High-Throughput Sequencing of Grapevine in Mexico Reveals a High Incidence of Viruses including a New Member of the Genus Enamovirus.

This is the first viral metagenomic analysis of grapevine conducted in Mexico. During the summer of 2021, 48 plants displaying virus-like symptoms were sampled in Queretaro, an important grapevine-producing area of Mexico, and analyzed for the presence of viruses via high-throughput sequencing (HTS). The results of HTS were verified by real-time RT-PCR following a standardized testing scheme (Protocol 2010). Fourteen different viruses were identified, including grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus (GAMaV), grapevine Cabernet Sauvignon reovirus (GCSV), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV), grapevine red globe virus (GRGV), grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), grapevine rupestris vein feathering virus (GRVFV), grapevine Syrah virus 1 (GSyV-1), grapevine virus B (GVB), and grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1, 2, 3, 4 (GLRaV1, 2, 3, 4). Additionally, divergent variants of GLRaV4 and GFkV, and a novel Enamovirus-like virus were discovered. This is the first report of GAMaV, GCSV, GLRaV4, GPGV, GRGV, GRVFV, and GSyV-1 infecting grapevines in Mexico; the impact of these pathogens on production is unknown.

The impact of chemical pollution on the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from a Mediterranean hypersaline coastal lagoon.

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered species. The impact of environmental contamination on this species has been highlighted as contributing to the decline in recruitment. The Mar Menor hypersaline coastal lagoon (SE Spain) is one of the most productive fisheries of European eel in Europe, making it a critical habitat for species conservation. The present study aimed to provide an initial overview of the impact of organic chemical contaminants on the European eel and the potential sublethal effects of chemical pollution on pre-migrating eels in this hypersaline habitat. We investigated muscle bioaccumulation of main persistent and hazardous organic contaminants (including some current-use pesticides) and genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and xenobiotic detoxification system responses. The findings show that lagoon eels were exposed to high levels of legacy organochlorine contaminants, recently banned pesticides (chlorpyrifos), and some emerging chemicals. Some individuals surpassed the maximum levels of CBs authorized by the European Commission for human consumption. In this species, residuals of chlorpyrifos, pendimethalin, and chlorthal dimethyl have been reported for the first time. This field study provides relevant data to stock management and human health consumption and provides the first biomarker responses in European eel under permanent hypersaline conditions. Furthermore, the high frequency of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes of lagoon eels indicates sublethal genotoxic effects on the organism. Overall, the European eels growing and maturing in the Mar Menor lagoon are exposed to toxic and carcinogenic chemicals. The lack of seafood safety regulations for human consumption for some legacy chemicals that were measured in high concentrations in our study requires special action. Further biomonitoring and research are recommended to protect the animal, public, and environmental health.

Plackett Burman design for microplastics quantification in marine sediments.

Microplastics are gaining worldwide attention due to their omnipresence. The marine environment is one of the most affected systems; especially the sediment compartment. Microplastic separation from the sediment matrix is the first step to evaluate its abundance and availability. Nevertheless, a lack of consistency in extraction protocols is a fact. This paper describes the optimization of the microplastic extraction procedure from marine sediments. The Plackett-Burman saturated factorial design was used to identify the significant factors and to select optimum working conditions. With this purpose, the following variables were studied: the number of extractions; the amount of sediment; the settling time; the density separation solution volume; the agitation time and the suitability of using wet or freeze-dried sediment. The Plackett-Burman design has revealed that the most statistically significant variables were sediment mass and agitation time. The optimized method was applied for two marine sediments collected in the Mar Menor Lagoon.

Toxicity characterization of surface sediments from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon.

The occurrence of bioactive compounds and contaminant-associated effects was assessed by means of in vivo and in vitro assays using different extractable fractions of surface sediments from a contaminated coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, SE Spain). Sediment elutriates and clean seawater, previously exposed to whole sediment, were used for assessing the in vivo toxicity on embryo development of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Agonist and antagonist activities relating to estrogen and androgen receptors and agonist activities on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (expressed as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities) were investigated in sediment extracts by using HER-Luc, AR-EcoScreenTM and fibroblast-like RTG-2 cell lines. Embryotoxicity effects were greater for sediment elutriates than those incubated in sediment-water interphase, implying that diffusion of bioactive chemicals can occur from sediments to sea water column, favoured by sediment disturbance events. In vitro results show the occurrence in extracts of compounds with estrogen antagonism, androgen antagonism and dioxin-like activities. Multidimensional scaling analysis classified the sampling sites into four sub-clusters according to their chemical-physical and biological similarities, relating in vitro bioactivity with the total organic carbon and known organic chemical load, with particular reference to total sum of PAHs, PCB 180, p,p-DDE and terbuthylazine. Overall, results pointed to the presence of unknown or unanalyzed biologically-active compounds in the sediments, mostly associated with the extracted polar fraction of the Mar Menor lagoon sediments. Our findings provide relevant information to be considered for the environmental management of contaminated coastal lagoons.

