Unequivocal Identification of Spin-Triplet and Spin-Singlet Superconductors with Upper Critical Field and Flux Quantization.

Spin-triplet superconductors play central roles in Majorana physics and quantum computing but are difficult to identify. We show the methods of kink-point upper critical field and flux quantization in superconducting rings can unequivocally identify spin-singlet, spin-triplet in centrosymmetric superconductors, and singlet-triplet admixture in noncentrosymmetric superconductors, as realized in γ-BiPd, ß-Bi_{2}Pd, and α-BiPd, respectively. Our findings are essential for identifying triplet superconductors and exploring their quantum properties.

Gadoxetic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases: pearls and pitfalls.

Gadoxetic disodium (Primovist) is a hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent with increasing popularity with its unique dual dynamic and excretory properties in focal liver lesion detection and characterisation. In-depth knowledge of its diagnostic utility and pitfalls in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases is crucial in facilitating clinical management. The current article reviews the pearls and pitfalls in these aspects with highlights from the latest research evidence. Pearls for common usage of Primovist in HCC includes detection of precursor cancer lesions in cirrhotic patients. Hepatobiliary phase hypointensity precedes arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE) in hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatobiliary phase hypointense nodules without APHE can represent early or progressed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and high-grade dysplastic nodules. In addition, Primovist is useful to differentiate HCC from pseudolesions. Pitfalls in diagnosing HCC include transient tachypnoea in the arterial phase, rare hepatobiliary phase hyperintense HCC, and decompensated liver cirrhosis compromising image quality. Primovist is currently the most sensitive technique in diagnosing liver metastases before curative hepatic resection. Other patterns of enhancement of liver metastases, "disappearing" liver metastases are important pitfalls. Radiologists should be aware of the diagnostic utility, limitations, and potential pitfalls for the common usage of hepatobiliary specific contrast agent in liver MRI.

Hyperfractionated Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone Alone or in Combination with Daratumumab and/or Carfilzomib for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (HyperCd) alone, or with carfilzomib(K) and/or daratumumab(D), represents a potential treatment option when rapid disease control is needed for patients with aggressive presentations of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a single-center, retrospective analysis of adult patients with RRMM who received HyperCd with or without K and/or D between May 1, 2016 and August 1, 2019 at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. We here report treatment response and safety outcomes. RESULTS: Data from 97 patients, 12 with plasma cell leukemia (PCL), were reviewed in this analysis. Patients had had a median of 5 prior lines of therapy and received a median of 1 consecutive cycle of hyperCd-based therapy. The overall response rate (ORR) of all patients was 71.8% (HyperCd 75%, HyperCdK 64.3%, D-HyperCd 73.3%, and D-HyperCdK 76.9%). Median progression-free survival and overall survival among all patients was 4.3 months (HyperCd 3.1 months, HyperCdK 4.5 months, D-HyperCd 3.3 months, and D-HyperCdK 6 months) and 9.0 months (HyperCd 7.4 months, HyperCdK 9.0 months, D-HyperCd 7.5 months, and D-HyperCdK 15.2 months), respectively. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities were common, thrombocytopenia being the most frequent at 76%. Notably, 29-41% of patients per treatment group had existing grade 3/4 cytopenias at initiation of hyperCd-based therapy. CONCLUSION: HyperCd-based regimens provided rapid disease control among MM patients, even when heavily pre-treated and with few remaining treatment options. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities were frequent, but manageable with aggressive supportive care.

Deep-learning model associating lateral cervical radiographic features with Cormack-Lehane grade 3 or 4 glottic view.

