[Immunometabolic activity of fluoroquinolones immobilized into cell carriers in toxic lesion of the kidneys due to staphylococcal infection].

The study of immunomodulating, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of some fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin) immobilized into erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers was made on Wistar rats with body mass about 150-180 g. It is shown that toxic action on the kidneys of mercury dichloride, especially a combined action of mercury dichloride and staphylococcal infection, raised the levels of urea and creatinine, caused immunosuppression, activated hepatotoxic, cytolytic and oxidative processes, decreased antioxidant and energetic potentials of erythrocytes. Unbound fluoroquinolones intensified the above processes. Introduction of fluoroquinolones immobilized into erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers, respectively, decreased and normalized intensity of lipid peroxidation, cholestasis, cytolysis, improved and normalized immune system functions, antioxidant and energetic potentials of erythrocytes.

[Immunomodulating, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of immobilized forms of aminoglycoside antibiotics in toxic damage to the kidneys complicated with staphylococcal infection].

Investigation of the influence of aminoglycoside antibiotics included into erythrocytes and leukocytes on the development of immune response and intensity of oxidative and hepatotoxic processes in experimental kidney pathology complicated with staphylococcal infection was made on Wistar rats. Erythrocyte and leukocyte carriers of amikacin and gentamycin were obtained. Spectrophotometric assay of the immobilized antibiotics was developed. It is shown that introduction of the free antibiotics enhanced immunosuppression, pro-oxidant and hepatotoxic effects induced by introduction of mercury dichloride and staphylococcus while antibiotics in erythrocytic and leukocytic carriers stabilized and normalized parameters characterizing renal excretion activity, immune system function, energetic and oxidative processes in erythrocytes, cholestasis and cytolysis processes in toxic pathology of the kidneys combined with staphylococcal infection.

Effect of UV irradiation and magnetic field on immunometabolic effects of antibiotics immobilized in cell carriers.

The effects of UV and magnetic radiation on the immunometabolic activity of ampicillin and cephazolin immobilized in erythrocytic and leukocytic carriers were studied in intact Wistar rats and animals infected with staphylococci. Erythrocytic and leukocytic carriers with antibiotics were obtained. Injection of free antibiotics stimulated the immunosuppressive, pro-oxidant, and hepatotoxic effects, associated with staphylococcal infection. Treatment with antibiotics in erythrocytic and leukocytic carriers stimulated (to different degrees) the activity of the immune system and stabilized the parameters of LPO, antioxidant defense, cytolysis, and cholestasis. Ultraviolet irradiation and magnetic field modified (to different measures) the immunometabolic effects of ampicillin and cephazolin, immobilized in erythrocytic and leukocytic carriers, in animals with staphylococcal infection.

[Some aspects of human mineral metabolic disturbances in viral hepatitis of various genesis].

A new prognostic criterion was developed to evaluate the severity of different forms of viral hepatitis, by studying zinc metabolism. In patients with viral hepatitis, zinc metabolic disturbances were ascertained to occur concurrently with pigment, protein, and carbohydrate metabolic disturbances, an increase in the activity of some serum enzymes (glutamine alkaline transferase, glutamine pyruvate transferase, alanine aminotransferase), and a reduction in hepatic antitoxic function. The indicator of normalization of zinc metabolism may be an additional prognostic criterion for evaluating the full recovery of a patient. The studied criterion enables the chronic pattern of viral hepatitis to be predicted in convalescents after their discharge from hospital.

[Experimental basis for the use of new dosage forms of doxorubicin for correction of its hepatotoxic, prooxidant and immunosuppressory effects]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie ispol'zovaniia novykh lekarstvennykh form doksorubitsina dlia korrektsii ego gepatotoksicheskogo, prooksidatnogo i immunosupressornogo deistviia.

The study was aimed at design of new dosage forms of doxorubicin (films, erythrocyte vehicles) for correction of its hepatotoxic, prooxidant and immunosuppressory effects. The experiments were performed on Wistar rats with the use of doxorubicin of Lens-Pharm (Moscow) and auxiliary substances meeting the requirements of the standards. Technology for preparation of doxorubicin-entrapped films was developed and the optimal polymer for the vehicle was recommended, i.e. oxypropylmethylcellulose Methocel 65 Hg 50 providing preservation of the antimicrobial activity. Conditions for storage of the antibiotic-entrapped films were determined. The main qualitative indices of the antibiotic-entrapped films were shown to be stable during the storage for 12 months. Erythrocyte-vehicles with entrapped doxorubicin were prepared. Antibiotic-free erythrocyte vehicles were found to preserve their ability to entrap doxorubicin for 9 days and the doxorubicin-entrapped erythrocyte vehicles were stable for 48 hours. A procedure for spectrophotometric qualitative evaluation of doxorubicin entrapping into the films and erythrocyte vehicles was developed. It was observed that administration of doxorubicin immobilized in the films had a stabilizing effect on the immunity status, the level of lipid peroxidation, the potency of the antioxidant system, cytolysis and cholestasis. Administration of the doxorubicin entrapped in the erythrocyte vehicles stimulated the body immune response, normalized the indices of the lipid peroxidation--antioxidant system and the state of the hepatic cells in the laboratory animals infected by staphylococci.

