YouTube as a possible learning platform for patients and their family caregivers for gastrostomy tube feeding: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Many patients and family caregivers have informational needs, especially regarding gastrostomy care and home gastrostomy tube feeding. YouTube is a potential accessible option for educational resources concerning these topics. METHODS: This study aimed to explore the educational quality and content of informational YouTube videos. We used "gastrostomy," "G-tube," "enteral feeding," and "enteral nutrition," as search keywords on YouTube on October 3, 2021. A total of 229 videos were evaluated using the global quality scale (GQS) and modified DISCERN scoring system. Variables extracted from the videos included general features, video parameters, and content themes. RESULTS: The GQS and modified DISCERN scores were 3.31 ± 0.90 and 2.63 ± 1.23, respectively. There were educational quality and differences among videos uploaded by various agencies. Frequent video content themes included "cleaning and dressing a gastrostomy tube," "bolus method," and "replacing a balloon-type of gastrostomy tube." CONCLUSION: Results showed that YouTube can be a supplemental educational resource for people requiring gastrostomy care and for their caregivers. However, given the open-access nature of YouTube, healthcare professionals' guidance is needed for video selection. Healthcare professionals should know and use specific, reliable resources to effectively guide and educate patients with gastrostomy and their caregivers, enhancing their self-management skills and knowledge.

Exploring the potential use of the metaverse in nurse education through a mock trial.

BACKGROUND: The metaverse has been attracting attention as a space for the application of education, where integrating the real and virtual worlds offers immersive 3D experiences. Consequently, its potential for higher education, including nursing, is being explored as a dynamic alternative to traditional education. OBJECTIVES: This study explores the applicability of metaverse in nurse education. It was conducted to implement a mock court on the metaverse platform and explore the learning experiences of nursing students through mock trials. DESIGN: Qualitative study. SETTINGS: A virtual mock court in VRChat (a virtual reality space). PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen participants were divided into three groups. METHODS: An orientation was conducted to explain the virtual space before the mock trial. On the day of the mock trial, a health survey of study participants was conducted in advance. After the mock trial, questionnaires and reflective diaries were written. RESULTS: The experiences of nursing students were organized into eleven sub-themes and three themes: "core features of the metaverse platform," "participation in a mock trial in the VRChat virtual space," and "metaverse-based learning using a mock trial." CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students participated and immersed themselves in learning while accepting the characteristics of the metaverse platform, which differs from face-to-face classes or existing educational methods. The metaverse enables reflective learning based on experiential learning and strengthens awareness of diverse viewpoints.

The effects of changes in daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Korea.

This study aims to identify the effects of daily life changes due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults. This cross-sectional and secondary data analysis study collected and analysed the data of 72 335 older adults aged older than 65 who participated in the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey. Changes in daily life due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were measured by changes in physical activity, sleep duration, consumption of instant foods or soda drinks, alcohol consumption, smoking, and social contact compared to before the pandemic as perceived by the participants. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depressive symptoms, and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the two. After adjusting for socio-demographic and health-related factors, changes in daily life due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic that affected depressive symptoms in older adults living in the community were observed. This study confirmed that changes in daily life due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic negatively affected the mental health of older adults. Thus, there is a need to improve social support and care systems, by including non-face-to-face programmes using remote communication technology. It will allow older adults to maintain their daily lives and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exploring psychosocial factors that influence smartphone dependency among Korean adolescents.

This study investigated the relationships among psychosocial factors that contribute to smartphone dependency among South Korean adolescents. This cross-sectional study involved the secondary data analysis of the 2016 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, a nationwide multistage cluster survey. Data were collected from 1,840 7th grade students in South Korea and analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and a path analysis using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 23.0. The path analysis showed that self-esteem and aggressiveness directly influenced smartphone dependency, while affective parenting attitude, peer attachment, resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms indirectly influenced it. The explanatory variables accounted for 18.3% of the total variance. In conclusion, parents' education on positive parenting and guidance concerning adolescents' smartphone use is necessary to reduce adolescents' smartphone dependency. It may also prove effective to promote adolescents' interpersonal skills and self-esteem to foster positive peer relationships and self-control concerning smartphone use.

