[Inflammatory diseases : anatomo-pathological features]. / Maladies inflammatoires : aspects anatomo-pathologiques.

The aim of this article is to describe the role of anatomic pathology in the management of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Granulomatous pathologies will be also addressed as well as some dysimmune pathologies and recent data on the prognostic role of the antitumoral inflammatory response.

: Le but de cet article est de décrire le rôle joué par l'anatomie pathologique dans la prise en charge de maladies inflammatoires aiguës et chroniques. Les pathologies granulomateuses seront également abordées de même que certaines pathologies dysimmunitaires et des données récentes sur le rôle pronostique de la réponse inflammatoire antitumorale.

[Complementary exams in child abuse: A French national study in 2015]. / Explorations complémentaires face à une situation d'enfant en danger : état des lieux des pratiques en France en 2015.

INTRODUCTION: Even if there are HAS (French National Health Authority) guidelines on shaken baby syndrome, many other child abuse situations are not included in these recommendations. The aim of this study was to invent the complementary exams in cases of child abuse in France and compare the practice to existing guidelines. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a multicenter study by email to 128 French hospitals (35 university hospitals and 93 general hospitals) that receives children in emergency and hospitalization settings. Three child abuse clinical situations were included in a clinical case multiple-choice format concerning the further explorations. We described the main results and evaluated their adherence to the HAS protocol for case 1. RESULTS: Of 128 hospitals surveyed, 104 responded, for an 81 % response rate, which corresponded to 274 doctors. Analysis of the results showed great heterogeneity in practices. The majority of physicians (99 %) performed systematic explorations in the situation of physical abuse, while only 27 % undertook such exams in situations of serious neglect. The situation of sexual abuse was the most consensual in terms of diagnostic tests for the detection of sexually transmitted diseases, but other types of associated abuse were not sought. In the first case, the HAS guidelines were respected in less than half of the cases for all complementary exams except the eye fundus exam. Abdominal imaging was insufficiently performed (40 % of cases). Examinations that were not indicated were still prescribed. Moreover, siblings under 2 years of age were examined in only one-third of cases (n=88/274; 32 %). Practices were not influenced by the age of the child. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates the heterogeneity in the use of complementary exams in cases of child abuse in France. Common protocols throughout the country would be useful, standardizing the most relevant exams for potential medical-legal issues, and facilitating exchanges concerning practices between different centers.

[Bronchiectasis revealing triple A syndrome]. / Une dilatation de bronches révélant un syndrome du triple A.

We report on the case of a 3-year-old child presenting bilateral bronchiectasis due to recurrent pneumonia with esophageal achalasia. The final diagnosis was triple A syndrome. This presentation is particularly atypical and rare at this age.