Unanticipated difficult laryngoscopy is associated with serious airway-related complications. We aimed to develop and test a convolutional neural network-based deep-learning model that uses lateral cervical spine radiographs to predict Cormack-Lehane grade 3 or 4 direct laryngoscopy views of the glottis. We analysed the radiographs of 5939 thyroid surgery patients at our hospital, 253 (4%) of whom had grade 3 or 4 glottic views. We used 10 randomly sampled datasets to train a model. We compared the new model with six similar models (VGG, ResNet, Xception, ResNext, DenseNet and SENet). The Brier score (95%CI) of the new model, 0.023 (0.021-0.025), was lower ('better') than the other models: VGG, 0.034 (0.034-0.035); ResNet, 0.033 (0.033-0.035); Xception, 0.032 (0.031-0.033); ResNext, 0.033 (0.032-0.033); DenseNet, 0.030 (0.029-0.032); SENet, 0.031 (0.029-0.032), all p < 0.001. We calculated mean (95%CI) of the new model for: R2 , 0.428 (0.388-0.468); mean squared error, 0.023 (0.021-0.025); mean absolute error, 0.048 (0.046-0.049); balanced accuracy, 0.713 (0.684-0.742); and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.965 (0.962-0.969). Radiographic features around the hyoid bone, pharynx and cervical spine were associated with grade 3 and 4 glottic views.

Effects of hot water spray and sub-zero saline chilling on bacterial decontamination of broiler carcasses.

Reduction of Salmonella on poultry carcasses is one way to prevent salmonellosis. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of subzero saline chilling (SSC) with/without hot water spray (HWS) on broiler carcasses prior to chilling for bacterial reduction. Eviscerated broiler carcasses were subjected to water immersion chilling (WIC, 0% NaCl/0.5°C) or SSC (4% NaCl/-2.41°C) with/without prior HWS at 71°C for 1 min. Broiler carcasses in SSC were chilled faster than those in WIC, regardless of HWS. The combination of HWS and SSC resulted in the best reduction of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms on the carcasses over the WIC, SSC, and HWS/WIC. No Salmonella was detected on the carcasses in SSC and HWS/SSC while Salmonella positive was observed on the carcasses chilled in WIC and HWS/WIC. A trace of Gram-negative genus was detected on carcasses in HWS/SSC while many other microbiomes were observed on those in WIC, SSC, and HWS/WIC when quantitative microbiota profiles of 16S rRNA gene sequences were evaluated. Based on these results, chilling of broiler carcasses in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C after HWS at 71°C for 1 min significantly reduced carcass chilling time and bacterial contamination over the control chilling.

A randomised controlled trial of 7.5-mm and 7.0-mm tracheal tubes vs. 6.5-mm and 6.0-mm tracheal tubes for men and women during laparoscopic surgery.

Sore throat after tracheal intubation impairs postoperative recovery. We randomly allocated 172 ASA physical status 1-2 participants, scheduled for laparoscopic lower abdominal surgery, to tracheal intubation with larger tubes (n = 88) or smaller tubes (n = 84), with internal diameters 7.5-mm vs. 6.5-mm for men and 7.0-mm vs. 6.0-mm for women. Primary outcome was the rates of no, mild, moderate or severe sore throat 1 h after surgery, which were 60, 10, 17 and 1 with larger tracheal tubes and 79, 5, 0 and 0 with smaller tubes, p < 0.001. The equivalent rates 24 h after surgery were 64, 16, 8 and 0 vs. 74, 6, 3 and 1, p = 0.037. Intra-operative ventilatory variables were unaffected by tube diameter, including peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure. In summary, smaller tracheal tubes benefitted patients having laparoscopic operations.

Supraclavicular versus infraclavicular approach for ultrasound-guided right subclavian venous catheterisation: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.

Infraclavicular and supraclavicular approaches are used for subclavian venous catheterisation. We hypothesised that the supraclavicular approach is non-inferior to the infraclavicular approach in terms of safety during ultrasound-guided right subclavian venous catheterisation. We randomly allocated 401 neurosurgical patients undergoing ultrasound-guided right subclavian venous catheterisation into supraclavicular (n = 200) and infraclavicular (n = 201) groups. We assessed catheterisation-related complications (primary outcome measure) including catheter misplacement and mechanical complications (arterial puncture, haematoma formation, pneumothorax and haemothorax). We also recorded catheterisation success rates and time required for venous puncture and catheterisation. The number (proportion) of patients with catheterisation-related complications was six (3.0%) in the supraclavicular group and 27 (13.4%) in the infraclavicular group, mean difference (95%CI) -10.4% (-15.7 to -5.1%), p < 0.001, with a significant difference also seen for catheter misplacement. Except for a shorter time (median (IQR [range]) required for venous puncture in the supraclavicular group, being 9 (6-20 [2-138]) vs. 13 (8-20 [3-99]) s, the incidence of mechanical complications and other catheterisation characteristics were similar between the two groups. We recommend the supraclavicular approach for ultrasound-guided right subclavian venous catheterisation.

