The impact of the distance traveled between residence and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia reference center and clinical outcomes in Brazilian women.

OBJECTIVE: To relate the distance traveled from the patient's residence to the gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) reference center (RC) and the occurrence of unfavorable clinical outcomes, as well as to estimate the possible association between this distance and the risk of metastatic disease at presentation, the need for multiagent chemotherapy to achieve remission and loss to follow-up before remission. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective historical cohort study of patients with GTN followed at 8 Brazilian GTN-RC, from January 1st, 2000 - December 31st, 2017. RESULTS: Evaluating 1055 cases of GTN, and using a receiver operating characteristic curve, we found a distance of 56 km (km) from the residence to the GTN-RC (sensitivity = 0.57, specificity = 0.61) best predicted the occurrence of at least one of the following outcomes: occurrence of metastatic disease, need for multiagent chemotherapy to achieve remission, or loss to follow-up during chemotherapy. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted by age, ethnicity, marital status and the reference center location showed that when the distance between residence and GTN-RC was ≥56 km, there was an increase in the occurrence of metastatic disease (relative risk - RR:3.27; 95%CI:2.20-4.85), need for multiagent chemotherapy (RR:1.36; 95%CI:1.05-1.76), loss to follow-up during chemotherapy (RR:4.52; 95CI:1.93-10.63), occurrence of chemoresistance (RR:4.61; 95%CI:3.07-6.93), relapse (RR:10.27; 95%CI:3.08-34.28) and death due to GTN (RR:3.62; 95%CI:1.51-8.67). CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the patient's residence and the GTN-RC is a risk factor for unfavorable outcomes, including death from this disease. It is crucial to guarantee these patients get prompt access to the GTN-RC and receive follow-up support.

Dados alarmantes sobre a notificação de sífilis congênita em uma capital do Norte brasileiro: um estudo transversal / Alarming data on the notification of congenital syphilis in a capital of the North of Brazil: a cross-sectional study

RESUMO: Modelo do estudo: Estudo de prevalência. Objetivo do estudo: Descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos portadores de Sífilis Congênita entre Janeiro de 2010 a Junho de 2016 em uma capital do Norte brasileiro. Metodologia: Foi realizado um levantamento das fichas de notificação para infecção por sífilis congênita da Vigilância Epidemiológica em Rio Branco-Acre no período de Janeiro 2010 a Junho de 2016. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultados: Foram notificados 189 casos de sífilis congênita precoce. Apenas 36,51% (n=69) receberam diagnóstico de sífilis gestacional antes do parto. Os casos evoluíram com 74,6% de nascidos vivos, 15,3% de natimortos, 6,3% de abortos e 2,1% de óbitos por sífilis congênita. A relação entre o Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) materno e o desfecho dos casos sugere que filhos provenientes de mães com títulos ≥1:16 representam 82,2% das evoluções deletérias associadas (p=0,045). Conclusão: A sífilis na gestação é uma patologia ainda subdiagnosticada durante a gravidez e, nesse estudo, foi mais frequente em filhos de mães no auge da menacme, de baixa escolaridade e moradoras da zona urbana. Apesar das medidas preventivas já implantadas, a sífilis congênita continua sendo um problema de saúde pública nesta capital do Norte brasileiro e deve continuar como alvo de estudos que gerem novas estratégias de prevenção. (AU)

ABSTRACT: Study model: A Prevalence study. Objective: Describing the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with Congenital Syphilis between January 2010 and June 2016 in a capital city in the North of Brazil. Methodology: A survey was carried based on the reports of infection for congenital syphilis of the Epidemiological Surveillance in Rio Branco-Acre from January 2010 to June 2016. The data were analyzed through the SPSS Program. Results: 189 cases of early congenital syphilis were reported. Only 36.51% (n = 69) were diagnosed with gestational syphilis before delivery. The cases evolved with 74.6% of live births, 15.3% of stillborn infants, 6.3% of abortions, and 2.1% of congenital syphilis deaths. The relationship between the maternal VDRL and the outcome of the cases suggests that children from mothers with titles ≥1:16 represent 82.2% of the associated deleterious evolutions (p = 0.045). Conclusion: Congenital syphilis is a pathology still underdiagnosed during pregnancy and, in this study, was more frequent in children of mothers at the height of menacme, low schooling, and urban dwellers. Despite preventive measures already in place, congenital syphilis continues to be a public health problem in this capital of the Brazilian North and should continue to be the target of studies that generate new prevention strategies. (AU)

