Facile Synthesis of Oxygen-Doped g-C3N4 Mesoporous Nanosheets for Significant Enhancement of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance.

In this work, oxygen-doped g-C3N4 mesoporous nanosheets (O-CNS) were synthesized via a facile recrystallization method with the assistance of H2O2. The crystal phase, chemical composition, morphological structure, optical property, electronic structure and electrochemical property of the prepared O-CNS samples were well investigated. The morphological observation combined with the nitrogen adsorption-desorption results demonstrated that the prepared O-CNS samples possessed nanosheet-like morphology with a porous structure. Doping O into g-C3N4 resulted in the augmentation of the specific surface area, which could provide more active sites for photocatalytic reactions. Simultaneously, the visible light absorption capacity of O-CNS samples was boosted owing to the regulation of O doping. The built energy level induced by the O doping could accelerate the migration rate of photoinduced carriers, and the porous structure was most likely to speed up the release of hydrogen during the photocatalytic hydrogen process. Resultantly, the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the optimized oxygen-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets reached up to 2012.9 µmol·h-1·g-1, which was 13.4 times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4. Thus, the significantly improved photocatalytic behavior was imputed to the synergistic effect of the porous structure, the increase in active sites, and the enhancement of visible light absorption and charge separation efficiency. Our research highlights that the synergistic effect caused by element doping will make a great contribution to the remarkable improvement in photocatalytic activity, providing a new inspiration for the construction of novel catalysts.

A facile and scalable fabrication method of scrolled graphene/boron nitride-based van der Waals superlattice heterostructure materials for highly stable supercapacitor electrode application.

Due to the increasing demand for the development of efficient renewable energy supply systems to reduce the mismatch between energy demand and utilization, supercapacitors have attracted increasing attention in the energy industry. However, the development of energy storage electrode materials to be applied at the industrial level is still challenging due to the unsatisfactory durability and scalable production issues. This study suggested a facile and scalable one-pot fabrication method of using graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (G/BN)-based one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals superlattice heterostructures (vdWSLs) as highly stable electrode materials to enhance the energy storage performance by improving the mesopore volume content, specific surface area, electrical properties, and interfacial interaction between the stacked G/BN layers. The G/BN-based vdWSLs were fabricated by a simple scrolling process through the electromagnetic interaction between the attached magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) on the surface of a G/BN vdW heterostructure (vdWH) and the applied magnetic field. The investigation results demonstrate that the changed morphology of the fabricated G/Fe/BN(NS) strongly affects the fine pore distribution, electrochemical performance, and electrical properties. Consequently, as a synergistic effect of an increased mesopore volume content, specific surface area, and C-B-N heterojunction interfacial area, the fabricated G/Fe/BN(NS) electrode showed a 100% enhancement of specific capacitance (207 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1) and almost 7 times enhancement of electrical conductivity (800 S cm-1) with a nearly 2.3 times increase of carrier mobility (716 cm2 V-1 s-1) compared to that of the G/Fe/BN electrode. Furthermore, it exhibited outstanding long-term cycling stability with almost 119% capacitance retention even after 100 000 charge-discharge cycles. These results suggest that G/Fe/BN(NS) has tremendous potential as an electrode to fabricate high-performance supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability.

Realizing the Tailored Catalytic Performances on Atomic Pt-Promoted Transition Metal Moieties Implanted Layered Double Hydroxides for Water Electrolysis.

High-performance production of green hydrogen gas is necessary to develop renewable energy generation technology and to safeguard the living environment. This study reports a controllable engineering approach to tailor the structure of nickel-layered double hydroxides via doped and absorbed platinum single atoms (PtSA) promoted by low electronegative transition metal (Mn, Fe) moieties (PtSA-Mn,Fe-Ni LDHs). We explore that the electron donation from neighboring transition metal moieties results in the well-adjusted d-band center with the low valence states of PtSA(doped) and PtSA(ads.), thus optimizing adsorption energy to effectively accelerate the H2 release. Meanwhile, a tailored local chemical environment on transition metal centers with unique charge redistribution and high valence states functions as the main center for H2O catalytic dissociation into oxygen. Therefore, the PtSA-Mn,Fe-Ni LDH material possesses a small overpotential of 42 and 288 mV to reach 10 mA·cm-2 for hydrogen and oxygen evolution, respectively, superior to most reported LDH-based catalysts. Additionally, the mass activity of PtSA-Mn,Fe-Ni LDHs proves to be 15.45 times higher than that of commercial Pt-C. The anion exchange membrane electrolyzer stack of PtSA-Mn,Fe-Ni LDHs(+,-) delivers a cell voltage of 1.79 V at 0.5 A·cm-2 and excellent durability over 600 h. This study presents a promising electrocatalyst for a practical water splitting process.

