[Introduction to the commemorative session of the centennial of the death of Louis Pasteur]. / Introduction à la séance commémorative du centenaire de la mort de Louis Pasteur.

When elected a member of Académie de médecine in 1873, Pasteur was well known for his achievements in chemistry, fermentation and silk worm diseases. He denied spontaneity of diseases, their cause are living germs. Passionate disputations took place in Academy on subjects of septicaemia, childbirth fever, or fowl cholera. In 1881, his success was obtained by vaccination of sheep against epidemic anthrax: his method of virus action softening was available for many human infections diseases, in spite of many disputations. The same method applied to rabies gave him universal glory. When he died in 1895, his views on infections diseases were accepted by Academie de medecine and all over the world.

Connaissances actuelles sur le mecanisme du pouvoir pathogene des escherichia coli

Les escherichia coli constituent un tres vaste groupe de bacteries. Ils constituent egalement l'espece dominante de la flore aerobie du gros intestin. La possession de certains caracteres est correlee avec des pouvoirs pathogenes tres divers

Supplement 1989 (n. 33) to the Kauffmann-White scheme.

This supplement reports the characters of 18 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1989 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 11 were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, 3 to subspecies salamae, 1 to subspecies arizonae, 2 to subspecies houtenae and 1 to S. bongori.

[Obtaining, by means of a strain of Citrobacter freundii, a serum specific agglutinant for Salmonella of the subspecies I of group B, without the necessity for absorption]. / Obtention, au moyen d'une souche de Citrobacter freundii, d'un sérum agglutinant spécifique des Salmonella de la sous-espèce I du groupe B, ne nécessitant pas d'absorption.

A strain of Citrobacter freundii possessing the factors O:4,27 of Salmonella, without factor O:12, may be used for preparation of a diagnostic serum for identification of strains of Salmonella sub-species I belonging to O-group B, without absorption.

[1988 supplement (no. 32) to the Kauffmann-White scheme]. / Supplément 1988 (no. 32) au schéma de Kauffmann-White.

This supplement reports the characters of 35 Salmonella serovars recognized in 1988 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 22 serovars belong to subspecies 1, 4 to subspecies II, 6 to subspecies IIIb and 3 to subspecies IV.

[1987 supplement (no. 31) to the schema of Kauffmann-White]. / Supplément 1987 (n. 31) au schéma de Kauffmann-White.

This supplement reports the characters of 16 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1987 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 10 serovars belong to subspecies I, 2 to subspecies II, 1 to subspecies IIIb, 2 to subspecies IV and 1 to subspecies V.

Typing of Salmonella species.

Epidemiological markers of strains of Salmonella are classified as major or minor. Major epidemiological markers are determined by chromosomal genes and are not affected by extrachromosomal elements. They are subspecies and serovars. Minor epidemiological markers are either affected by extrachromosomal replicons or have an insufficiently proven genetic stability and are used to subdivide serovars in detailed epidemiological investigations. These minor markers are biovars, phagovars, bacteriocinovars, patterns of resistance to antimicrobial agents, and restriction patterns of chromosomal and plasmid DNA.

[Supplement 1986 (No. 30) to the Kauffmann-White classification]. / Supplément 1986 (No. 30) au schéma de Kauffmann-White.

This supplement reports the characters of 28 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1986 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 14 serovars belong to subspecies, I, 5 to subspecies II, 2 to subspecies IIIa, 4 to subspecies IIIb and 3 to subspecies IV. One serovar formerly considered as "atypical subspecies I" and 8 as "atypical subspecies II" are now classified in the new subspecies VI.

The prevalence of human isolates of Salmonella subspecies II in southern Africa.

The Salmonella Reference Centre in Johannesburg received 14059 strains of human origin between 1979 and 1984. A significant proportion (6.3%) proved to belong to subspecies II. The majority were cultured from faecal material, usually associated with symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract. They comprised 884 isolates, represented by 203 serotypes, of which 45 were new serotypes. The poor hygienic conditions found in many rural areas, together with possible contamination of food and water by wild animals, may contribute to the greater frequency of human S.II infections and the widespread occurrence of unusual serotypes in man in this geographic region.

[Characterization of a 7th subspecies of Salmonella: S. choleraesuis subsp. indica subsp. nov]. / Individualisation d'une septième sous-espèce de Salmonella: S. choleraesuis subsp. indica subsp. nov.

A new Salmonella subspecies designated as S. choleraesuis subsp. indica (shortly, subspecies VI) was delineated on the basis of biochemical characters and genomic relatedness. Eight serovars were assigned to this subspecies: one of these was previously classified in subspecies I (serovar Ferlac) and seven in subspecies II. This subspecies can be identified by five biochemical characters: gelatinase+, malonate-, L(+)tartrate-, salicin- and sorbitol-. The type strain is CIP 102501 (serovar 1,6,14,25:a:e,n,x formerly called Ferlac).

[1985 supplement to the Kauffmann-White classification]. / Supplément 1985 au schéma de Kauffmann-White.

This supplement reports the characters of 24 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 1985 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 7 serovars belong to subspecies I, 14 to subspecies II, 1 to subspecies IIIb, 1 to subspecies IV and 1 to subspecies V.

Expression of antigenic factor O:54 is associated with the presence of a plasmid in Salmonella.

Salmonella serovar Tonev (antigenic formula, 21,54:b:e,n,x) is classified in the Salmonella group O:54, and contains a 7.5-kilobase plasmid, designated pIP1340. Tonev NV, a variant lacking pIP1340, failed to express O:54 (antigenic formula identical with that of serovar Minnesota, 21:b:e,n,x). Phenotypic tagging of plasmid pIP1340 by transposon Tn5 produced plasmid pIP1341. Factor O:54 expression in Tonev NV was restored after transformation by pIP1341 NDA or after co-transformation by a mixture of pBR322 and pIP1340 DNA. Similarly, the twelve other serovars presently classified in Salmonella group O:54 harboured a small plasmid which was not detectable in isogenic O:54-negative variants isolated from the parent strain. Transfer of plasmid pIP1341 into these O:54-negative variants and also into reference strains of serovars of Salmonella group O:4 (Banana and Typhimurium), group O:7 (Thompson and Mbandaka), group O:8 (Ferruch, Hadar and Kentucky), group O:3,10 (Orion) and group O:21 (Minnesota) supported the conclusion that plasmid pIP1340 encodes or regulates some functions required for factor O:54 expression by various serovars of Salmonella.