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia lethality among Brazilian women: A retrospective national cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate GTN lethality among Brazilian women comparing cases of death by GTN with those who survived, thereby identifying factors associated with GTN lethality. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of women with GTN treated at ten Brazilian GTN Reference Centers, from January 1960 to December 2017. We evaluated factors associated with death from GTN and used Cox proportional hazards regression models to identify independent variables with significant influence on the risk of death. RESULTS: From 2186 patients with GTN included in this study, 2092 (95.7%) survived and 89 (4%) died due to GTN. When analyzing the relative risk (RR), adjusted for WHO/FIGO score, patients with low risk disease had a significantly higher risk of death if they had choriocarcinoma (RR: 12.40), metastatic disease (RR: 12.57), chemoresistance (RR: 3.18) or initial treatment outside the Reference Center (RR: 12.22). In relation to patients with high-risk GTN, these factors were significantly associated with death due to GTN: the time between the end of antecedent pregnancy and the initiation of chemotherapy (RR: 4.10), metastatic disease (RR: 14.66), especially in brain (RR: 8.73) and liver (RR: 5.76); absence of chemotherapy or initial treatment with single agent chemotherapy (RR: 10.58 and RR: 1.81, respectively), chemoresistance (RR: 3.20) and the initial treatment outside the Reference Center (RR: 28.30). CONCLUSION: The risk of mortality from low and high-risk GTN can be reduced by referral of these patients to a Reference Center or, if not possible, to involve clinicians in a Reference Center with consultation regarding management.

High-risk pregnancy: clinical-epidemiological profile of pregnant women attended at the prenatal service of the Public Maternity Hospital of Rio Branco, Acre / Gestação de alto risco: perfil clínico-epidemiológico das gestantes atendidas no serviço de pré-natal da maternidade pública de Rio Branco, Acre

Abstract Objectives: to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of the pregnant women treated at the high-risk prenatal service of the Public Maternity Hospital of Rio Branco, Acre Methods: a cross-sectional study of326pregnant women attended at the Rio Branco high risk prenatal outpatient clinic from April to May 2016. Interviews were conducted with a structured questionnaire. Results: the results showed that the mean age of women was 28 years old, schooling equal to or higher than high school (58.8%), married / stable union (81.7%), unemployed (50%); (26.4%), four or more pregnancies (32.8%), prenatal start with gestational age <12 weeks (69.3%), and 3 to 5 prenatal consultations (58%). The most frequent clinical antecedents were obesity (35%) and chronic hypertension (8%). The most frequent clinical and obstetric complications were urinary tract infection (39.9%), weight gain (30.4%), anemia (14%), threat of abortion (11%) and gestational hypertension (10.4%) Conclusions: knowledge about the clinical-epidemiological profile of high-risk pregnant women helps to create strategic health services instruments and, consequently, to reduce maternal mortality.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico das gestantes atendidas no serviço de pré-natal de alto risco da Maternidade Pública de Rio Branco, Acre. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal de 326 gestantes atendidas no ambulatório de prénatal de alto risco de Rio Branco no período de abril a maio de 2016. Foram realizadas entrevistas com questionário estruturado. Resultados: os resultados evidenciaram que a média de idade das mulheres foi de 28 anos, escolaridade igual ou superior ao ensino médio (58,8%), casada/união estável (81,7%), desempregadas (50%); primigestas (26,4%), quatro ou mais gestações (32,8%), início do pré-natal com idade gestacional <12 semanas (69,3%) e de 3 a 5 consultas de prénatal (58%). Os antecedentes clínicos mais observados foram obesidade (35%) e hipertensão arterial crônica (8%). As intercorrências clínicas e obstétricas mais frequentes foram infecção do trato urinário (39,9%), ganho ponderal maior (30,4%), anemia (14%), ameaça de abortamento (11%) e hipertensão gestacional (10,4%). Conclusões: o conhecimento a cerca do perfil clinico-epidemiológico das gestantes de alto risco permite auxiliar na criação de instrumentos estratégicos dos serviços de saúde e consequentemente na redução da mortalidade materna.