Research Note: Subzero saline chilling improved chilling efficiency and bacterial reduction of turkey carcasses.

The poultry industry has attempted to improve carcass chilling efficiency, meat quality, and product safety. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of subzero saline chilling on carcass chilling time and microbial safety. Eviscerated tom turkeys were randomly picked from a local turkey processing plant and subjected to chilling in one of the 3 chilling solutions: 1) 0% NaCl/0.5°C (ice slurry control), 2) 4% NaCl/-2.41°C, and 3) 8% NaCl/-5.08°C. The turkey carcasses in subzero saline solutions were chilled more efficiently and reduced the chilling time over the carcasses in ice slurry solution. No significant difference was observed for carcass chilling yield and fillet cooking yield regardless of chilling method (P > 0.05). The number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and total coliform cells were significantly reduced in the carcasses chilled in subzero saline solutions over the icy control, except MAB in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C (P < 0.05). Based on these results, the chilling of turkey carcass in subzero saline solution appears to improve carcass chilling efficiency and bacterial reduction, especially Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli and total coliforms.

'Occupational dermatoses from Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the tropics - A Review'.

The COVID-19 pandemic has enveloped the world and there has been a high incidence of occupational dermatoses related to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) during this period. Prevention and management of these conditions will not only improve staff morale and quality of life, but will also minimize the risk of breaching PPE protocol due to such symptoms. The tropical climate in Singapore predisposes HCWs to more skin damage and pruritus due to intense heat, high humidity and sun exposure. The effects of friction, occlusion, hyperhidrosis and overheating on the skin in the tropics should not be neglected. Preventive measures can be taken based on our recommendations, and the working environment can be made more conducive for frontline HCWs. We review the literature and discuss various preventive and management strategies for these occupational skin diseases for our frontline HCWs, especially those working in less controlled working environments beyond the hospital in Singapore. Shorter shifts and frequent breaks from PPE are recommended. Duration of continuous PPE-usage should not exceed 6 h, with breaks in non-contaminated areas every 2-3 h to hydrate and mitigate the risk of skin reactions. Other strategies, such as teledermatology, should be considered so that consultations can remain accessible, while ensuring the safety and well-being of our clinical staff.

Effects of subzero saline chilling on broiler chilling efficiency, meat quality, and microbial safety.

The poultry industry has attempted to improve carcass chilling efficiency, meat quality, and product safety. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of subzero saline chilling on carcass chilling, breast fillet tenderness, and microbial safety. After evisceration, broiler carcasses were chilled using ice slurry control (0% NaCl/0.5°C) or subzero saline solutions (3% NaCl/-1.8°C and 4% NaCl/-2.41°C). Broiler carcasses in the subzero saline solutions were chilled efficiently and reduced the chilling time by 11% in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C and 37% in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C over the ice slurry chilling. The breast fillets of broiler carcasses in 4% NaCl/-2.41°C were significantly tenderized than those in water control (P < 0.05), with an intermediate value observed in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C. Before chilling, broiler carcasses possessed mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and total coliforms for 3.81, 0.78, and 1.86 log cfu/g, respectively, which were significantly reduced after chilling in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C or 4% NaCl/-2.41°C solution over the water control (P < 0.05), except the mesophilic aerobic bacteria. Based on these results, chilling of boiler carcass in 4% NaCl/-1.8°C solution appears to improve carcass chilling efficiency, meat tenderness, and bacterial reduction for E. coli and total coliforms.

Robotic-assisted latissimus dorsi muscle flap for autologous chest reconstruction in poland syndrome.