The role of academic-practice partnerships from perspectives of nursing students: A cross -sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Collaborations between nursing schools and teaching hospitals are important for achieving the goals of clinical nursing education. While previous work showed that nursing students benefit from academic-practice partnerships, it is unclear how these collaborations help nursing students. OBJECTIVE: To identify the role of academic-practice partnerships from the perspective of nursing students. Two hypothetical models based on system theory were proposed that utilized input-transformation-output processes. The input, transformation, and outputs were the "academic-practice partnership", "interaction between nurses and nursing students", and "professional self-concept and organizational socialization of nursing students", respectively. DESIGN: This study used a cross-sectional research design. SETTING: This study was conducted at a nursing school in Korea. PARTICIPANTS: The participants included 243 fourth-year nursing students who were about to graduate. METHODS: A questionnaire was used to collect data in August 2019. Path analysis was used to explore the models to determine the roles of academic-practice partnerships. RESULTS: Two hypothetical models indicated the role of academic-practice partnership. The academic-practice partnership positively affected the interaction between nurses and nursing students, which directly and indirectly benefitted professional self-concept and organizational socialization of nursing students. CONCLUSION: The higher perceived academic-practice partnership by nursing students, the better their interactions with nurses, professional self-concept, and organizational socialization. Therefore, nursing students should be aware of the academic-practice partnerships and nursing educators should effectively show these partnerships or collaborations to nursing students. Moreover, nursing educators should also encourage nursing students to interact with their preceptors in their practicums and, as nurses are important educators in academic-practice partnerships, they should be qualified as preceptors to teach nursing students.

Relationship between paternal psychological distress and involvement in childcare among fathers of preschool-aged children: mediating effect of maternal psychological distress.

BACKGROUND: The role of the father as a co-caregiver is becoming increasingly important across cultures. Parental psychological distress is an influencing factor of maladaptive parenting behaviors and negative psychosocial outcomes in children. Considerable research has focused on psychological distress in parents, commonly experienced during the childrearing years; however, the relationship between paternal psychological distress and fathers' involvement in childcare has been less studied. This study aimed to examine this relationship. METHODS: This study explored the relationship between parental psychological distress and fathers' involvement in childcare by analyzing data from 1541 children and their parents from the 2011 Panel Study on Korean Children. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler 6-Item Psychological Distress Scale. Fathers' involvement in childcare was measured in terms of the quality and quantity of involvement, using a Father's Childcare Involvement Scale completed by mothers and the daily hours spent by fathers in childcare. RESULTS: The mean scores for paternal and maternal psychological distress were 5.26 ± 4.20 and 5.79 ± 4.42, respectively; for the quality of fathers' involvement in childcare, 14.46 ± 2.63; and for the quantity of fathers' involvement, 2.53 ± 1.62. Paternal psychological distress was significantly correlated with maternal psychological distress and fathers' involvement in childcare. Maternal psychological distress demonstrated a partial mediating effect on the relationship between paternal psychological distress and the quality of fathers' involvement in childcare for preschool-aged children (ß = -.085, p < .001); this effect was significant (Sobel test; Z = 3.13, p = .002). Further, maternal psychological distress demonstrated a complete mediating effect on the relationship between paternal psychological distress and the quantity of fathers' involvement in childcare (ß = -.065, p = .018); this effect too was significant (Sobel test; Z = 2.38, p = .018). CONCLUSIONS: Paternal psychological distress influenced the quality and quantity of fathers' involvement in childcare and was mediated by maternal psychological distress. To promote fathers' involvement in childcare, a family-centered approach for childcare should reflect the triadic interaction of father-mother-child. These findings have implications for primary health professionals, as well as policymakers who design community health programs for early childhood.

