Percutaneous Coronary Intervention VersusMyocardial Revascularization Surgery inMultivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Four-Year Followup.

INTRODUCTION: In Cuba, 29,939 deaths from ischemic heart disease were recorded in 2020. Myocardial revascularization surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention are well-established methods of treating patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. These methods can reduce overall deaths, but choosing the optimal strategy for treating left main coronary ischemia is a source of debate among specialists. OBJECTIVE: Estimate survival and major cardiac and cerebrovascular events in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention versus myocardial revascularization surgery and their relationships with pre-existing patients' clinical and angiographic characteristics. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 41 patients; 35 men and 6 women aged 40-85 years who had been diagnosed with multivessel coronary artery disease and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 17) or myocardial revascularization surgery (n = 24) at the Medical-Surgical Research Center in Havana, Cuba, in 2016. The main variable under consideration was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events over a four-year period following these interventions. We collected clinical and angiographic characteristics, and used the Kaplan-Meier test to calculate survival curves. Survival probabilities were compared using the log-rank test. A value of p ⟨ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio, with 95% confidence intervals used for both procedures. RESULTS: There were a total of 20 major adverse cardiovascular events, 75% (15/20) of which occurred in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and 5% in patients who had myocardial revascularization surgery. The probability of survival was 70.6% in surgery and 37.5% in interventionism; p = 0.043; hazard ratio 1.58 (95% confidence interval 0.987-2.530), p = 0.047. The need to repeat a revascularization procedure was the only major cardiovascular event that showed significant differences between methods (log-rank p = 0.015), and was more frequent in percutaneous intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial revascularization surgery offers a better chance of survival than percutaneous coronary intervention. Major adverse cardiovascular events are more frequent in patients with coronary interventionism, due to the need to repeat revascularization.

Evolución de los pacientes con edema pulmonar cardiogénico tratados con ventilación no invasiva en emergencias

RESUMEN Introducción: El edema agudo del pulmón es frecuente en urgencias y la ventilación no invasiva es una nueva modalidad de soporte ventilatorio que se utiliza en su tratamiento. Objetivo: Describir las variaciones de los parámetros clínicos, ventilatorios y hemogasométricos en pacientes con edema pulmonar cardiogénico tratados con ventilación no invasiva. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con 54 pacientes con edema agudo de pulmón ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Emergentes del Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora, de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, en el período comprendido desde enero de 2019 hasta enero de 2020. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino con el 70,4% de los enfermos, y la edad promedio fue de 62 años. El 90,7% de los enfermos tuvieron éxito en la técnica aplicado. Luego de 1 hora de tratamiento existió una mejoría de todos los parámetros clínicos y hemogasométricos, excepto el bicarbonato de sodio. Se necesitaron valores mayores de PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) en los pacientes donde fracasó del tratamiento ventilatorio impuesto y la frecuencia de aplicación de la técnica fue mayor en los enfermos que tuvieron éxito. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con edema agudo del pulmón, tratados con ventilación no invasiva, evolucionaron de manera favorable con mejoría de los parámetros clínicos, ventilatorios y hemogasométricos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute pulmonary edema is frequently treated in emergency departments and non-invasive ventilation is a new modality of ventilatory support used in its treatment. Objective: To describe the variations in clinical, ventilatory and hemogasometric parameters in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema treated with non-invasive ventilation. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 54 patients with acute pulmonary edema admitted to the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Provincial Saturnino Lora, in the city of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2019 to January 2020. Results: Males (70.4% of patients) prevailed and mean age was 62 years old. The applied technique was successful in 90.7% of patients. After one hour of treatment there was an improvement in all clinical and hemogasometric parameters, except in sodium bicarbonate. Higher PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) values were required in patients where the technique failed and the frequency of the technique application was higher in patients where it was successful. Conclusions: Patients with acute pulmonary edema, treated with non-invasive ventilation, evolved favorably with improvement in clinical, ventilatory and hemogasometric parameters.

