[Significance of molecular genetic and immunological techniques in risk groups and in children with tuberculosis]. / Znachenie molekuliarno-geneticheskikh i immunologicheskikh metodov issledovaniia v gruppakh riska i u bol'nykh tuberkulezom detei.

A total of 188 children and adolescents were examined. In all the children, blood Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) DNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and MBT antigens (AG) and antibodies (AB) were by enzyme immunoassay. The studies have shown that it is expedient to concurrently determine MBT DNA and MBT AT in order to identify local forms of tuberculosis in children from risk groups. If the tests are positive, a comprehensive examination for tuberculosis is required; the presence of the syndrome of common disturbances is generally associated with tuberculous infection. When a local form of tuberculosis is excluded, preventive chemotherapy should be performed. Further negative tests for MBT DNA and lower MBT AT may be a criterion for the efficiency of preventive treatment. In children with tuberculosis, the results of repeated blood and urine tests for MBT DNA provide a way of evaluating the course of a tuberculous process and the efficiency of chemotherapy. PCR used to determine blood and urine MBT DNA is a highly specific test as positive results were in 79% of the children with tuberculosis.

[Biological properties and antigenic interconnection between Tiuleniy and Karshi flaviviruses]. / Biologicheskie svoistva i antigennye vzaimosviazi flavivirusov tiulenii i karshi.

Biological properties of flaviviruses Tyuleny and Karshi, new for the science, were studied. The viruses are highly pathogenic for laboratory animals; they replicate fairly well in primary chick embryo cells and PS cells. BHK-21 cells were found susceptible to replication of Karshi virus. Tyuleny and Karshi viruses were found capable of initiating and maintaining a persistent infection in primary brain cell cultures from suckling Syrian hamsters for at least 3 months. Both the viruses showed cytoproliferative activity in respect of the above cells in tissue cultures. Our data indicate that Tyuleny virus, a member of a separate antigenic group, is more closely related to Japanese encephalitis virus (strain JaGar 01), and Karshi virus to Powassan virus.

[Monoclonal immunoglobulins to the antigens of the Japanese encephalitis virus]. / Monoklonal'nye immunoglobuliny k antigenam virusa iaponskogo éntsefalita.

Six hybridomas of the EJ series producing monoclonal antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus antigens were generated by hybridization of immune splenocytes with the parental line of mouse myeloma cells NS-0, and one hybridoma (EJ-10) with the X63-Ag8/653 line. Among 7 species of monoclonal antibodies examined by Ouchterlony method, 3 were identified as IgM and 4 as IgG. The highest clone-producing efficacy was shown by hybridoma EJ-10 generated on the basis of X-653 cells and the least by hybridoma EJ-20. The hybrid cells readily established in the cavity of mice producing ascitic tumors in 37%-86% cases. Among the derived clones, two were found, EJ-4 (IgG) and EJ-19 (IgM), to possess a high growth potential, satisfactory clone-producing efficacy, a high per cent of positive clones in recloning, and stable production of antiviral monoclonal antibody. Hybridomas EJ-4 and EJ-19 demonstrated a marked capacity for mouse-to-mouse transmission in serial passages providing for preparative accumulation of these monospecific immunoglobulins.

[Monoclonal antibodies to the Japanese encephalitis virus in ascitic hybridoma preparations]. / Minoklonal'nye antitela k virusu iaponskogo éntsefalita v astsitnykh preparatakh gibridom.

Among 4 ascitic preparations of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to the Japanese encephalitis virus (JE) hybridomas JE-4 and JE-19 had high multiplication potentials and high levels of reimplantation and transplantability in mice BALB/c. The possibility of using the complete Freund's adjuvant and pristan for priming the mice was shown. The use of pristan promoted a significant decrease in the periods of ascitic tumor development and an increase in accumulation of the cells in the ascitic tumor, in the volume of the ascitic fluid and the titers of the monoclonal antibodies. The serological assays revealed that the monoclonal antibodies produced by JE hybridomas did not react with the JE virus antigen in the hemagglutination inhibition test. However, they were highly active in the indirect immunofluorescence test. IgM of hybridoma JE-19 reacted with the JE virus antigen in the complement fixation test while monoclonal IgG produced by hybridoma JE-4 was active in the neutralization test when titrated in the cultures of the swine embryo kidney transplantable cells. The monoclonal JE antibodies did not react with the JE virus antigen in the hemagglutination inhibition test and did not bind to the antigen of the "Sofin" strain of the forest-spring encephalitis virus in the test performed with the indirect fluorescent antibody technique.

[Modelling of a chronic infection in a cell culture of the brain of suckling Syrian hamsters due to viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex]. / Modeliroavnie khronicheskoi infektsii kul'tur kletok golovnogo mozga sosunkov siriiskikh khomiachkov, vyzvannoi virusami kompleksa kleshchevogo éntsefalita.

The capacity of 3 members of the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex (Langat Tp-21, Sophyin, Elantsev) differing in their biological properties to induce chronic infection in primary cultures of suckling Syrian hamster brain cells (SHB) was studied. Three types of the infectious process were observed in these cells. Langat Tp-21 virus showed cytoproliferative activity in chronically infected SHB cell cultures; formation of cell colonies and alternation of phases of destruction and repopulation were observed with persisting Sophyin strain. The Elantsev strain in these cells produced infection with unestablished virus-cell equilibrium. The persisting viruses were shown to undergo changes in their biological properties consisting in the loss of the hemagglutinating activity and reduced pathogenicity for the susceptible animals.

[Patterns in the development of radiation tumors of the stomach and intestines]. / Nekotorye zakonomernosti razvitiia luchevykh opukholei zheludka i kishechnika.

In the experiments on dogs and rats it was shown that gastric and intestinal neoplasms arise under the influence of different kinds of radiation, these may be located in all portions of the stomach and bowel and are of a different histological origin. They are not infrequently primary multiple, mostly benign neoplasms which show multicentric growth. The frequency of tumors appearance, their localization, an average latent period, the degree of malignancy and multiplicity are conditioned by the amount of tissue dosage, the topography of their distribution in the alimentary tract and the level of total irradiation of the organism. With the increased dosage of local irradiation the latent period and multiplicity are decreased, while the incidence of malignancy raised. The optimum levels of the tissue dosage and the time of maximum tumor appearance were determined for each type of radiation.