First record of the genus Pseudaeginella Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) with a new species from Korean waters.

A new species of the genus Pseudaeginella Mayer, 1890 belonging to the family Caprellidae Leach, 1814 was collected from the South Sea in Korea. Pseudaeginellacarinaspinosasp. nov. is morphologically similar to related congeners belonging to the genera Paradeutella Mayer, 1890 and Pseudaeginella, in having dorsal projections on pereonites, triarticulate mandibular palp, small or absent molar, and uniarticulate pereopods 3 and 4. However, this new species is distinguished from its congeners by the position and size of dorsal projection. This is the first record of Pseudaeginella from the Northwest Pacific region, including Korea, and a key to species of the genus Pseudaeginella is also provided.

Diastylis uniplicata sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea: Diastylidae) a new Korean cumacean.

A new species of cumacean belonging to the genus Diastylis Say, 1818 was collected from the Nokdo Island, Korea. The new species, Diastylis uniplicata sp. nov., can be distinguished from all other Diastylis species by the combination of the smooth carapace surface with a transverse ridge and a pair of oblique ridges, and telson 1.7 times as long as pleonite 6, with 5-6 short stout simple setae laterally. Full illustrations of the new species, including the mouthparts, are given in this paper. Also, a key to the Korean species of Diastylis is provided.

Three new species of the genus Bodotria (Crustacea: Cumacea: Bodotriidae) from the Yellow Sea in Korea.

Three new species of Cumacea belonging to the genus Bodotria were collected from the Yellow Sea in Korea. Among them, Bodotria (Bodotria) hwanghaensis sp. nov. and Bodotria (Bodotria) pseudomaculosa sp. nov. share the dorso-lateral carina on the carapace and uniarticulated uropod endopod with other Korean Bodotria species. In contrast, the last one, Bodotria (Atlantobodotria) incarinata sp. nov. lacks the dorso-lateral carina on the carapace and has a biarticulated uropod endopod. The new species B. (A.) incarinata sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Bodotria species by the combination of carapace without dorso-lateral carina or ridge, dorso-median carina marked over whole length of carapace, antero-lateral corner of carapace rounded, antennal notch shallow, maxilliped 3 merus and carpus dilated, pereopod 1 carpus not dilated, and pereopod 2 basis with plumose seta. The new species B. (B.) hwanghaensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Bodotria species by the combination of carapace almost ovoid in dorsal view, carapace lower edge of mid-lateral depression forming a faint ridge, pereopod 1 carpus not dilated, and pereopod 2 basis without plumose seta. The new species B. (B.) pseudomaculosa sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Bodotria species by the combination of carapace surface covered with coarse squamosa-reticulate patterning formed by large, shallow pits, carapace lower edge of mid-lateral depression forming an angular ridge, pereopod 1 carpus little dilated, and pereopod 2 basis with plumose seta. We described with full illustrations, including mouthparts for the three new species. Also, a key to the Korean Bodotria species is provided.

Bodotria paraspinifera sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea: Bodotriidae), a new Korean cumacean.

This study on Korean cumaceans is based on the specimens collected from Geomun Island in Korea. The one species of the Genus Bodotria (Bodotriidae) is identified as new species, Bodotria paraspinifera sp. nov., which is similar to B. spinifera Gamô, 1986 in having the spinulose on body, dorso-lateral carina of carapace well-developed, carapace almost rectangular in dorsal view, carpus of pereopod 1 dilated, pereopod 2 without ischium, and uropod endopod uniarticulate. However, shape of carapace anterior portion, spinulose distribution pattern, and setae patterns and segment ratios of appendages are characteristics which serve to distinguish the new species from B. spinifera. Herein we described with full illustration containing information of the mouthparts for the new species. Also, a key to the Korean Bodotria species is provided.

Eocuma orbiculatum sp. nov. (Crustacea, Cumacea, Bodotriidae) from Korean waters.

A new species of Cumacea belonging to the genus Eocuma Marcusen was collected from the South Sea of Korea. This new species resembles E. amakusense Gamô, E. hilgendorfi Marcusen, and E. latum Calman in having a pair of well-developed dorso-lateral carinae on the flat carapace and similar setae pattern on the telson. The new species, however, is easily distinguished from its congeners by the pattern of dorso-lateral carina and lacking lateral horns on the carapace. The adult male of this new species is fully described. A key to the Korean Eocuma species is also provided.

Antifibrotic Effects of Sakuraso-Saponin in Primary Cultured Pterygium Fibroblasts in Comparison With Mitomycin C.

Purpose: To investigate the antifibrotic effects of sakuraso-saponin on a primary culture of human pterygium fibroblasts (HPFs) and normal human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) as compared to the effects of mitomycin C (MMC). Methods: Samples of HPFs and HTFs were acquired during primary pterygium surgery. Cell toxicity, cell migration, and expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) were evaluated in HPFs and HTFs after treatment with sakuraso-saponin and MMC. To determine the possible mechanisms underlying the antifibrotic effects of sakuraso-saponin, the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 was evaluated after treatment with sakuraso-saponin and MMC. Results: MMC (≥200 µg/mL) significantly reduced cell viability in both HPFs and HTFs, whereas sakuraso-saponin (1.0 µg/mL) decreased cell viability in HPFs only. Both sakuraso-saponin (1.0 µg/mL) and MMC (200 µg/mL) treatment significantly reduced the expression of α-SMA and TGF-ß in HPFs (P < 0.05). It is interesting that the expression of α-SMA and TGF-ß after treatment with sakuraso-saponin was significantly lower than that after treatment with MMC (P < 0.05). The expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 protein was decreased by sakuraso-saponin and MMC in HPFs. Both sakuraso-saponin and MMC inhibited TGF-ß1-induced cell migration as compared to the control in HPFs. Conclusions: Sakuraso-saponin could be more effective than MMC for the reduction of fibrosis in HPFs. Our results might present the basis for its use as a promising candidate drug for adjuvant therapy to prevent recurrent pterygium after surgery.

Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in a Case of Hurler-Scheie Syndrome Undergoing Enzyme Replacement Therapy.

PURPOSE: To report successful management of corneal clouding associated with Hurler-Scheie syndrome with deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) undergoing concurrent enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). METHODS: A 13-year-old boy with Hurler-Scheie syndrome (MPS I-HS) presented with corneal clouding in both eyes. He was on ERT with laronidase (Aldurazyme; Genzyme, Cambridge, MA) and had a visual acuity of 20/32 in both eyes. Seven years later, visual acuity in his left eye decreased to counting fingers and DALK was performed for vision recovery. Two years later, visual acuity in his right eye decreased to 20/100 and DALK was performed. RESULTS: At his last visit, which was 3 years after right eye DALK and 5 years after left eye DALK, the grafts were clear and the corrected visual acuity in his right and left eyes was 20/30 and 20/25, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present case highlights the possible effectiveness of DALK in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS)-related corneal stromal opacification, treated with ERT.

Bodotria jejuensis sp. nov. (Crustacea, Cumacea, Bodotriidae), a new Korean cumacean.

A new species of Cumacea belonging to the genus Bodotria Goodsir, 1843 was collected from the Jeju-do Island, Korea. The new speices, Bodotria jejuensis sp. nov. is similar to B. similis Calman, 1907, B. rugosa Gamô, 1963, B. carinata Gamô, 1964, and B. biplicata Gamô, 1964 in having a pitted carapace, prominent dorso-lateral carina, and unarticulated endopod of uropod. However, longish elliptical shape of carapace, well-developed dorso-lateral carina and distinct lateral ridge are the major characteristics which serve to distinguish the new species from its congeners. The new species is fully illustrated and extensively compared with related species. A key to the Korean Bodotria species is also provided.

Short-term effect of standard automated perimetry testing on intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Purpose. To evaluate the short-term effect of standard automated perimetry (SAP) testing on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Methods. We tested 45 patients (71 eyes) with OAG that had stable IOP under medical treatment. IOP was measured four times using an iCare rebound tonometer (RBT) immediately before, immediately after, 10 minutes after, and 20 minutes after SAP testing. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationships among SAP test duration, mean deviation of the SAP result, type of glaucoma medications, patient age, and significant IOP change (exceeding 2 mmHg) from baseline IOP. Results. The mean baseline IOP was 13.29 ± 3.06 mmHg. Although IOP changes immediately and 20 minutes after SAP testing were not statistically significant, the IOP change 10 minutes after SAP testing (-0.57 ± 1.84 mmHg) was statistically significant. However, the changes were within the margin of error of the RBT. Test duration, mean deviation, patient age, and type of glaucoma medications did not have a significant influence on IOP change (all P > 0.14). Conclusions. IOP measured by RBT did not vary significantly after SAP testing in patients with OAG. It may be not necessary to reject IOP measured after SAP testing in patients with OAG.

Changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer distribution by axial length.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of axial length on the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) distribution and the risk of misdiagnosing normal subjects when using the instrument's built-in normative database. METHODS: Healthy young volunteers underwent ophthalmologic examinations including RNFL thickness analysis with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), autorefraction, and axial length measurement. The average RNFL thickness values reported along the calculation circle for whole circle, quadrants, and clock hours were recorded and evaluated at the 5% probability level for significant disparities in comparison with the built-in RNFL database. Angular locations with maximal RNFL thickness in the superotemporal and inferotemporal RNFL humps were determined. The relationships of axial length with these variables were analyzed using both linear regression and logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 485 eyes of 485 subjects were analyzed. The average 360° RNFL thickness became thinner as the axial length increased (r = -0.244, p < 0.001). As the axial length increased, the average RNFL thicknesses in the 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 12-o'clock hour sectors decreased whereas those of the 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11-o'clock hour sectors increased. In addition, as the axial length increased, two major RNFL humps were located more temporally and it became significantly more likely for the 1, 2, 5, 6, and 12-o'clock hour sectors to fall below the p < 0.05 significance limits for normal thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Peripapillary RNFL thickness changes differently in different peripapillary locations as axial length increases. Because long eyes may lead to misleading findings of OCT parameters depending on the peripapillary location, their relationship to the axial length should be considered in the built-in RNFL thickness normative database of OCT.

Ophthalmic artery obstruction and cerebral infarction following periocular injection of autologous fat.

We report a case of ophthalmic artery obstruction combined with brain infarction following periocular autologous fat injection. The patient, a 44-year-old woman, visited our hospital for decreased visual acuity in her left eye and dysarthria one hour after receiving an autologous fat injection in the periocular area. Her best corrected visual acuity for the concerned eye was no light perception. Also, a relative afferent pupillary defect was detected in this eye. The left fundus exhibited widespread retinal whitening with visible emboli in several retinal arterioles. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a hyperintense lesion at the left insular cortex. Therefore, we diagnosed ophthalmic artery obstruction and left middle cerebral artery infarction due to fat emboli. The patient was managed with immediate ocular massage, carbon dioxide, and oxygen therapy. Following treatment, dysarthria improved considerably but there was no improvement in visual acuity.