Are PEGJs a Risk Factor for the Buried Bumper Syndrome?

AIM: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEGs) with or without a jejunal extension (PEGJs) are a well-accepted method of enteral feeding. They are associated with a number of complications, including the buried bumper syndrome (BBS). We aimed to identify risk factors for BBS, our current management strategies, and optimal timing for surgical treatment. METHODS: Hospital coding and a database compiled by our specialist nutrition nurse were used to identify all cases of buried bumpers from January 2012 to December 2014 as well as all PEG/PEGJ devices inserted during this time. A retrospective case note review was performed for each patient with BBS to identify risk factors, management strategies, and outcomes. RESULTS: Two hundred twelve PEGs and 22 PEGJs were inserted. Nine patients were identified with BBS. Patients with PEGJ tubes were significantly more likely to develop BBS (7/22, 32%) than those with PEG tubes (2/212, 0.9%) P<0.01. There was one death in the study group because of abdominal sepsis associated with an intraperitoneal PEG bumper 33days after BBS was diagnosed and before removal was attempted. All other patients underwent laparotomy to remove the bumper. Mean hospital stay was 22days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Buried bumper syndrome is a serious condition which warrants urgent intervention. We have demonstrated a higher than expected rate of BBS associated with PEGJ tubes. We hypothesize that this may be related to the jejunal extensions leading to difficulty in the usual maintenance regimen that all carers are taught after PEG/PEGJ insertion.

Register based study of anorectal anomalies over 26 years: Associated anomalies, prevalence, and trends.

BACKGROUND: Anorectal anomalies are atresias or stenoses of the anal canal and rectum with or without fistulous connections with the bladder, urethra, perineum, or vestibule. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of anorectal anomalies, including associated anomalies, prevalence, and temporal trends. METHODS: Anorectal anomalies occurring in late miscarriages (>20 gestation weeks), terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (any gestation), stillbirths (≥24 gestation weeks) and live births, delivered from 1985 to 2010, notified to the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey (NorCAS) were included in this population-based case series. RESULTS: There were 278 cases among 892,194 live births. Twenty (7.2%) cases occurred in twin pregnancies and 24 (8.7%) with chromosomal anomalies/genetic syndromes were excluded. There were 234 cases (total prevalence = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4, 3.1 per 10,000 live and stillbirths). There was no evidence of a trend in prevalence over time (Chi(2) test for trend: p = 0.789). There was a male predominance (70.9%). Of the 234 cases, 167 (71.4%) were live born, two (0.9%) were late miscarriages, seven (3.0%) were stillbirths, and 58 (24.8%) were terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly. There was no significant association with maternal age at delivery (p = 0.095). 7.2% of isolated cases (cases with no other congenital anomalies) were diagnosed prenatally. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anorectal anomalies in this study is comparable to other case series. There was no evidence of a temporal increase in prevalence. We confirmed a male predominance of anorectal anomalies and no significant association with maternal age. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:597-602, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Invasive aspergillosis of the small bowel in an infant with acute myeloid leukemia and intestinal obstruction.

Acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed in an infant with fever and pancytopenia. Intestinal obstruction was present at diagnosis and laparotomy performed after failure of conservative management demonstrated leukemic infiltration of the resected terminal ileum. Fever and intestinal obstruction persisted, necessitating a second ileal resection, which revealed invasive aspergillosis. Subsequent retrospective analysis identified occasional fungal hyphae in the initial resection specimen. With the combination of intensive chemotherapy and aggressive prolonged antifungal therapy the child survived. Invasive aspergillosis may unusually present at nonpulmonary sites at initial presentation of acute leukemia. Microbiological or histological diagnosis is needed to guide aggressive appropriate management.

Group A streptococcal septicaemia presenting as an acute abdomen in a child.

We present an unusual case of group A streptococcal septicaemia referred to a paediatric surgical unit as acute appendicitis and highlight the importance of remembering this condition as part of a differential diagnosis.