness of PRP for dermatologic conditions. A literature search was performed through PubMed and yielded 54 articles published between January 2000 and November 2021; articles written in English were reviewed. Intradermal injections were associated with increased hair density in androgenic alopecia. Successful treatment of inflammatory nail diseases with PRP has been reported. Improvement in psoriasis was described, but only two studies were available. PRP was associated with higher patient self-assessment scores of photoaging and fine lines. Treatment with PRP in melasma has been associated with improved subjective satisfaction, but not with objective measures of disease improvement. PRP can serve as a safe and potentially effective adjunct for hair loss, vitiligo, nonhealing wounds, photoaging, and acne scars. An important barrier to interpreting PRP research is lack of standardization of PRP preparation protocols, inconsistent clinical endpoints, and frequent combination treatments. However, PRP is relatively noninvasive, has a well-established safety profile, and patient satisfaction is often high as patients perceive great benefit from treatment with PRP.

Polineuropatía por amiloidosis por transtiretina de inicio tardío. Caso clínico / Late-onset hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Report of one case

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis is a multisystemic autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by progressive distal sensory-motor polyneuropathy or restrictive cardiomyopathy, secondary to amyloid deposits. Its pathogenesis lies in the TTR gene mutation, and the Val50Met mutation is the most frequent. Patients have significant differences in the onset and severity of clinical presentation according to their country of origin. The diagnosis of this pathology is complex, even more in countries where it is not considered endemic. However, early suspicion and management are essential to improve survival and avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. We report a 69-year-old woman who presented a sensory-motor polyneuropathy, predominantly sensory, associated with distal neuropathic pain and bilateral vitritis. The history of her Italian father with polyneuropathy of unspecified etiology stood out. A vitreous biopsy identified amyloid substance deposits (congo red positive). These were also confirmed on a superficial peroneal nerve biopsy. During the etiological study of her polyneuropathy, an increased Kappa/Lambda index of 2.55 mg/L stood out. Therefore, light chain amyloidosis was suspected, and chemotherapy treatment was indicated without favorable response. After 10 years of progressive neurological and ophthalmological involvement, a genetic study confirmed the first case of late-onset hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis Val50Met with polyneuropathy in Chile.

[Late-onset hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. Report of one case]. / Polineuropatía por amiloidosis por transtiretina de inicio tardío. Caso clínico.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis is a multisystemic autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by progressive distal sensory-motor polyneuropathy or restrictive cardiomyopathy, secondary to amyloid deposits. Its pathogenesis lies in the TTR gene mutation, and the Val50Met mutation is the most frequent. Patients have significant differences in the onset and severity of clinical presentation according to their country of origin. The diagnosis of this pathology is complex, even more in countries where it is not considered endemic. However, early suspicion and management are essential to improve survival and avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. We report a 69-year-old woman who presented a sensory-motor polyneuropathy, predominantly sensory, associated with distal neuropathic pain and bilateral vitritis. The history of her Italian father with polyneuropathy of unspecified etiology stood out. A vitreous biopsy identified amyloid substance deposits (congo red positive). These were also confirmed on a superficial peroneal nerve biopsy. During the etiological study of her polyneuropathy, an increased Kappa/Lambda index of 2.55 mg/L stood out. Therefore, light chain amyloidosis was suspected, and chemotherapy treatment was indicated without favorable response. After 10 years of progressive neurological and ophthalmological involvement, a genetic study confirmed the first case of late-onset hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis Val50Met with polyneuropathy in Chile.

Images in Scalp Ultrasound Before and After Hair Transplant in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia.

ABSTRACT: Primary cicatricial alopecias are inflammatory scalp conditions that may lead to permanent hair loss and severe alopecia. Frontal fibrosing alopecia is one of the most frequent etiologies of primary cicatricial alopecias. Hair transplant could be a therapeutic option.High-resolution ultrasound (US) is an imaging technique useful for evaluating scalp with adequate differentiation of the skin layers. Also, hair follicles are visualized.The objectives are present presurgical and posttransplant scalp US studies on hair transplant.Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a chronic entity that can progress to extensive irreversible alopecia. Hair transplant is a surgical option. On US, the hair follicles are visualized as thin hypoechoic lines. With Doppler color imaging, it is possible to evaluate vascularization. In this experience, we can observe the follicles of the compromised area before and after the hair transplant and the depth of the implanted follicles.In conclusion, US impresses as a promissory technique for the imaging of hair transplant. More experience is necessary for a better approach of these findings.