Microplastic distribution in surface sediments along the Spanish Mediterranean continental shelf.

Microplastics (MPs) are widely recognised as a contaminant of emerging concern in the marine environment. This work provides original data of the presence of MPs in coastal sediments along the Spanish Mediterranean continental shelf. Ten surface sediment samples were collected in order to document baseline microplastic distribution from Algeciras to Barcelona. Microplastics were extracted from bulk sediments by density separation. The number of microplastics per kilogramme of dry weight ranged from 45.9 ± 23.9 MPs/kg d.w. observed at Palma de Mallorca to 280.3 ± 164.9 MPs/kg d.w. noted at Málaga, with an average value of 113.2 ± 88.9 MPs/kg d.w. The lower limit is defined by the pore filter size used (1.2 µm). For all analysed locations, the dominant microplastic type was fibres (82.9%), followed by fragments, and the main colours were transparent and blue. Microplastic size distribution was presented; in the case of fragments, 85% was lower than 0.5 mm, and in the case of fibres, the three studied intervals (0.5-1, 1-2, 2-5 mm) had similar distribution (35, 34 and 31%, respectively). Attending to all available data, no statistically significant relationship (Spearman's correlation) was found between microplastic average size and distance to the coast, the depth, density population and sediment grain size. Neither relationship was observed between these variables and microplastic concentration using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test. This study has confirmed the widespread distribution of MPs in surface sediments from the Spanish Mediterranean continental shelf, and these data are useful to define baselines for MPs in the Western Mediterranean region.

Outcome of urethral strictures treated by endoscopic urethrotomy and urethroplasty.

INTRODUCTION: We analyze the outcomes of patients with urethral stricture who underwent surgical treatment within the past 5 years. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of male patients who underwent surgery for urethral stricture at our service from January 2008 to June 2012. We analyzed the comorbidities, type, length and location of the stricture and the surgical treatment outcome after endoscopic urethrotomy, urethroplasty or both. RESULTS: In total, 45 patients with a mean age of 53.7 ± 16.7 years underwent surgical treatment for urethral stricture. Six months after surgery, 46.7% of the patients had a maximum urinary flow greater than 15 mL/s, whereas 87.3% of the patients exhibited no stricture by urethrography after the treatment. The success rate in the patients undergoing urethrotomy was 47.8% versus 86.4% in those undergoing urethroplasty (p = 0.01). Twenty percent of the patients in whom the initial urethrotomy had failed subsequently underwent urethroplasty, thereby increasing the treatment success. CONCLUSION: In most cases, the treatment of choice for urethral stricture should be urethroplasty. Previous treatment with urethrotomy does not appear to produce adverse effects that affect the outcome of a urethroplasty if urethrotomy failed, so urethrotomy may be indicated in patients with short strictures or in patients at high surgical risk.

Analysis of alcohol polyethoxylates and polyethylene glycols in marine sediments.

Alcohol polyethoxylates (AEOs) are the most commercially important type of nonionic surfactants, used in a wide variety of products such as household cleaning detergents, industrial cleaners, textiles, adjuvants in pesticides, wetting and dispersing agents, and emulsifiers. Our main objective in this work was to develop a methodology for the extraction, isolation and analysis of these compounds and their main degradation products and precursors (polyethylene glycols, PEGs) in solid environmental matrices. First, analytes were extracted by pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using methanol at 120°C as solvent and 3 cycles (5 min per cycle). Clean-up and concentration of the extracts were carried out by solid-phase extraction (SPE), using Oasis HLB cartridges and a mixture dicloromethane/methanol 1:1 as eluting solvent. Recovery percentages were usually between 54% and 106% for most compounds. Identification and quantification of analytes were performed using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system equipped with an electrospray interface (ESI) operating in positive ionization mode. Water content, cone voltage and adduct formation were optimized to this end. Limits of detection were usually below 50 ng g(-1), being higher for some shorter ethoxymers (>100 ng g(-1)) because of poor ionization. Finally, the protocol proposed here was applied to the determination of the concentration of AEOs and PEGs in selected surface sediment samples collected in Mar Menor Lagoon (Murcia, Spain). In this sense, this paper presents some of the first data relative to the occurrence of these analytes in coastal sediments, showing relatively high concentrations of PEGs (up to 9000 ng g(-1)) compared to those measured for AEOs (<100 ng g(-1)).

