[Evolution study in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea]. / Datos evolutivos en niños estudiados por sospecha de síndrome de apnea del sueño.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common disorder in childhood with an uncertain evolution. OBJECTIVES: Study of children's clinical evolution with suspected diagnosis of OSAS, which was carried out after two years of an overnight polisomnogram. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 73 children were studied. We evaluated if they had been operated and what type of surgery was performed, Brouillete Scale and subjective impressions. We have correlated: age, clinical evolution and surgery. RESULTS: Age was inversely correlated with changes in Brouillete (r=-0.39, p=0.002), standing out that children that underwent surgery were younger (4.1 vs. 7.0 years, Student t: -4.22, p=0.00009). Without the influence of age, the difference between evolution in operated and not operated ones was not significative, statistically speaking, but it was if we analysed the different types of surgery by themselves (Snedecor F: 3.9, p=0.007), tonsillectomy was the larger. CONCLUSION: The middle-term evolution in children with OSAS is good if we use the correct treatment.

Datos evolutivos en niños estudiados por sospecha de síndrome de apnea del sueño / Evolution study in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea

Introducción: El SAOS infantil es un trastorno prevalente en la infancia de evolución incierta. Objetivo: Estudio evolutivo de niños con sospecha de SAOS tras dos años de la realización de un polisomnograma nocturno. Pacientes y métodos: Se estudian 73 niños. Valoramos: el haber sido sometidos a cirugía y de qué tipo, el cuestionario de Brouillette y una impresión subjetiva por parte de los padres de la evolución del niño tras la intervención. Se relacionan las variables edad, evolución clínica y cirugía. Resultados: Observamos relación inversa (r=-0,39, p=0,002) entre edad y cambios en el Brouillete, destacando que los operados tienen una edad menor (4,1 vs. 7,0 años, t de Student: -4.22, p=0;00009). Sin contar la edad, la diferencia entre la evolución de operados y no operados no es significativa, pero lo es al analizar por separado los distintos tipos de intervención (F de Snedecor: 3,9, p=0;007), superando los amigdalectomizados al resto. Conclusión: La evolución a medio plazo de los niños con SAOS es satisfactoria si son correctamente tratados. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common disorder in childhood with an uncertain evolution. OBJECTIVES: Study of children's clinical evolution with suspected diagnosis of OSAS, which was carried out after two years of an overnight polisomnogram. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 73 children were studied. We evaluated if they had been operated and what type of surgery was performed, Brouillete Scale and subjective impressions. We have correlated: age, clinical evolution and surgery. RESULTS: Age was inversely correlated with changes in Brouillete (r=-0.39, p=0.002), standing out that children that underwent surgery were younger (4.1 vs. 7.0 years, Student t: -4.22, p=0.00009). Without the influence of age, the difference between evolution in operated and not operated ones was not significative, statistically speaking, but it was if we analysed the different types of surgery by themselves (Snedecor F: 3.9, p=0.007), tonsillectomy was the larger. CONCLUSION: The middle-term evolution in children with OSAS is good if we use the correct treatment (AU)

[Cognitive evoked potentials in autistic children]. / Potenciales evocados cognitivos en niños autistas.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine the latency, amplitude and distribution of N400 potential in order to evaluate the semantic processing capacity in autistic children and in children suffering from Asperger s syndrome (AS), and to compare them with a control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 24 autistic children, six boys with AS and 25 controls, aged between 6 and 14 years old. The cases were examined using the DSM IV diagnostic criteria. Auditory stimulation was performed with pairs of congruent and incongruent words: two lists of 20 pairs of semantically related words (congruent) and 20 pairs of words with no semantic relationship whatsoever (incongruent). RESULTS: The most striking parameter is the increase in latency in N400 for the group of autistic children, which did not occur in the group of children with AS. Maximum N400 negativity for the children with autism was found in the left frontocentral region. No significant differences were observed for the amplitude of N400 between the three groups that were studied. CONCLUSION: Neurophysiologically, the autistic children and those affected by AS perhaps use different neuronal networks in semantic processing. The N400 wave can be a valid test for monitoring verbal processing in these children.

Potenciales evocados cognitivos en niños autistas / Cognitive evoked potentials in autistic children

Objetivo. Estudiar la latencia, amplitud y distribución del potencial N400 para valorar la capacidad de procesamiento semántico en niños autistas y en niños con síndrome de Asperger (SA) y compararlos con un grupo control. Pacientes y métodos. 24 niños autistas, seis niños con SA y 25 controles, con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 14 años. Se utilizaron los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV para los casos. Se realizó una estimulación auditiva con pares de palabras congruentes e incongruentes: dos listas de 20 pares de palabras relacionadas semánticamente (congruentes) y 20 pares de palabras sin relación semántica alguna (incongruentes). Resultados. El parámetro más llamativo es el incremento de la latencia en la N400 para el grupo de autistas, que no fue así en el grupo de niños con SA. La máxima negatividad de la N400 para los niños con autismo se localiza en la región frontocentral izquierda. No se observaron diferencias significativas para la amplitud de la N400 entre los tres grupos estudiados. Conclusión. Neurofisiológicamente, los niños autistas y los afectos de SA posiblemente utilizan redes neuronales diferentes para el procesamiento semántico. La onda N400 puede ser un test válido para el seguimiento del procesamiento verbal de estos niños (AU)

Aims. The aim of this study was to examine the latency, amplitude and distribution of N400 potential in order to evaluate the semantic processing capacity in autistic children and in children suffering from Asperger’s syndrome (AS), and to compare them with a control group. Patients and methods. 24 autistic children, six boys with AS and 25 controls, aged between 6 and 14 years old. The cases were examined using the DSM IV diagnostic criteria. Auditory stimulation was performed with pairs of congruent and incongruent words: two lists of 20 pairs of semantically related words (congruent) and 20 pairs of words with no semantic relationship whatsoever (incongruent). Results. The most striking parameter is the increase in latency in N400 for the group of autistic children, which did not occur in the group of children with AS. Maximum N400 negativity for the children with autism was found in the left frontocentral region. No significant differences were observed for the amplitude of N400 between the three groups that were studied. Conclusion. Neurophysiologically, the autistic children and those affected by AS perhaps use different neuronal networks in semantic processing. The N400 wave can be a valid test for monitoring verbal processing in these children (AU)

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