Humidifier Disinfectants Are a Cause of Lung Injury among Adults in South Korea: A Community-Based Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUNDS: An outbreak of lung injury among South Korean adults was examined in a hospital-based case-control study, and the suspected cause was exposure to humidifier disinfectant (HD). However, a case-control study with community-dwelling controls was needed to validate the previous study's findings, and to confirm the exposure-response relationship between HD and lung injury. METHODS: Each case of lung injury was matched with four community-dwelling controls, according to age (±3 years), sex, residence, and history of childbirth since 2006 (for women). Environmental risk factors, which included type and use of humidifier and HD, were investigated using a structured questionnaire during August 2011. The exposure to HD was calculated for both cases and controls, and the corresponding risks of lung injury were compared. RESULTS: Among 28 eligible cases, 16 patients agreed to participate, and 60 matched controls were considered eligible for this study. The cases were more likely to have been exposed to HD (odds ratio: 116.1, 95% confidence interval: 6.5-2,063.7). All cases were exposed to HDs containing polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate, and the risk of lung injury increased with the cumulative exposure, duration of exposure, and exposure per day. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a statistically significant exposure-response relationship between HD and lung injury. Therefore, continuous monitoring and stricter evaluation of environmental chemicals' safety should be conducted.

A cluster of lung injury cases associated with home humidifier use: an epidemiological investigation.

BACKGROUND: In April 2011 a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea reported several cases of severe respiratory distress of unknown origin in young adults. METHODS: To find the route of transmission, causative agent and patient risk factors of the outbreak, an investigation of the epidemic was initiated. Clinicopathological conferences led to the suspicion that the cases related to an inhalation injury. An age- and sex-matched case-control study was therefore performed to examine the inhalation exposure of the patients to various agents. RESULTS: Of the 28 confirmed cases, 18 agreed to participate. A total of 121 age- and sex-matched controls with pulmonary, allergic or obstetric disease were selected. All patients and controls completed questionnaires with questions about exposure to various inhalants. The crude ORs for patient exposure to indoor mould, humidifier use, humidifier detergent use and insecticide use were 4.4 (95% CI 1.5 to 13.1), 13.7 (95% CI 1.8 to 106.3), 47.3 (95% CI 6.1 to 369.7) and 3.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 11.7), respectively. However, when considered concurrently, indoor mould and insecticide use lost statistical significance. Moreover, humidifier use was ruled out as the cause because of a lack of biological plausibility and the weak strength of the association. This suggested that humidifier disinfectant was the cause of the outbreak. This information led the Korean government to order the removal of humidifier detergents from the market. In the years following the ban, no additional cases were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that the lung injury outbreak was caused by humidifier detergent use at home.

A cluster of lung injury associated with home humidifier use: clinical, radiological and pathological description of a new syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Over a few months in the spring of 2011, a cluster of patients with severe respiratory distress were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Household clustering was also observed. Extensive laboratory investigations failed to detect an infectious cause. METHODS: Clinical, radiological and pathological investigations were conducted and the Korean Center for Disease Control performed epidemiological studies. RESULTS: The case series consisted of 17 patients. Their median age was 35 (range 28-49) years. Six were pregnant at presentation and four had given birth 2 weeks previously. All presented with cough and dyspnoea. In the majority of patients (14/17), multifocal areas of patchy consolidation were identified in the lower lung zones on the initial CT. As the condition progressed, the patchy consolidation disappeared (10/13) and diffuse centrilobular ground-glass opacity nodules started to predominate and persist. Pathological specimens (11/17) showed a bronchiolocentric, temporally homogenous, acute lung injury pattern with sparing of the subpleural and peripheral alveolar areas. Ten patients required mechanical ventilation, eight of whom subsequently received extracorporeal life support. Four of the latter underwent lung transplantation. Five of the six patients in the ICU who did not receive lung transplantation died. An epidemiological investigation revealed that all patients had used humidifier disinfectants in their homes. CONCLUSIONS: This case series report showed that lung injury and respiratory failure can occur as a result of inhaling humidifier disinfectants. This emphasises the need for more stringent safety regulations for potentially toxic inhalants that might be encountered in the home.