Is chemotherapy always necessary for patients with nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with histopathological diagnosis of choriocarcinoma?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate expectant management versus immediate chemotherapy following pathological diagnosis of gestational choriocarcinoma (GCC) in patients with nonmetastatic disease. METHODS: Multicenter retrospective cohort that included patients with histological diagnosis of GCC with nonmetastatic disease followed at one of thirteen Brazilian referral centers for gestational trophoblastic disease from January 2000 to December 2016. RESULTS: Among 3191 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, 199 patients with nonmetastatic GCC were identified. Chemotherapy was initiated immediately in 152 (76.4%) patients per FIGO 2000 guideline, while 47 (23.6%) were managed expectantly. Both groups presented with similar characteristics and outcomes. All patients (n=12) who had normal human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the first 2-3weeks of expectant management achieved complete sustained remission with no chemotherapy. Only 44.7% (21 patients) of patients who were expectantly managed needed to receive chemotherapy due to plateauing or rising hCG level in the first 2-3weeks of follow up. The outcome of patients receiving chemotherapy after initial expectant management was similar to those who received chemotherapy immediately after the diagnosis in terms of need for multi-agent chemotherapy or number of cycles of chemotherapy. There was no case of relapse or death in either group. Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥40years and hCG≥92,428IU/L at GCC diagnosis were risk factors for needing chemotherapy after initial expectant management of nonmetastatic GCC. CONCLUSION: In order to avoid exposing patients unnecessarily to chemotherapy, close surveillance of women with pathological diagnosis of nonmetastatic GCC seems to be a safe practice, particularly for those who have a normal hCG at the time of diagnosis. If confirmed by other studies, the FIGO guidelines may need to be revised.

Cervicoplastia ampliada para correção de alterações cervicais / Expanded cervicoplasty to correction of cervical changes

INTRODUÇÃO: A cervicoplastia é considerada parte importante na cirurgia do rejuvenescimento facial. Apesar das diversas técnicas já descritas, a busca pelo tratamento ideal ainda persiste. As dificuldades aumentam nos casos considerados complexos, em que a flacidez excessiva de pele e a ptose muscular pronunciada prejudicam a manutenção dos resultados a longo prazo. OBJETIVOS: No intuito de discutir as opções técnicas disponíveis para a cervicoplastia e apresentar a rotina cirúrgica utilizada pelo autor - com ênfase no tratamento ampliado sobre o músculo platisma - é que este estudo foi delineado. MÉTODO: Dezoito pacientes foram submetidos ao round lifting associado à confecção de retalhos musculares de platisma, na linha médio-cervical, e à retirada parcial da gordura subplatismal. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por 12 meses e o resultado pós-operatório tardio foi avaliado por cinco cirurgiões plásticos da SBCP. RESULTADOS: Quatro pacientes foram excluídos do estudo por não retornarem para o acompanhamento pós-operatório tardio. Dos 14 pacientes avaliados, 7 (50 por cento) tiveram o resultado classificado como excelente, 5 (35,7 por cento) como moderado e 2 (14,3 por cento) como fraco. Nenhum paciente teve o resultado classificado como perfeito ou ruim. CONCLUSÃO: A cervicoplastia ampliada proporcionou a obtenção de resultados satisfatórios, mesmo em casos difíceis. Acreditamos que a técnica é uma alternativa válida para o cirurgião plástico, podendo contribuir para que obtenhamos um resultado pós-operatório agradável, natural e mantido com o tempo.