BACKGROUND: As chest reconstructions in Poland syndrome are performed for patients at young ages, patients are generally concerned about conspicuous scars. Meanwhile, a robotic-assisted latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle harvest with inconspicuous scars has been performed for autologous breast reconstruction. As our experience with robotic-assisted LD flap harvest has increased over the years, we have made improvements in surgical techniques to optimize results. The purpose of this study was to introduce and identify the role of the refined robotic-assisted LD muscle flap harvest technique in autologous chest reconstruction in patients with Poland syndrome. METHODS: Autologous chest reconstruction using a robotic-assisted LD muscle flap harvest was performed for 21 patients with Poland syndrome. Subjective assessments were performed to evaluate improvement in chest deformity, patient satisfaction with overall outcomes, chest symmetry, and scars. Assessments by the operator and two independent evaluating investigators were carried out with patients' photographs. The complication rates and the time for robotic surgery were also evaluated. RESULTS: At the last visit, the average patient grades for improvement in chest deformity, satisfaction with overall outcomes, chest symmetry, and scars were 4.80, 4.72, 4.18, and 4.87, respectively. Assessments by the operator and two independent evaluating investigators demonstrated that improvement in chest deformity was achieved in all patients. No serious complications such as flap loss were recorded for any patient. The time for robotic surgery markedly decreased as experience accumulated. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical refinements for robotic-assisted LD flap harvest might be effective and reduce operative times for patients with Poland syndrome.

Viscosity Prediction of Lubricants by a General Feed-Forward Neural Network.

Modern industrial lubricants are often blended with an assortment of chemical additives to improve the performance of the base stock. Machine learning-based predictive models allow fast and veracious derivation of material properties and facilitate novel and innovative material designs. In this study, we outline the design and training process of a general feed-forward artificial neural network that accurately predicts the dynamic viscosity of oil-based lubricant formulations. The network hyperparameters are systematically optimized by Bayesian optimization, and strongly correlated/collinear features are trimmed from the model. By harnessing domain knowledge in the selection of features, the quantitative structure-property relationship model is built with a relatively simple feature set and is versatile in predicting the dynamic viscosity of lubricant oils with and without enhancement by viscosity modifiers (VMs). Moreover, partial dependency, local-interpretable model-agnostic explanations, and Shapley values consistently show that the eccentricity index, Crippen MR, and Petitjean number are important predictors of viscosity. All in all, the neural model is reasonably accurate in predicting the dynamic viscosity of lubricant solvents and VM-enhanced lubricants with an R2 of 0.980 and 0.963, respectively.

n-3 PUFA and caloric restriction diet alters lipidomic profiles in obese men with metabolic syndrome: a preliminary open study.

PURPOSE: For people with metabolic syndrome (MetS), altering the macronutrient composition of their diets might ameliorate metabolic abnormalities. The common method of clinical assessment only measures total lipid concentrations but ignores the individual species that contribute to these total concentrations. Thus, to predict the amelioration of MetS following caloric restriction (CR) and the intake of fish oil, we used lipidomics to investigate changes in plasma lipids and identify potential lipid metabolites. METHODS: Lipidomics was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on plasma samples from a clinical trial conducted over 12 weeks. Subjects were randomized into two groups: CR (n = 12) and CR with fish oil (CRF, n = 9). Anthropometric and clinical parameters were measured and correlated with plasma lipidomics data. RESULTS: Compared with baseline, significant differences were observed in body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and interleukin-6 in both groups, but triglyceride (TG) levels significantly decreased in only the CRF group (all p < 0.05). A total of 138 lipid species were identified. Levels of species containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly elevated-greater than twofold-following fish oil intake, these included TG (60:9) and phosphatidylcholine (p40:6) (all q < 0.05). TG (60:9) tended to correlate negatively with body weight, body mass index, blood pressure, and HbA1c following fish oil intake. CONCLUSION: CR and fish oil can ameliorate MetS features, including anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and blood lipid concentrations. The levels of particular lipid species such as TG-containing docosapentaenoic acid were elevated post-intervention and negatively associated with MetS features. TG (60:9) may be proposed as a lipid metabolite to predict amelioration in MetS following the intake of CR and fish oil.