Segmental testicular infarction: partial orchiectomy in a very rare pathology.

Segmental testicular infarctions are a rare disease with a low prevalence and few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 26-year-old male without any relevant medical history who consulted at the Urology Department due to mild pain in the right testicle over the last month. He had no previous trauma or acute testicular pain. Partial orchiectomy was performed through an inguinal incision with removal of lesions and reconstruction of the testicular parenchyma. Histological examination revealed testicular infarction with no presence of neoplastic cells.

Relationship between biopsy Gleason score and radical prostatectomy specimen Gleason score in patients undergoing sextant vs 12 core biopsies.

OBJECTIVES: Our goal is to analyze the degree of concordance between the Gleason score (GS) obtained in prostate biopsies and the one after radical prostatectomy. The intention is to know whether 12-core biopsy, instead of 6 (sextant biopsy), improves, or not, this correlation. METHODS: A Cohort/prevalence study was conducted on 128 patients who underwent prostate biopsy and subsequent radical prostatectomy. Patients showing biopsy Gleason values greater or equal to 6 were selected as candidates for radical prostatectomy. RESULTS: Mean age of the group of 128 patients was 62.9 years, with a mean PSA value of 8.53ng/ml. There was concordance between biopsy Gleason score and that obtained after radical prostatectomy in 63.28% of cases, while discordance was found in 36.72% of cases. There were not significant statistical differences after comparing results obtained between Gleason score concordance after 6 or 12-core biopsies and that obtained after radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: We have noticed a low correlation between Gleason score after biopsy when it was compared with that obtained after radical prostatectomy, while these results are similar to those found in the literature. We did not find better results regarding Gleason score correlation after biopsies performed with 12 cores instead of 6.

Relación entre score gleason biópsico y score gleason tras prostatectomía radical en pacientes sometidos a biopsia sextante vs 12 cilindros / Relationship between biopsy gleason score and radical prostatectomy specimen gleason score in patients undergoing sextant vs 12 core biopsies

OBJETIVO: El cáncer de próstata es una patología cada vez más prevalente por la longevidad de la población. Es por ello que cada vez con más frecuencia se somete a los pacientes a realización de biopsia prostática para realizar su diagnóstico de certeza.Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la relación del score gleason obtenido en la biopsia de próstata con el obtenido tras prostatectomía radical. Se pretendió analizar si la obtención de 12 cilindros en lugar de 6 (biopsia sextante) mejora o no esta relación.MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles con 128 pacientes (98 casos en los que se obtuvó 6 cilindros y 30 controles en los que se obtuvieron 12 cilindros) que fueron sometidos a biopsia de próstata y posterior prostatectomía radical. Para ello se seleccionaron a pacientes con Gleason biópsico mayor o igual de 6 y candidatos a prostatectomía radical.RESULTADOS: La media de edad de los 128 pacientes incluidos en el estudio fue de 62,9 años, con una media de PSA de 8,53 ng/ml. Se observó igualdad de Score Gleason biopsia/prostatectomía en el 63,28 % de los pacientes y desigualdad en el 36,72 %. Tras comparar los resultados obtenidos entre la relación del score gleason tras extracción de 6 o 12 cilindros y tras prostatectomía radical no se apreciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativasCONCLUSIONES: La correlación gleason biopsia-prostatectomía radical es baja. No apreciamos mejoría significativa para esta correlación el obtener 12 cilindros en lugar de 6(AU)

