Comparación de mujeres jóvenes con obesidad y normopeso: vivencia corporal, hábitos saludables y regulación emocional / Comparison of young women with and without obesity: body experience, healthy habits and emotional regulation

RESUMEN La obesidad es un problema de salud pública, siendo especialmente importante entre mujeres jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la vivencia corporal, los hábitos saludables y regulación emocional entre mujeres jóvenes chilenas con obesidad y normopeso. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio y diseño descriptivo-analítico. Para describir la muestra se usó el Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) que mide imagen corporal, el Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) para evaluar ingesta emocional, y el Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), que mide sintomatología psicológica. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, que fueron analizadas utilizando codificación abierta de la Grounded Theory. Los resultados indican que ambos grupos presentan insatisfacción con la forma y peso de sus cuerpos, predominando en las participantes con obesidad al percibir limitaciones corporales. Las mujeres con obesidad describieron que regularon emociones negativas a través de la alimentación. Las participantes normopeso se caracterizaron por hábitos saludables, como actividad física y alimentación balanceada y en ambos grupos valorizan el cuidado del cuerpo y la estética personal, aunque sólo participantes normopeso presentaron conductas de cuidado efectivas.

ABSTRACT Obesity is a public health problem and is especially important among young women. The objective of this study was to compare the body experience, food habits and emotional regulation among young women with and without obesity. The study had a qualitative approach, was exploratory in scope and had a descriptive-analytical design. To describe the sample, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used to measure body image, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to assess emotional intake, and the Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), which measures psychological symptoms. In-depth interviews were conducted, which were analyzed using Grounded Theory's open theory. The results indicated that both groups showed dissatisfaction with the shape and weight of their bodies, with women with obesity reporting perceived body limitations. Women with obesity reported regulating negative emotions through food. Non-obese participants reported healthy habits, such as physical activity and a balanced diet, and in both groups, body care and personal aesthetics were valued, although only non-obese participants reported effective care behaviors.

The effect of a mindfulness-based intervention in cognitive functions and psychological well-being applied as an early intervention in schizophrenia and high-risk mental state in a Chilean sample: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: According to the projections of the World Health Organization, 15% of all disabilities will be associated with mental illnesses by 2020. One of the mental disorders with the largest social impacts due to high personal and family costs is psychosis. Among the most effective psychological approaches to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders at the world level is cognitive behavioral therapy. Recently, cognitive behavioral therapy has introduced several tools and strategies that promote psychological processes based on acceptance and mindfulness. A large number of studies support the effectiveness of mindfulness in dealing with various mental health problems, including psychosis. This study is aimed at determining the efficiency of a mindfulness-based program in increasing cognitive function and psychological well-being in patients with a first episode of schizophrenia and a high risk mental state (those at risk of developing an episode of psychosis). METHODS AND DESIGN: This is an experimentally designed, multi-center randomized controlled trial, with a 3-month follow-up period. The study participants will be 48 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (first episode) and 48 with a high-risk mental state, from Santiago, Chile, aged between 15 and 35 years. Participants will be submitted to a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI), which will involve taking part in eight mindfulness workshops adapted for people with psychosis. Workshops will last approximately 1.5 hours and take place once a week, over 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be the cognitive function through Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) and the secondary outcome will be psychological well-being measured by self-reporting questionnaires. DISCUSSION: The outcomes of this trial will add empirical evidence to the benefits and feasibility of MBIs for the psychotherapeutic treatment of patients with schizophrenia and high-risk mental states in reducing cognitive impairment in attention, working memory, and social cognition, as well as increasing the psychological well-being by empowering the patients' personal resources in the management of their own symptoms and psychotic experiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registration number ISRCTN24327446 . Registered on 12 September 2016.