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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(82): 121-129, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-184581

RESUMO

Introducción: el acoso escolar es un problema actual que está cobrando gran importancia debido al aumento de la prevalencia que está experimentado y a las repercusiones que tiene sobre los niños que lo sufren (problemas de salud, problemas escolares o problemas psicosociales). Objetivos: analizar y conocer las distintas características de las víctimas y acosadores, conocer sus problemas de salud, identificar las características del ciberbullying y analizar la eficacia de intervenciones con los alumnos para prevenir el acoso. Material y métodos: la muestra está formada por 65 alumnos (el 59,4% eran niñas, el 21,9% víctimas y el 17,2% acosadores), que respondieron una encuesta validada sobre el acoso escolar. El diseño es pretest/postest, con fase de intervención y se constituyen grupo intervenido y no intervenido. Resultados: existen diferencias entre víctimas y no víctimas en problemas relacionados con los estudios, ubicación del ordenador en el domicilio habitual del niño y también en la emoción de sentirse triste. Observamos que el 12,5% de los alumnos encuestados refieren haber presenciado ciberbullying en los últimos dos meses. Hay diferencias entre pretest y postest en distintas variables (ignorarle, hablar mal de él, pegarle, esconderle cosas). Por último, se encuentran diferencias significativas entre grupo intervenido y no intervenido en robar cosas. Conclusiones: como conclusión, los resultados obtenidos corroboran la alta importancia en la detección precoz del acoso escolar y la necesidad de instaurar intervenciones para disminuir su prevalencia


Background: bullying is an emergent problem that is growing in importance on account of its increasing prevalence and its impact on the children that experience it (health, academic or psychosocial problems). Objectives: to analyse and determine the different characteristics of victims and bullies, explore their health problems, identify the characteristics of cyberbullying and assess the effectiveness of interventions targeting students for the prevention of bullying. Materials and methods: the sample included 65 students (59.4% female, 21.9% victims and 17.2% bullies), that completed a validated questionnaire about school bullying. We used a pre-test, post-intervention study and established intervention and control groups. Results: we found differences between victims and non-victims in academic problems, the location of the computer in the habitual residence of the child and in feelings of sadness. We found that 12.5% of surveyed students reported having witnessed cyberbullying in the past 2 months. We found differences between the pre-test and post-test periods in several variables (ignoring, badmouthing, hitting, hiding belongings). Lastly, we found significant differences between the intervention and the control groups in the stealing of belongings. Conclusions: in conclusion, our findings corroborated the importance of the early detection of school bullying and the need to implement interventions to decrease its prevalence


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Bullying/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etiologia , Cyberbullying/psicologia , Bullying/estatística & dados numéricos , Sintomas Inexplicáveis
2.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 20(80): 365-370, oct.-dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180965

RESUMO

Introducción: dada la importancia de los trastornos del sueño en la infancia, el objetivo de nuestro estudio es conocer la prevalencia de estos en la población sana. Material y métodos: es un estudio observacional transversal descriptivo. Se realizó en el centro de Atención Primaria Las Delicias de Málaga (España). Se partió de una población a estudio correspondiente a los niños de dicho centro con edades comprendidas entre 2 y 14 años; de 2423 pacientes se seleccionaron 225, lo que constituye una muestra con una precisión del 5% y una proporción esperada del 30%. Se realizó una encuesta de preguntas con elección múltiple mediante la escala validada de trastornos del sueño de Bruni (Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children). Además, se recogieron otras variables como la presencia de patología respiratoria o el uso frecuente de aerosolterapia, para analizar si dichos pacientes con problemas respiratorios presentaban mayor prevalencia de trastornos del sueño, por posibles efectos secundarios de dicha medicación. Resultados: el 61% del total presentó algún tipo de trastorno del sueño, predominando los problemas del sueño-vigilia (38%), seguidos por los problemas respiratorios tipo síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño (18%). Presentaron problemas de inicio del sueño el 17%, hiperhidrosis el 15%, problemas del arousal el 13% y somnolencia diurna excesiva el 10%. El 23% de los niños tardan más de 30 minutos en dormirse. Conclusiones: nuestro estudio confirma una alta prevalencia de problemas del sueño en la edad pediátrica. Por tanto, el papel del pediatra en este ámbito es de gran importancia


Introduction: due the potential impact of sleep disorders in children, the aim of our study was to determine their prevalence in the healthy population. Materials and methods: we conducted a cross-sectional observational descriptive study. The setting was the Delicias Primary Care Centre in Malaga (Spain). The study universe was the catchment population of this centre aged 2 to 14 years; out of the 2423 eligible patients, we selected 225, a sample size with a precision of 5%, assuming a proportion of 30%. We conducted a survey by applying a validated questionnaire with items rated on a Likert scale, the Bruni Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. We also collected data for other variables, such as the presence of respiratory disease or the frequent use of aerosol therapy, to assess whether the prevalence of sleep disorders was higher in patients with respiratory problems due to the potential side effects of their medication. Results: we found an overall prevalence of sleep disorders of 61% in our sample, with a predominance of sleep-wake transition disorders (38%), followed for sleep breathing disorders (18%). We found problems with sleep initiation in 17%, hyperhidrosis in 15%, disorders of arousal in 13% and excessive daytime sleepiness in 10%. Sleep latency lasted longer than 30 minutes in 23% of the sample. Sleep latency lasted more than 30 minutes in 23% of children. Conclusions: our study confirms that there is a high prevalence of sleep problems in the paediatric age group. Therefore, the role of the paediatrician in this aspect is of great importance


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Síndromes da Apneia do Sono/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Apneia do Sono Tipo Central/epidemiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/epidemiologia
3.
J Paediatr Child Health ; 53(2): 116-122, 2017 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27701784

RESUMO

AIM: To analyse the associations between childcare centres and infectious morbidity and resource consumption. METHODS: Cohort study from birth to 2 years. OUTCOME VARIABLE: number and types of infections, drug consumption and medical visits. Exposure variable: attending or not attending a childcare centre. School age: 6-12, >12-18, >18-24 months. RESULTS: The initial cohort comprised 445 children, and the final cohort comprised 419 children. The mean number of recurrent infections and wheezing was higher in children attending childcare centres in all age groups with significant differences. Recurrent acute otitis media was observed in the 12- to 18-month group with an odds ratio of 6.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-27.6; P = 0.001) in the children attending childcare centres. In children older than 6 months, there was greater consumption of antibiotics, inhaled bronchodilators, oral and inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast. CONCLUSIONS: Attending a childcare is associated with an increased frequency of recurrent infections and wheezing, as well as the consumption of antibiotics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids and montelukast.


Assuntos
Creches , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/etiologia , Recursos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Morbidade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia
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