Liquid collagen from freshwater fish skin ameliorates hydration, roughness and elasticity in photo-aged skin: a randomized, controlled, clinical study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Collagen is commonly used in diverse forms as a functional component in skincare products. On the other hand, the effects of collagen on human skin are controversial. Dietary collagen hydrolysates from freshwater Pangasius hypophthalmus fish skin ameliorated photo-aged skin of hairless mice. This study conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine if liquid fish collagen (Collagen-Tripep20™, Tripep20) as a drink strengthens skin health and quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this clinical trial, 85 subjects aged 35-60 yrs were diagnosed with photo-aged skin. Eighty-five subjects were randomized to receive either Tripep20 (n = 44) or placebo (n = 41). Seventy-eight subjects fully participating for a 12-week period consumed 1,000 mg of Tripep20 (n = 41) or placebo (n = 37) in a 50-mL bottle as a daily drink. The intend-to-treat and per-protocol populations were 85 and 78, respectively. Skin hydration, wrinkles, and elasticity were assessed at 0 (baseline), 6, and 12 weeks during the study period. RESULTS: Skin hydration in the Tripep20 group was significantly higher from 6 weeks (P < 0.001) than the baseline. After 12 weeks, the Crow's-feet visual score and skin roughness (Ra, Rq, and Rmax) were significantly improved in the Tripep20 group than in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Consuming liquid collagen Tripep20 greatly enhanced skin elasticity (Gross R2, Net R5, and Biological elasticity R7) in 6 weeks compared to the placebo group. The Tripep20 group showed a significant increase in skin elasticity from the baseline after 6 and 12 weeks (P < 0.001). Neither abnormal symptoms nor adverse events were encountered during the study period in subjects ingesting Tripep20 or placebo. The changes in parameters related to hematology and clinical chemistry were within the normal ranges. CONCLUSION: Oral consumption of liquid collagen Tripep20 was safe and well-tolerated. The results of this study show that freshwater fish-derived liquid collagen Tripep20 can be used as a healthy functional food ingredient to improve skin moisturizing, anti-wrinkling, and elasticity in an aging population.

A derivative of 3-(1,3-diarylallylidene)oxindoles inhibits dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice.

BACKGROUND: IA-0130 is a derivative of 3-(1,3-diarylallylidene)oxindoles, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). A previous study demonstrated that SERM exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on colitis by promoting the anti-inflammatory phenotype of monocytes in murine colitis. However, the therapeutic effects of oxindole on colitis remain unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of IA-0130 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis. METHODS: The DSS-induced colitis mouse model was established by administration of 2.5% DSS for 5 days. Mice were orally administered with IA-0130 (0.01 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg) or cyclosporin A (CsA; 30 mg/kg). Body weight, disease activity index score and colon length of mice were calculated and histological features of mouse colonic tissues were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and tight junction (TJ) proteins were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling molecules in colonic tissues were investigated using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: IA-0130 (0.1 mg/kg) and CsA (30 mg/kg) prevented colitis symptom, including weight loss, bleeding, colon shortening, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in colon tissues. IA-0130 treatment regulated the mouse intestinal barrier permeability and inhibited abnormal TJ protein expression. IA-0130 down-regulated IL-6 expression and prevented the phosphorylation of signaling molecules in colonic tissues. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that IA-0130 suppressed colitis progression by inhibiting the gp130 signaling pathway and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and maintaining TJ integrity.