INTRODUCTION: Cervicoplasty is considered an important part of facial surgery. Despite the various techniques already described, the search for optimal treatment still persists, especially in complex or difficult cases, where the skin excess and the muscular ptosis affect the maintenance of long-term results. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to discuss the technical options available to cervicoplasty and present the routine used by the author - with emphasis on platisma muscle extended treatment. METHOD: Eighteen patients were submitted to "Round Lifting" associated with a platisma muscle flap in cervical mid-line and partial removal of subplatismal fat. The patients were followed for 12 months and late postoperative outcome was evaluated by five of SBCP plastic surgeons. RESULTS: Four patients were excluded for not returning for follow-up. Of the 14 patients evaluated, 7 (50 percent) patients had an excellent result, 5 (35.7 percent) patients moderate and 2 (14.3 percent) weak. No patient had the result classified as perfect or poor. CONCLUSION: The expanded cervicoplasty described here provided great results, even in difficult cases. We believe that the technique is a valid alternative to the plastic surgeon, which can help you obtain a pleasing postoperative result, natural and maintained over time.

Resposta clínico-parasitológica ao tratamento com quinino associado à doxiciclina em casos de malária falciparum não-complicada / Clinical-parasitological response to treatment with quinine associated to doxycycline in uncomplicated falciparum malaria

A resposta de portadores de malária falciparum, não-complicada, ao tratamento com quinino mais doxiciclina foi pesquisada em ensaio clínico aberto. A maioria dos portadores (76,2 por cento; n=16) apresentaram plasmódios sensíveis e 23,8 por cento (n=5) resistentes. Este esquema terapêutico parece ser ainda boa opção nos casos de malária falciparum não-complicada.

Lesões precursoras do câncer de colo em mulheres adolescentes e adultas jovens do município de Rio Branco - Acre / Cervical cancer precursor lesions in adolescent and young adult women of Rio Branco - Acre

Objetivo: descrever a freqüência das lesões precursoras do câncer de colo uterino em mulheres de 15 a 29 anos, associando o grau de acometimento com características epidemiológicas e fatores de risco associados. Métodos: foi realizado estudo transversal com a pesquisa de lesões precursoras do câncer de colo uterino, através do exame de Papanicolaou, em mulheres de 15 a 29 anos com vida sexual ativa, residentes no município de Rio Branco, no período de janeiro a setembro de 2001. Como instrumento de investigaçäo, foi aplicada ficha clínico-ginecológica, constando dados epidemiológicos, fatores de risco e resultados do exame físico-ginecológico, incluindo teste de Schiller e coleta de espécime para exame citopatológico. Resultados: das 2.397 mulheres estudadas, 155 (6,4 por cento) apresentaram algum tipo de alteraçäo epitelial cervical, sendo 146 (94,2 por cento) lesões escamosas e 9 (5,8 por cento) lesões glandulares. Nas mulheres com faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos a freqüência de alteraçäo celular epitelial foi de 6,9 por cento, semelhante a 6,3 cento observada naquelas de 20 a 29 anos (p>0,65). Este tipo de alteraçäo foi associada ao baixo grau de escolaridade (p<0,003), ao número maior de parceiros (p<0,04), à história de doença sexualmente transmissível (p<0,001) e ao tabagismo (p<0,01). Conclusäo: a freqüência elevada de lesões precursoras em faixa etária abaixo do esperado, com o padräo epidemiológico observado em outras fases da vida da mulher, evidencia a exposiçäo precoce aos fatores risco, o que antecipa o desenvolvimento do câncer de colo uterino

[Clinical-parasitological response to treatment with quinine associated to doxycycline in uncomplicated falciparum malaria]. / Resposta clínico-parasitológica ao tratamento com quinino associado à doxiciclina em casos de malária falciparum não-complicada.

The response of patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria to quinine plus doxycycline was studied in an open clinical trial. The majority (76.2%; n = 16) had plasmodia sensitive to the treatment and 23.8% (n = 5) were resistant. This therapeutic scheme appears to be a good option in uncomplicated falciparum malaria.