Morbilidad por COVID-19: análisis de los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y diagnósticos / COVID-19 morbidity: analysis of epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects

Introducción: En marzo de 2020 la OMS declaró pandemia a la COVID-19, enfermedad causada por el virus denominado SARS-CoV-2. Cuba, hasta el 9 de junio, reportó 2211 casos y 83 fallecidos; de estos 49 casos eran de Santiago de Cuba, con una letalidad de 6,12. Objetivo: Caracterizar la morbilidad por COVID-19 en Santiago de Cuba según aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de diagnóstico seleccionados. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con los 49 pacientes confirmados en la provincia. Se efectuó la revisión de base de datos, estadísticas, historias epidemiológicas y clínicas. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia, media aritmética y mediana, diferencia porcentual de tasas y prueba exacta de Fischer. Se utilizó el software EPIDAT con un nivel de confianza 95 por ciento y significancia ≤ 0,05 para determinar asociación estadística. Resultados: La tasa de incidencia fue 4,7 por 1000 habitantes. Los municipios comprometidos fueron Santiago, Contramaestre y Palma Soriano. El mayor riesgo estuvo en el grupo de los mayores de 60 años, con síntomas frecuentes tos, fiebre y rinitis. El 26,53 por ciento se encontró asintomático. Las principales comorbilidades asociadas fueron hipertensión arterial, trastornos neurológicos y respiratorios. Los procedimientos diagnósticos informaron RT-PCR positiva, LDH elevada, proteína C reactiva, hiperglucemia e infiltrado inflamatorio difuso pulmonar. Existió asociación estadística entre el periodo de evolución, 7 y más días desde el inicio de síntomas al ingreso, y el nivel de gravedad. Conclusiones: El mayor riesgo de enfermar y fallecer se constató en edades más avanzadas de la vida. Los síntomas más frecuentes se comportaron de manera similar a lo descrito en la bibliografía consultada, así como los resultados de laboratorio. La demora en acudir a instituciones de salud y comorbilidades asociadas constituyeron un riesgo, de evolucionar hacia la gravedad y muerte(AU)

Introduction: COVID-19, a disease caused by the virus named SARS-CoV-2, was declared pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. Until 9 June Cuba had reported 2 211 cases and 83 deaths. Forty-nine of these cases were from Santiago de Cuba, for a lethality of 6.12. Objective: Characterize COVID-19 morbidity in Santiago de Cuba based on the analysis of selected epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted of the 49 patients confirmed in the province. A review was performed of databases, statistics, and clinical and epidemiological records. Estimation was made of incidence rates, arithmetic mean and median, percentage difference between the rates, and Fischer's exact test. Statistical association was determined with the software EPIDAT, using a confidence level of 95 percent and a significance level of ≤ 0.05. Results: The incidence rate was 4.7 per 1 000 inhabitants. The municipalities involved were Santiago, Contramaestre and Palma Soriano. The greatest risk lay in patients aged over 60 years, among whom coughing, fever and rhinitis were common symptoms. Of the patients studied, 26.53 percent were asymptomatic. The main associated comorbidities were hypertension and neurological and respiratory disorders. The results of the diagnostic procedures applied were positive RT-PCR, high LDH, C-reactive protein, hyperglycemia and diffuse inflammatory pulmonary infiltrate. A statistical association was found between the evolution period, 7 and more days from symptom onset to admission, and the degree of severity. Conclusions: The highest risk of becoming ill and dying was found in the most advanced ages of life. The most common symptoms behaved in a manner similar to the one described in the bibliography consulted, and so did the laboratory results obtained. Delay in reporting to health institutions and associated comorbidities were risks for progression to severity and death(AU)

Factores de riesgo asociados a la tuberculosis en Santiago de Cuba durante el quinquenio 2007-2011 / Risk factors associated to tuberculosis in Santiago de Cuba during 2007-2011

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y transversal de 323 casos de tuberculosis estimados en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba en el período 2007-2011, para describir los factores de riesgo epidemiológicos asociados. Fueron computados números absolutos y porcentajes. En la serie predominaron los reclusos o exreclusos (28,9 %), así como la edad avanzada y el alcoholismo como factores importantes (16,4 y 11,7 %, respectivamente). Se concluyó que debe incentivarse la pesquisa y el control de la tuberculosis en las personas vulnerables, con el propósito de mantener riesgos bajos de enfermar y morir por esta causa en la provincia de referencia