Ru Single Atom Dispersed on MoS2/MXene for Enhanced Sulfur Reduction Reaction in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg-1) and low cost of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) make them an ideal alternative for the next-generation energy storage system. Nevertheless, severe capacity degradation and low sulfur utilization resulting from shuttle effect hinder their commercialization. Herein, Single-atom Ru-doped 1T/2H MoS2 with enriched defects decorates V2C MXene (Ru-MoS2/MXene) produced by a new phase-engineering strategy employed as sulfur host to promote polysulfide adsorption and conversion reaction kinetics. The Ru single atom-doped adjusts the chemical environment of the MoS2/MXene to anchor polysulfide and acts as an efficient center to motivate the redox reaction. In addition, the rich defects of the MoS2 and ternary boundary among 1T/2H MoS2 and V2C accelerate the charge transfer and ion movements for the reaction. As expected, the Ru-MoS2/MXene/S cathode-based cell exhibits a high-rate capability of 684.3 mAh g-1 at 6 C. After 1000 cycles, the Ru-MoS2/MXene/S cell maintains an excellent cycling stability of 696 mAh g-1 at 2 C with a capacity degradation as low as 0.02% per cycle. Despite a high sulfur loading of 9.5 mg cm-2 and a lean electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio of 4.3, the cell achieves a high discharge capacity of 726 mAh g-1.

Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification.

Terahertz (THz) waves, known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies, can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and space. Here, we demonstrate the generation of ionizing, multicycle, 15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses. A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy, pulse duration, and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per centimeter. In particular, a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical simulations. Such intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma formation. This study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases, which will open up new opportunities, including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.

Cigarette smoke impairs the hematopoietic supportive property of mesenchymal stem cells via the production of reactive oxygen species and NLRP3 activation.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play important roles in tissue homeostasis by providing a supportive microenvironmental niche for the hematopoietic system. Cigarette smoking induces systemic abnormalities, including an impeded recovery process after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, the role of cigarette smoking-mediated alterations in MSC niche function have not been investigated. METHODS: In the present study, we investigated whether exposure to cigarette smoking extract (CSE) disrupts the hematopoietic niche function of MSCs, and pathways impacted. To investigate the effects on bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs and support of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), mice were repeatedly infused with the CSE named 3R4F, and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) supporting function was determined. The impact of 3R4F on MSCs at cellular level were screened by bulk-RNA sequencing and subsequently validated through qRT-PCR. Specific inhibitors were treated to verify the ROS or NLRP3-specific effects, and the cells were then transplanted into the animal model or subjected to coculture with HSPCs. RESULTS: Both direct ex vivo and systemic in vivo MSC exposure to 3R4F resulted in impaired engraftment in a humanized mouse model. Furthermore, transcriptomic profile analysis showed significantly upregulated signaling pathways related to reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and aging in 3R4F-treated MSCs. Notably, ingenuity pathway analysis revealed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in 3R4F-treated MSCs, and pretreatment with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 rescued the HSPC-supporting ability of 3R4F-treated MSCs. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these findings indicate that exposure to CSE reduces HSPCs supportive function of MSCs by inducing robust ROS production and subsequent NLRP3 activation.

Evaluation of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve in Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis.

BACKGROUND: The optimal functional evaluation of coronary artery stenosis in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) has not been established. The objective of the study was to evaluate the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) in patients with and without severe AS. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 395 lesions in 293 patients with severe AS and 2257 lesions in 1882 patients without severe AS between 2010 and 2022 from a subgroup of the Interventional Cardiology Research In-Cooperation Society FFR Registry. All patients had FFR values, and iFR was analyzed post hoc using dedicated software only in lesions with adequate resting pressure curves (311 lesions in patients with severe AS and 2257 lesions in patients with nonsevere AS). RESULTS: The incidence of iFR ≤0.89 was 66.6% and 31.8% (P<0.001), while the incidence of FFR ≤0.80 was 45.3% and 43.9% (P=0.60) in the severe AS group and the nonsevere AS group, respectively. In the severe AS group, most lesions (95.2%) with iFR >0.89 had FFR >0.80, while 36.2% of lesions with iFR ≤0.89 had FFR >0.80. During a median follow-up of 2 years, FFR ≤0.80 was significantly associated with deferred lesion failure (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.71 [95% CI, 1.08-6.80]; P=0.034), while iFR ≤0.89 showed no prognostic value (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.47-3.60]; P=0.60) in the severe AS group. Lesions with iFR ≤0.89 and FFR >0.80, in particular, were not associated with a higher rate of deferred lesion failure at 3 years compared with lesions with iFR >0.89 (15.4% versus 17.0%; P=0.58). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that FFR appears to be less affected by the presence of severe AS and is more associated with prognosis. iFR may overestimate the functional severity of coronary artery disease without prognostic significance, yet it can be useful for excluding significant stenosis in patients with severe AS.

