Occurrence of salmonella spp. in broiler chicken feces in the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are gram-negative rods, facultative anaerobic non-spore formers, which may or may not be flagellated. These bacteria are frequently detected in poultry products and are important in animal and public health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in feces from broiler chicken litters located in municipalities of the central region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study analyzed 845 feces samples from different poultry farms collected between September 2016 and March 2017. Pre-enrichment broths, specific selective broths and selective indicator agar were used for the analyses. The suspected isolates were submitted to biochemical testing and serotyping with "O" and "H" antisera to identify the Salmonella serotypes. The results showed that 213 feces samples were contaminated with Salmonella, and the serotypes found were: S. Minnesota, S. Sandiego, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Infantis, S. Hadar, S. enterica subsp. enterica (O: 4.5), S. Montevideo, S. Miami, S. Heidelberg, S. Cerro, S. Ndolo, S. Panama, S. Anatum, S. Tennessee, S. Agona, S. Newport and S. Muenster. The Minnesota serotype was predominant among the isolates investigated. Actions to improve the biosafety of commercial poultry farms are necessary to prevent possible contamination of poultry products that endanger human health.

As bactérias do gênero Salmonella são bastonetes gram-negativos, formadores anaeróbicos facultativos não esporos, que podem ou não ser flagelados. Essas bactérias são freqüentemente detectadas em produtos avícolas e são importantes na saúde animal e pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em fezes de ninhadas de frangos de corte localizados em municípios da região central do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O estudo analisou 845 amostras de fezes de diferentes granjas de aves coletadas entre setembro de 2016 e março de 2017. Caldos de pré-enriquecimento, caldos seletivos específicos e ágar indicador seletivo foram utilizados para as análises. Os isolados suspeitos foram submetidos a testes bioquímicos e sorotipagem com anti-soros "O" e "H" para identificar os sorotipos de Salmonella. Os resultados mostraram que 213 amostras de fezes estavam contaminadas com Salmonella, e os sorotipos encontrados foram: S. Minnesota, S. Sandiego, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Infantis, S. Hadar, S. enterica subsp. enterica (O: 4.5), S. Montevidéu, S. Miami, S. Heidelberg, S. Cerro, S. Ndolo, S. Panamá, S. Anatum, S. Tennessee, S. Agona, S. Newport e S. Muenster . O sorotipo Minnesota foi predominante entre os isolados investigados. Ações para melhorar a biossegurança das granjas comerciais de aves são necessárias para evitar a possível contaminação dos produtos avícolas que põem em risco a saúde humana.

The Pmr1 protein, the major yeast Ca2+-ATPase in the Golgi, regulates intracellular levels of the cadmium ion.

Cadmium is a nonessential, highly toxic heavy metal that shows ionic properties similar to calcium. These ionic similarities imply that the cadmium ion, Cd2+, is a calcium ion, Ca2+, receptor-agonist, affecting the same biochemical pathways involved in Ca2+ homeostasis. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the PMC1 and PMR1 genes encode vacuolar and Golgi Ca2+-ATPases, respectively. The PMR1 protein product Pmr1p is involved in both Ca2+ and Mn2+ homeostasis. This study investigated the importance of Pmc1p and Pmr1p for Cd2+ cellular detoxification. Using the standard techniques of yeast molecular research and a multielemental procedure named particle-induced X-ray emission, Pmr1p was identified as a protein that directly participates in the detoxification of Cd2+, possibly through the secretory pathway. The results allow us to posit a model of Cd2+ detoxification where Pmr1p has a central role in cell survival in a Cd2+-rich environment.