OBJECTIVES: Our goal is to analyze the degree of concordance between the Gleason score (GS) obtained in prostate biopsies and the one after radical prostatectomy. The intention is to know whether 12-core biopsy, ins-tead of 6 (sextant biopsy), improves, or not, this correla-tion.METHODS: A Cohort/prevalence study was conducted on 128 patients who underwent prostate biopsy and subsequent radical prostatectomy. Patients showing biop-sy Gleason values greater or equal to 6 were selected as candidates for radical prostatectomy.RESULTS: Mean age of the group of 128 patients was 62.9 years, with a mean PSA value of 8.53ng/ml. There was concordance between biopsy Gleason score and that obtained after radical prostatectomy in 63.28% of cases, while discordance was found in 36.72% of cases. There were not significant statistical differences after comparing results obtained between Gleason sco-re concordance after 6 or 12-core biopsies and that obtained after radical prostatectomy.CONCLUSIONS: We have noticed a low correlation between Gleason score after biopsy when it was com-pared with that obtained after radical prostatectomy, while these results are similar to those found in the lite-rature. We did not find better results regarding Gleason score correlation after biopsies performed with 12 cores instead of 6(AU)

Spontaneous retroperitoneal abscess as the first clinical manifestation of a non-functioning retroperitoneal paraganglioma.

We demonstrate a novel clinical presentation of paraganglioma not described in the literature. The paraganglioma is a catecholamine secretory, or non-secretory, neuroendocrine tumour that derives from chromaffin cells. Its frequency, with regard to pheochromocytoma, is low, and the abdominal region is the most frequent localisation site, followed in importance by the cervical region. We report the case of a 54-year-old woman diagnosed with a retroperitoneal abscess; after drainage of the lesion, samples indicated necrotic paraganglioma cells, so it was decided to conduct a survey to determine catecholamine levels in urine, and carry out a MIBG gammagraphy, which described a non-functioning retroperitoneal paraganglioma that underwent surgical removal. There was no residual disease after 3-month follow-up.

Uso de la solución de hidratación oral con o sin tomas de agua intermedia en niños deshidratados por diarrea aguda / Oral rehydration therapy with or without intermediate water in dehydrated children with acute diarrhea

Se estudiaron prospectivamente 50 niños deshidratados con diarrea aguda con edades entre uno a 18 meses, a quienes se dividió en dos grupos: 25 niños del grupo A recibieron la solución de hidratación oral (SHO) recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y 25 niños del grupo B recibieron la misma SHO pero con una toma de agua intermedia por cada dos tomas de la SHO. Se observó corrección de la deshidratación en todos los casos. En el grupo A, 18 niños presentaron isonatremia al ingreso, la cual se mantuvo en 16 casos al rehidratarse; en cambio, de nueve niños del grupo B con isonatremia al ingreso, se desarrolló hiponatremia en cuatro al corregir su deshidratación. Asimismo, de siete niños del grupo A y 16 del grupo B que presentaron hiponatremia al ingreso, normalizáron su natremia al hidratarse seis y ocho, respectivamente. Los resultados descritos confirman la eficacia y seguridad de la SHO recomendada por la OMS, administrada sin tomas de agua intermedia, en el manejo de la deshidratación del niño con diarrea aguda

1,144 niños con diarrea aguda hidratados por vía oral con solución de 90 mmol/l de sodio / 1,144 children with acute diarrhea treated by oral route with sodium solution at 90 mmol/l

Se estudiaron 1,335 niños con deshidratación (DH) secundaria a diarrea aguda que ingresaron a la Unidad de Hidratación Oral del Hospital del Niño de Villahermosa Tabasco, México, de junio de 1984 a marzo de 1986. A todos los niños se les hidrató por vía oral de primera intención, usando la solución oral (SO) de 90 mmol/L de sodio, sin agua extra. Se corrigió la deshidratación entre las cuatro y seis horas del ingreso, en 1,144 casos (85.7% ); en 191 (14.3% ) pacientes no se logró corrección de la deshidratación; no hubo defunciones. La edad de los niños recuperados fluctuó de los 12 días a seis años. Predominó la DH leve en un 89.4% ; de estos 654 (57.1% ) presentaron vómito al ingreso, y 112 (9.7% ) en su estancia. La SO fue aceptada voluntariamente en 1,109 (97% ) casos y sólo en 35 casos (3.0% ) se requirió gastroclísis. Regresaron al control de la hidratación el 46% de los egresados y reingresaron 17 (3.20% ), que requirieron nuevo manejo. Se reportan los buenos resultados obtenidos con la hidratación oral usando la SO pura de la Organización Mundial de la Salud