Antiviral activity of adenoviral vector expressing human interferon lambda-4 against influenza virus.

Interferon lambda (IFNλ), classified as a type III IFN, is a representative cytokine that plays an important role in innate immunity along with type I IFN. IFNλ can elicit antiviral states by inducing peculiar sets of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In this study, an adenoviral vector expression system with a tetracycline operator system was used to express human IFNλ4 in cells and mice. The formation of recombinant adenovirus (rAd-huIFNλ4) was confirmed using immunohistochemistry assays and transmission electron microscopy. Its purity was verified by quantifying host cell DNA and host cell proteins, as well as by confirming the absence of the replication-competent adenovirus. The transduction of rAd-huIFNλ4 induced ISGs and inhibited four subtypes of the influenza virus in both mouse-derived (LA-4) and human-derived cells (A549). The antiviral state was confirmed in BALB/c mice following intranasal inoculation with 109 PFU of rAd-huIFNλ4, which led to the inhibition of four subtypes of the influenza virus in mouse lungs, with reduced inflammatory lesions. These results imply that human IFNλ4 could induce antiviral status by modulating ISG expression in mice.

Risk Factors for Infertility in Korean Women.

BACKGROUND: Female infertility is a crucial problem with significant implications for individuals and society. In this study, we explore risk factors for infertility in Korean women. METHODS: A total of 986 female patients who visited six major infertility clinics in Korea were recruited from April to December 2014. Fertile age-matched controls were selected from two nationwide survey study participants. Conditional logistic regression after age-matching was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of each risk factor for infertility. RESULTS: Women with a body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m² had 1.35 times higher odds of infertility (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.03-1.77), while those with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m² had even higher odds (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.61-2.64) compared to women with a normal BMI (18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m²). Ever-smokers exhibited 4.94 times higher odds of infertility compared to never-smokers (95% CI, 3.45-8.85). Concerning alcohol consumption, women who consumed ≥ 7 glasses at a time showed 3.13 times significantly higher odds of infertility than those who consumed ≤ 4 glasses at a time (95% CI, 1.79-5.48). Lastly, women with thyroid disease demonstrated 1.44 times higher odds of infertility compared to women without thyroid disease (95% CI, 1.00-2.08). CONCLUSION: Female infertility in Korea was associated with underweight, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and thyroid disease.

Association between Chronic Kidney Disease and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global mortality. While recent reports suggest potential connections between CKD and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), further research is needed to elucidate the direct association between CKD and CRS. This study investigated the association between CKD and CRS using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort. Participants were recruited according to medical claim codes, and individuals with CKD were matched in a 1:4 ratio with the control group. Covariates, such as demographics, health-related data, and medical history were used. The incidence rates and hazard ratio of CRS were analyzed. A further analysis was performed based on the presence of nasal polyps. Among the 514,866 participants, 16,644 patients with CKD and 66,576 matched controls were included in the analysis. The CKD group demonstrated a higher incidence of CRS than the controls: 18.30 versus 13.10 per 10,000 person-years. The CKD group demonstrated a higher risk of CRS than the control group (1.28 adjusted hazard ratio). In additional analyses, the CKD group did not exhibit a statistically significant correlation for the development of CRS with nasal polyps. This study suggests that CKD is associated with an increased risk for CRS.

Incidence and predictors of left atrial thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation under anticoagulation therapy.

BACKGROUND: Left atrial thrombus (LAT) formation is associated with thromboembolic events. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and associated factors of LAT in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who had been receiving anticoagulation therapy for more than 4 weeks, and to develop a prediction model using clinical and echocardiographic features. METHODS: Medical records of 1,122 patients with AF (mean age, 59.4 ± 11.0 years, 58.3% male) who were on anticoagulation more than 4 weeks and underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) were evaluated. The main outcome was the presence of LAT on TEE. RESULTS: Warfarin and non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants were used in 74.4% and 25.6% of the patients at the time of examination, respectively. LAT was present in 60 patients (5.3%). Presence of LAT on TEE was associated with age ≥ 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.13 [95% confidence interval, 0.94-4.58]), persistent/permanent AF (OR 2.61 [1.42-4.93]), CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 points (OR 1.91 [1.05-3.48]), left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% (OR 2.35 [1.07-4.81]), and severe left atrial enlargement (OR 3.52 [1.89-6.79]). The presence of moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation was associated with a lower risk of LAT (OR 0.13 [0.04-0.34]). A scoring system composed of the aforementioned predictors showed excellent discrimination performance (area under the curve 0.791 [95% CI, 0.727-0.854]). CONCLUSIONS: LAT was present in a considerable number of patients who were already receiving anticoagulation therapy. A prediction model that combines clinical and echocardiographic predictors could be useful in distinguishing patients who require imaging evaluations before left atrial intervention.