[Immunomodulating effect of short-term deep local cooling and its enhancement with vitamin A]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie kratkovremennogo glubokogo lokal'nogo okhlazhdeniia i ego usilenie vitaminom A.

Local cooling (LC) of the Wistar rat's foot to -120 degrees for 10 or 20 sec stimulates development of humoral immune response and delayed hypersensitivity induced by sheep erythrocytes. A stimulating action of short-term LC can be enhanced by introduction of retinol acetate into the cooling zone. The immunostimulating effect of short-term LC and retinal acetate is mediated by cytokines released by the cells of regional lymph nodes.

[Immunomodulating action of the preparations of lipid-soluble vitamins after intensive exercise at low temperature of the environment]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie preparatov zhirorastvorimykh vitaminov posle intensivnykh fizicheskikh nagruzok, vypolniavshikhsia pri nizkoi temperature okruzhaiushchei sredy.

Preparations of lipid-soluble vitamins (A,E and K) injected separately decrease changes in immunological reactivity and nonspecific resistance of Wistar rats swimming for 4 hours in cold water (10 +/- 2 degrees C). Joint administration of preparations of vitamins A and E or A and K normalized immunological reactivity and nonspecific resistance of rats swimming in cold water. Such effect was not reported in joint administration of E and K vitamins preparations.

[Immunomodulating action of fat-soluble vitamins after intense physical loading at low ambient temperatures]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie preparatov zhirorastvorimykh vitaminov posle intensivnykh fizicheskikh nagruzok, vypolniavshikhsia pri nizkoi temperature okruzhaiushchei sredy.

Introduced separately, preparations of the fat-soluble vitamins A, E and K decreased the expression of changes in the immunological reactivity and nonspecific resistance of Wistar rats after a 4-h swimming in water at a temperature of 10 +/- 2 degrees C. Joint administration of the vitamin preparations A + E or A + K normalized both the the immunological reactivity and nonspecific resistance of rats after cold swim test, while the joint introduction of vitamins E + K produces no such effect.

[Immunomodulating effects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism activators in acute cold stress]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie aktivatorov obmena uglevodov i lipidov pri ostrom kholodovom stresse.

Joint injection of the activators of carbohydrate (thiamine, riboxin) and lipid (carnitin, biotin) metabolism in pairs reduces the expression of the decrease of the functional-metabolic activity of blood leukocytes and the inhibition of the immunological reactivity of organism, caused by air and immersion cooling. The most expressed immunomodulative effect is caused by the joint injection of thiamine and biotin.

[Immunomodulating effect of lysozyme in acute cold stress]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie lizotsima pri ostrom kholodovom stresse.

It was shown that lysozyme (1 or 5 mg/kg) injection in Wistar rats cooled immersially caused potent immune modulating, antioxidant and hepatoprotector effects. Lysozyme effect was due to heavy erythrocytes and by cytokines induced in spleen (with glass-adhesion at 32-37 degrees C).

[Functional-metabolic activity of leukocytes and correction of it by lysozyme in acute cold stress]. / Funktsional'no-metabolicheskaia aktivnost' leikotsitov i ee korrektsiia lizotsimom pri ostrom kholodovom stresse.

It was shown that immersion cooling caused deminished phagocytes number and and phagocytes index of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in blood, decreased NCT test data, decreased NADPH-oxidase activity, increased activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase in the cells. Lysozyme corrected the above mentioned parameters of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Lysozyme activity was mediated by cytokins of glass-spleen cells.

[The immunomodulating action of aminoglycoside antibiotics via different administration technics]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie aminoglikozidnykh antibiotikov pri razlichnykh tekhnologiiakh vvedeniia.

It was shown that intramuscular administration of aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and amikacin had an immunosuppressive action in healthy animals. Administration of the antibiotics entrapped in erythrocyte shades increased the immune response. The immunostimulating effect was higher when the aminoglycosides entrapped in allogenic erythrocytes were administered. After the routine administration of the antibiotics they were detected in the blood and urine within the first hours after the administration. After administration of the antibiotics entrapped in erythrocyte shades their detection was later in time. When the aminoglycosides entrapped in allogenic erythrocytes were administered they were not detected in the biological fluids.

[Antioxidants and immunomodulating action of antibiotics and antibiotic-treated erythrocytes in staphylococcal infections]. / Antioksidantnoe i immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie antibiotikov i obrabotannykh imi éritrotsitov pri stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

Staphylococcus infection inhibited the T-dependent immune response, increased the serum levels of the lipid peroxidation products (LPP) i.e. fatty acid diene conjugates and malonic aldehyde and lowered the activity of the antioxidant system enzymes (ASE) i.e. superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes. After administration of amikacin or cephalexin the immunosuppressive effect induced by the staphylococci increased while the LPP content and the ASE activity in the infected host did not change. After injection of erythrocytes extracorporeally treated with the antibiotics the immune response increased, the LPP content decreased and the ASE activity increased. The free antibiotics increased the excretion of suppressing cytokines by glass adherent spleen cells. The antibiotic-treated erythrocytes induced the excretion of low molecular weight helper cytokines and high molecular weight antioxidant factors by the adherent spleen cells.

