A Guide for Planning and Implementing Successful Mental Health Educational Programs.

INTRODUCTION: Considering the global burden of mental disorders, there is a worldwide need to improve the quality of mental health care. In order to address this issue, a change in how health care professionals are trained may be essential. However, the majority of the few reports published on this field's training programs do not discuss the characteristics associated with the success or failure of these strategies. The purpose of this review was to systematically examine the literature about mental health training programs designed for health care professionals in order to identify the relevant factors associated with their effective implementation. METHODS: The MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, and Virtual Health Library databases were used to search for articles published before February 2017 and reviewed by two double-blind reviewers. RESULTS: We found 77 original papers about mental health educational programs. Many of these studies were conducted in the USA (39%), addressed depression as the main subject (34%), and applied a quasi-experimental design (52%). Effective interventions were associated with the following characteristics: the use of learner-centered and interactive methodological approaches; a curriculum based on challenges in the trainees' daily routines; the involvement of experts in the program's development; the enrollment of experienced participants; interdisciplinary group work; flexible timing; the use of e-learning resources; and optimizing the implementation of knowledge into the participants' routine work practices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These results will be helpful for planning and improving the quality of future educational programs in mental health.

An evaluation of a collaborative course for child and adolescent mental health professionals.

There is a considerable gap between the offer and the demand for mental health treatment of children and adolescents, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Permanent education in these countries is a promising and needed strategy to reduce this gap. This study was designed to evaluate the perceived impact of an educational intervention for child and adolescent mental health professionals in Brazil, the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Specialization Course (CESMIA). The intervention consisted of a 360-hour interprofessional postgraduation course. The CESMIA offered lectures and small-group case discussions for exchanging their experiences in dealing with the patients. The students were placed in these groups according to their professions in order to ensure a proportional distribution of healthcare professionals in each group. The evaluation employed a quasi-experimental design by the use of a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey. The 39 participants reported significant improvement in all KAP dimensions. More specifically, the data indicated a 17% improvement for attitudes, a 9.4% increase for knowledge, and a 14% improvement for the practice dimensions. The CESMIA appeared to improve the level of knowledge of participants and their attitudes and actions towards patients, which reinforces the relevance of similar courses.

How to improve the mental health care of children and adolescents in Brazil: actions needed in the public sector / Como aprimorar a assistência à saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros: ações recomendadas para o sistema público

INTRODUCTION: Child/adolescent mental health (CAMH) problems are associated with high burden and high costs across the patient's lifetime. Addressing mental health needs early on can be cost effective and improve the future quality of life. OBJECTIVE/METHODS: Analyzing most relevant papers databases and policies, this paper discusses how to best address current gaps in CAMH services and presents strategies for improving access to quality care using existing resources. RESULTS: The data suggest a notable scarcity of health services and providers to treat CAMH problems. Specialized services such as CAPSi (from Portuguese: Psychosocial Community Care Center for Children and Adolescents) are designed to assist severe cases; however, such services are insufficient in number and are unequally distributed. The majority of the population already has good access to primary care and further planning would allow them to become better equipped to address CAMH problems. Psychiatrists are scarce in the public health system, while psychologists and pediatricians are more available; but, additional specialized training in CAMH is recommended to optimize capabilities. Financial and career development incentives could be important drivers to motivate employment-seeking in the public health system. CONCLUSIONS: Although a long-term, comprehensive strategy addressing barriers to quality CAMH care is still necessary, implementation of these strategies could make.

INTRODUÇÃO: Problemas de saúde mental na infância/adolescência (SMIA) trazem diversos prejuízos e geram altos custos. A assistência precoce pode ser custo efetiva, levando a melhor qualidade de vida a longo prazo. OBJETIVOS/MÉTODO: Analisando os artigos mais relevantes, documentos do governo, base de dados e a política nacional, este artigo discute como melhor administrar a atual falta de serviços na área da SMIA e propõe estratégias para maximizar os serviços já existentes. RESULTADOS: Dados apontam evidente falta de serviços e de profissionais para tratar dos problemas de SMIA. Serviços especializados, como o CAPSi (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil) estão estruturados para assistir casos severos, mas são insuficientes e desigualmente distribuídos. A maioria da população já tem bom acesso às unidades básicas de saúde e um melhor planejamento ajudaria a prepará-las para melhor assistir indivíduos com problemas de SMIA. Psiquiatras são escassos no sistema público, enquanto psicólogos e pediatras estão mais disponíveis; para estes recomenda-se capacitação mais especializada em SMIA. Incentivos financeiros e de carreira motivariam profissionais a procurarem emprego no sistema público de saúde. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de estratégias complexas e de longo prazo serem necessárias para lidar com as atuais barreiras no campo da SMIA, a implantação de certas propostas simples já poderiam trazer impacto imediato e positivo neste cenário.