Chicken PRDX3 is required for proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblast cells.

1. This experiment investigated the influence of chicken PRDX3 on cell proliferation in chick embryo fibroblast cells using PRDX3 knockdown technology.2. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to assess the effect of chPRDX3 knockdown on fibroblast proliferation. The antioxidant effect was investigated to determine if it directly mediated fibroblast cell proliferation.3. To determine the role of chPRDX3 on cell proliferation, an siRNA mediated knockdown was performed in chick fibroblast cells using an in vitro assay. The proliferation of fibroblast cells transfected with siPRDX3 #3 and siPRDX3 Mix was significantly decreased after 48 h (P < 0.01). In addition, the knockdown of chicken PRDX3 suppressed cell proliferation through an increase in oxidative stress.4. The results demonstrated that chPRDX3 is required for cell proliferation in chicken fibroblast cells. Such findings have important implications for the maintenance of chicken fibroblast cells.

Vaccinia-based oncolytic immunotherapy Pexastimogene Devacirepvec in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib failure: a randomized multicenter Phase IIb trial (TRAVERSE).

Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa-Vec) is a vaccinia virus-based oncolytic immunotherapy designed to preferentially replicate in and destroy tumor cells while stimulating anti-tumor immunity by expressing GM-CSF. An earlier randomized Phase IIa trial in predominantly sorafenib-naïve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit. This randomized, open-label Phase IIb trial investigated whether Pexa-Vec plus Best Supportive Care (BSC) improved OS over BSC alone in HCC patients who failed sorafenib therapy (TRAVERSE). 129 patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to Pexa-Vec plus BSC vs. BSC alone. Pexa-Vec was given as a single intravenous (IV) infusion followed by up to 5 IT injections. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (RR), time to progression (TTP) and safety. A high drop-out rate in the control arm (63%) confounded assessment of response-based endpoints. Median OS (ITT) for Pexa-Vec plus BSC vs. BSC alone was 4.2 and 4.4 months, respectively (HR, 1.19, 95% CI: 0.78-1.80; p = .428). There was no difference between the two treatment arms in RR or TTP. Pexa-Vec was generally well-tolerated. The most frequent Grade 3 included pyrexia (8%) and hypotension (8%). Induction of immune responses to vaccinia antigens and HCC associated antigens were observed. Despite a tolerable safety profile and induction of T cell responses, Pexa-Vec did not improve OS as second-line therapy after sorafenib failure. The true potential of oncolytic viruses may lie in the treatment of patients with earlier disease stages which should be addressed in future studies. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01387555.

Improvement of chilling efficiency and meat tenderness of broiler carcasses using subzero saline solutions.

Carcass chilling in subzero saline solutions has the potential to improve chilling efficiency and meat quality. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of subzero saline chilling on broiler carcass for chilling efficiency and breast tenderness. Broiler carcasses were chilled using 2 high saline solutions (4% NaCl/-2.41°C and 8% NaCl/-5.08°C) without (Experiment I) and with (Experiment II) a pre-chilling step, and 3 low saline solutions (1% NaCl/-0.6°C, 2% NaCl/-1.2°C, and 3% NaCl/-1.8°C) in Experiment III. Ice water slurry (0% NaCl/0.5°C) was used as a control. In Experiments I and II, the breast fillets of broilers in subzero saline solutions showed significantly lower shear forces than those in water control, regardless of salt content and temperature level (P < 0.05). In Experiment III, 3% NaCl/-1.8°C solution reduced the broiler chilling time by 22% over the water control, with an intermediated reduction (13 to 17%) observed for 1% NaCl/-0.6°C and 2% NaCl/-1.2°C solutions. Shear force was stepwise reduced as the salt concentration increased from 0 to 3% and the solution temperature decreased from 0.5 to -1.8°C. No significant difference was observed for carcass chilling yield, breast pH/R-value, and breast cooking yield/salt content, regardless of chilling method. Based on these results, chilling of boiler carcass in 3% NaCl/-1.8°C or higher NaCl and lower temperature solutions appears to improve carcass chilling efficiency and meat tenderness over the traditional water immersion chilling.