[The immunomodulating action of retinol acetate and beta-carotene in benzylpenicillin-induced immunosuppression]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie retinola atsetata i beta-karotina pri immunosupressii, vyzvannoi benzilpenitsillinom.

Retinol acetate enhances the immune response to the T-dependent antigen and beta-carotine increases the organism's reactivity with respect to both T-dependent and T-independent antigens. beta-Carotine is more effective against immunosuppressive action of benzylpenicilline compared to retinol acetate Retinol acetate induces the immunostimulative activity of heavy erythrocytes and beta-carotine prevents the appearance of benzylpenicilline-induced immunosuppressive properties of light erythrocytes.

[Immunomodulating action of antibiotics in health and in staphylococcal infection]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie antibiotikov v norme i pri infitsirovanii stafilokokkom.

Benzylpenicillin, streptomycin and gentamicin injected to the mice with Staphylococcus infection increased the immunosuppression induced by the staphylococci. The highest immunosuppressing action was induced by benzylpenicillin. Red blood cells of healthy and especially infected animals showed in case of the allogenic transfer marked immunosuppressing properties. Injection of syngenic red blood cells extracorporeally treated with the antibiotics stimulated the immune response to SRBC in the mice but did not influence the response induced by LPS of Salmonella typhi. The red blood cells incubated in the presence of gentamicin (5000 micrograms) for 1 hour had the most pronounced immunostimulating properties. Benzylpenicillin and streptomycin extracorporal treatment of the red blood cells of the animals infected with staphylococci did not induce immunomodulating properties in them whereas the incubation in the presence of gentamicin resulted in the development of slightly pronounced immunostimulating properties.

[Correction of the immunomodulating action of antibiotics in health and in staphylococcal infection]. / Korrektsiia immunomoduliruiushchego deistviia antibiotikov v norme i pri stafilokokkovoi infektsii.

Administration of tocopherol acetate and essentiale to healthy animals not treated with antibiotics had no effect on the immune response induced by SRBC or LPS of Salmonella typhi. Administration of tocopherol acetate to the mice treated with streptomycin or gentamicin increased the response only to SRBC. Essentialle stimulated the development of the T-dependent and T-independent immune response in the animals treated with benzylpenicillin, streptomycin or gentamicin. Benzylpenicillin and streptomycin increased the suppressing effect of the Staphylococcus infection. Gentamicin had no effect on the immune response to SRBC and LPS. Tocopherol acetate and lysozyme increased the immune response to SRBC. Terrilitin did not influence the immune response to SRBC and LPS. Essentiale stimulated the response to both the T-dependent and T-independent antigens.

[Immunomodulating action of hyaluronic acid and its hydrolysis products in health and in Staphylococcus infection]. / Immunomoduliruiushchee deistvie gialuronovoi kisloty i produktov ee gidroliza v norme i pri infistirovanii stafilokokkom.

Potassium hyaluronate was found to suppress the development of a humoral response and delayed hypersensitivity, while hyaluronidase and the incubate of potassium hyaluronate and hyaluronidase enhanced the manifestations of the humoral response and delayed hypersensitivity. The suppressive effect of potassium hyaluronate was mediated by light erythrocytes, whereas the stimulating effect of hyaluronidase the incubates of potassium hyaluronate and hyaluronidase was mediated by heavy erythrocytes. In Staphylococcus infection, hyaluronidase and the incubates of potassium hyaluronate and hyaluronidase enhanced the development of a humoral response and failed to affect the manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity.

[Water-soluble contrast media with increased viscosity for the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses, bronchi and esophagus]. / Vodorastvorimye kontrastnye sredstva povyshennoi viazkosti dlia diagnostiki zabolevanii okolonosovykh pazukh, bronkhov i pishchevoda.

Water-soluble contrast agents with one of the polymers, cellulose derivatives or polyvinyl alcohol, were used in contrast examinations of paranasal sinuses, bronchi, and esophagus. Experiments have demonstrated the advantages of contrast agents basing on polymers as against the traditional oil-containing agents. Method for double-contrast examination of maxillary and frontal sinuses has been developed. Lowered concentrations of water-soluble contrast agents (i. e. diluted with distilled water) are recommended to be used, this permitting to save the reagents. A table of recommended dilutions of contrast media is presented. A total of 245 patients were examined, making use of contrast media of high viscosity.

[Use of polymer-based drugs in the treatment of acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis]. / Ispol'zovanie lekarstvennykh veshchestv na polimernoi osnove dlia lecheniia ostrogo i khronicheskogo gaimorita.

The 5-year experience gained in the ENT hospital of the Kursk Medical Institute and the ENT department of the Central Hospital of the USSR Ministry of Health proved effective the use of polymer-based drugs in chemotherapy of acute and chronic maxillary sinusitis. The drugs carried by polymers were introduced into the maxillary sinus by puncture or drainage. As a rule, these are antibiotics or the latter in combination with hormones and enzymes. Drugs with addition of polymers can be produced in any pharmacy.