How to improve the mental health care of children and adolescents in Brazil: actions needed in the public sector.

INTRODUCTION: Child/adolescent mental health (CAMH) problems are associated with high burden and high costs across the patient's lifetime. Addressing mental health needs early on can be cost effective and improve the future quality of life. OBJECTIVE/METHODS: Analyzing most relevant papers databases and policies, this paper discusses how to best address current gaps in CAMH services and presents strategies for improving access to quality care using existing resources. RESULTS: The data suggest a notable scarcity of health services and providers to treat CAMH problems. Specialized services such as CAPSi (from Portuguese: Psychosocial Community Care Center for Children and Adolescents) are designed to assist severe cases; however, such services are insufficient in number and are unequally distributed. The majority of the population already has good access to primary care and further planning would allow them to become better equipped to address CAMH problems. Psychiatrists are scarce in the public health system, while psychologists and pediatricians are more available; but, additional specialized training in CAMH is recommended to optimize capabilities. Financial and career development incentives could be important drivers to motivate employment-seeking in the public health system. CONCLUSIONS: Although a long-term, comprehensive strategy addressing barriers to quality CAMH care is still necessary, implementation of these strategies could make.

Desafio para a atenção básica: incorporação da assistência em saúde mental / A challenge for primary health care: mental health care implementation

Com o objetivo de avaliar a atenção em saúde mental na atenção básica de saúde foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre os diagnósticos de Problemas de Saúde Mental (PSM), realizados pelos pediatras, e os prováveis PSM identificados por meio da aplicação de um questionário padronizado (CBCL). O estudo foi realizado com crianças de 5 a 11 anos atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde (UBS), entre agosto e outubro de 2002, no Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Para aprofundar a análise foram realizadas 11 entrevistas com os pediatras da UBS. A análise de 411 prontuários e dos 206 questionários aplicados aos pais, mostram que os pediatras realizaram diagnóstico de PSM em 17,5 por cento das crianças atendidas. Quando comparado com os prováveis PSM identificados pelo CBCL, apenas 25,3 por cento das crianças são identificadas com PSM pelos médicos. A entrevista realizada com os pediatras identifica dificuldades na definição de PSM, a carência de instrumentos para o reconhecimento dos problemas e falta de um sistema de encaminhamento, e carecem de apoio técnico específico.

Desafio para a atenção básica: incorporação da assistência em saúde mental / A challenge for primary health care: mental health care implementation

Com o objetivo de avaliar a atenção em saúde mental na atenção básica de saúde foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre os diagnósticos de Problemas de Saúde Mental (PSM), realizados pelos pediatras, e os prováveis PSM identificados por meio da aplicação de um questionário padronizado (CBCL). O estudo foi realizado com crianças de 5 a 11 anos atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde (UBS), entre agosto e outubro de 2002, no Município de São Paulo, Brasil. Para aprofundar a análise foram realizadas 11 entrevistas com os pediatras da UBS. A análise de 411 prontuários e dos 206 questionários aplicados aos pais, mostram que os pediatras realizaram diagnóstico de PSM em 17,5 por cento das crianças atendidas. Quando comparado com os prováveis PSM identificados pelo CBCL, apenas 25,3 por cento das crianças são identificadas com PSM pelos médicos. A entrevista realizada com os pediatras identifica dificuldades na definição de PSM, a carência de instrumentos para o reconhecimento dos problemas e falta de um sistema de encaminhamento, e carecem de apoio técnico específico(AU)

[A challenge for primary health care: mental health care implementation]. / Desafio para a atenção básica: incorporação da assistência em saúde mental.

The objective of this study was to evaluate mental health care provided within a primary health care setting. The study was conducted in a Primary Health Care Center (PHC) in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A comparative study was made between pediatricians' diagnosis of mental health problems and those identified by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in children (5-11 years) from August to October 2000. Eleven pediatricians were interviewed for more in-depth analysis. The study analyzed 411 patient charts and held 206 interviews with the children's parents. Analysis of the resulting data shows that the pediatricians provided a diagnosis of mental health problems in 17.5% of the children examined. When compared with probable mental health problems identified by the CBCL, only 25.3% of the children were diagnosed by the physician as having mental health problems. Interviews with pediatricians identified difficulties in the definition and conceptualization of mental health problems, lack of organization in the referral system, and insufficient technical support.