Comparison of raw meat quality and protein-gel properties of turkey breast fillets processed by traditional or cold-batter mincing technology.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cold batter mincing on meat quality and protein functionality, using turkey fillets that were chill-boned (CB) or hot-boned (HB) with crust-freeze-air-chilling (HB-»CFAC) at -12°C. For each of four replications, 48 toms (male) were raised and processed at Michigan State University Poultry Farm and Meat Laboratory, respectively. After evisceration, the turkeys were subjected to one of the four treatments: (1) traditional mincing of CB fillets after water immersion chilling (WIC); (2) cold batter mincing of WIC, CB, quarter-sectioned (»), and CB-»CFAC; (3) traditional mincing of HB-»CFAC fillets; and (4) cold batter mincing of HB-»CFAC fillets. Before mincing, the pH and R-values of turkey fillets in HB-»CFAC were higher and lower, respectively, than those in CB fillets. During cold-batter mixing, the initial batter temperatures at -1.5 to -2.1°C reached 1.5°C and 14°C at 6 and 12 min, respectively, and ended at 26 to 31°C at 24 min. During traditional mincing, the initial batter temperatures at 3 to 4°C increased by ∼10°C every 6 min, and ended at 32 to 35°C with higher batter temperatures seen for the 2% salt than the 1% salt batter. Dynamic rheological properties indicated that the cold-batter mincing showed elevated G' compared to the batters of traditional mincing, regardless of mixing time, indicating that the gel-setting temperature was reduced in the cold-batter mincing, potentially due to the different amounts of extracted protein and structural change. After cooking, improved cooking yield and protein functionality were observed in the batter of HB-»CFAC fillets than the batter of CB fillets as well as in the batter of 2% salt than the batter 1% salt (P < 0.05). These results indicated that HB-»CFAC fillets produced superior raw meat quality over the CB fillets, and cold batter mincing of HB-»CFAC fillets significantly improved protein functionality compared with the traditional mincing of CB fillets (P < 0.05).

Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in deli-style Turkey using hop acids, organic acids, and their combinations.

This study was conducted to evaluate antilisterial activity in deli-style turkey using one of the inhibitors: hop α- or ß-acids at 5 ppm, potassium acetate/potassium diacetate (PAPD) at 0.5%, their combinations, potassium lactate/sodium diacetate (PLSD) at 2.5% for positive control, and ethanol at 5 ppm for negative control. Deli-style turkey was formulated and manufactured traditionally. To simulate Listeria contamination in processing plants, the deli turkey was sliced in <24 h of production, inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (2 to 3 log CFU/g), and vacuum-stored at 4 or 7°C for 60 d. To simulate Listeria contamination in grocery stores, the deli turkey was vacuum-stored for 30 and 60 d prior to slicing, inoculation, and aerobic storage at 4 or 7°C for 10 d. Physicochemical properties of the deli turkey were not significantly different among treatments (P > 0.05). Addition of hop acids at 5 ppm did not inhibit Listeria in deli meat during 60 d of vacuum-storage at 4 or 7°C, whereas organic acids and hop acids/PAPD significantly inhibited Listeria (P < 0.05), with the best inhibition observed for hop ß-acids/PAPD at 7°C/60 d. During 10 d of aerobic storage at 4°C, hop acid/PAPD, PLSD, or PAPD showed listeristatic effects, whereas hop acids alone allowed Listeria to grow by 0.9 CFU/g. During 10 d of aerobic storage at 7°C, hop acid/PAPD, PLSD, and PAPD significantly reduced Listeria populations than hop α-acids, ß-acids, and no-inhibitor control (P < 0.05). These results indicated the combination of hop ß-acids/PAPD provides more effective inhibition than any single addition of hop acids and PLSD (P < 0.05) at 7°C/60 d in vacuum storage, with intermediate inhibition observed for PAPD and α-acids/PAPD.