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 323 cases of tuberculosis estimated in Santiago de Cuba during 2007-2011, was carried out to describe the associated epidemiologic risk factors. Absolute numbers and percentages were computed. In the series the prisoners or exprisoners prevailed (28.9%), as well as the advanced age and the alcoholism as important factors (16.4 and 11.7%, respectively). It was concluded that the investigation and control of tuberculosis should be motivated in vulnerable people, with the purpose of maintaining low risks of getting sick and dying for this cause in the reference province

Morbilidad por tuberculosis: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y diagnósticos. Santiago de Cuba. 2007-2011 / Morbility due to tuberculosis: epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic aspects. Santiago de Cuba. 2007-2011

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 323 casos con diagnóstico confirmado de tuberculosis en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, con vistas a caracterizar la incidencia de esta enfermedad en el período 2007-2011, para lo cual se calcularon los porcentajes y las tasas de incidencia tipificadas. Entre los resultados principales predominaron: el municipio Mella con la mayor tasa de incidencia, los pacientes de 25-34 años de edad y el sexo masculino; asimismo, 8 de cada 10 enfermos presentaron tuberculosis pulmonar (81,0 %) y el procedimiento diagnóstico mayormente realizado resultó ser el examen microscópico de esputo (56,6 %). Se concluye que la incidencia de esta afección en el territorio es marcadamente superior ante condiciones de vida menos favorables, y que el sexo masculino y la tuberculosis pulmonar fueron las características epidemiológicas más importantes. Se observó el pobre desempeño en la realización de la baciloscopia para el diagnóstico de esta entidad clínica en la población estudiada.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the 323 cases with confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, aimed at characterizing the incidence of this disease during 2007-2011, for which the percentages and the typified incidence rates were calculated. Among the main results prevailed: Mella municipality with the higher rate of incidence, the 25-34 years patients and the male sex; also, 8 out of 10 sick persons presented lung tuberculosis (81.0%) and the diagnostic procedure mostly used was the microscopic exam of sputum (56.6%). It is concluded that the incidence of this disorder in the territory is markedly higher with less favorable life conditions, and that the male sex and the lung tuberculosis were the most important epidemiological characteristics. The poor performance in the realization of the baciloscopy for the diagnosis of this clinical entity in the studied population was observed.

Supervivencia de la población infantil con tumores del sistema nervioso central / Survival of the children population with tumors of the central nervous system

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes con tumores del sistema nervioso central, ingresados en el Hospital Infantil Sur de Santiago de Cuba, desde 1987 hasta el 2006, a fin de analizar la supervivencia de esta población infantil, cuya media fue de 45-49 meses ± 5,84. Se halló que la edad, los aspectos tisulares, la localización anatómica, el grado de resección, así como los tratamientos aplicados (radioterapia y quimioterapia), constituyeron factores determinantes para mejorar el pronóstico de vida de los integrantes de la casuística

A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of all the patients with tumors of the central nervous system, admitted to the Southern Children Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from 1987 to 2006, in order to analyze the survival of this population whose mean was 45-49 months ± 5,84. It was found that age, tissue aspects, anatomical site, and resection degree, as well as the applied treatments (radiotherapy and chemotherapy), constituted decisive factors to improve the life prognosis of the case material

Tumores del sistema nervioso central en el primer año de vida / Tumors of the central nervous system in the first year of life

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo de los 8 pacientes con tumores del sistema nervioso central en el primer año de vida, diagnosticados en el Hospital Infantil Sur de Santiago de Cuba desde 1987 hasta 2008, de los cuales 5 (62,5 por ciento) habían fallecido cuando se elaboró el presente artículo. Los tratamientos indicados en este caso son la resección de la masa tumoral, lo más radical que permitan su tamaño y localización, así como la quimioterapia según el tipo hístico.

A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study of 8 patients with tumors of the central nervous system in the first year of life was carried out. They were diagnosed in the Southern Children Hospital of Santiago de Cuba from 1987 to 2008, 5 of them (62,5 per cent) had died when the present article was made. The treatments indicated in this case are the resection of the tumor mass, the most radical surgery depending on its size and localization, as well as the chemotherapy according to the tissular type.