Triphasic Ni2P-Ni12P5-Ru with Amorphous Interface Engineering Promoted by Co Nano-Surface for Efficient Water Splitting.

This research designs a triphasic Ni2P-Ni12P5-Ru heterostructure with amorphous interface engineering strongly coupled by a cobalt nano-surface (Co@NimPn-Ru) to form a hierarchical 3D interconnected architecture. The Co@NimPn-Ru material promotes unique reactivities toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. The material delivers an overpotential of 30 mV for HER at 10 mA cm-2 and 320 mV for OER at 50 mA cm-2 in freshwater. The electrolyzer cell derived from Co@NimPn-Ru(+,-) requires a small cell voltage of only 1.43 V in alkaline freshwater or 1.44 V in natural seawater to produce 10 mA cm-2 at a working temperature of 80 °C, along with high performance retention after 76 h. The solar energy-powered electrolyzer system also shows a prospective solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency and sufficient durability, confirming its good potential for economic and sustainable hydrogen production. The results are ascribed to the synergistic effects by an exclusive combination of multi-phasic crystalline Ni2P, Ni12P5, and Ru clusters in presence of amorphous phosphate interface attached onto cobalt nano-surface, thereby producing rich exposed active sites with optimized free energy and multi open channels for rapid charge transfer and ion diffusion to promote the reaction kinetics.

Diesel exhaust particle exposure exacerbates ciliary and epithelial barrier dysfunction in the multiciliated bronchial epithelium models.

Airway epithelium, the first defense barrier of the respiratory system, facilitates mucociliary clearance against inflammatory stimuli, such as pathogens and particulates inhaled into the airway and lung. Inhaled particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) can penetrate the alveolar region of the lung, and it can develop and exacerbate respiratory diseases. Although the pathophysiological effects of PM2.5 in the respiratory system are well known, its impact on mucociliary clearance of airway epithelium has yet to be clearly defined. In this study, we used two different 3D in vitro airway models, namely the EpiAirway-full-thickness (FT) model and a normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBE)-based air-liquid interface (ALI) system, to investigate the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) belonging to PM2.5 on mucociliary clearance. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses of EpiAirway-FT exposed to DEPs indicated that DEP-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are related to ciliary and microtubule function and inflammatory-related pathways. The exposure to DEPs significantly decreased the number of ciliated cells and shortened ciliary length. It reduced the expression of cilium-related genes such as acetylated α-tubulin, ARL13B, DNAH5, and DNAL1 in the NHBEs cultured in the ALI system. Furthermore, DEPs significantly increased the expression of MUC5AC, whereas they decreased the expression of epithelial junction proteins, namely, ZO1, Occludin, and E-cadherin. Impairment of mucociliary clearance by DEPs significantly improved the release of epithelial-derived inflammatory and fibrotic mediators such as IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, MMP-1, VEGF, and S100A9. Taken together, it can be speculated that DEPs can cause ciliary dysfunction, hyperplasia of goblet cells, and the disruption of the epithelial barrier, resulting in the hyperproduction of lung injury mediators. Our data strongly suggest that PM2.5 exposure is directly associated with ciliary and epithelial barrier dysfunction and may exacerbate lung injury.

Surveillance Stress Testing After Percutaneous Intervention for Patients With Multivessel or Left Main Coronary Disease.

BACKGROUND: The optimal surveillance strategy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for high-risk patients with multivessel or left main coronary artery disease (CAD) remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the prognostic role of routine functional testing in patients with multivessel or left main CAD who underwent PCI. METHODS: The POST-PCI (Pragmatic Trial Comparing Symptom-Oriented Versus Routine Stress Testing in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) trial randomized high-risk PCI patients to routine functional testing at 1 year or standard care alone during follow-up. This analysis focused on participants with multivessel or left main CAD. The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina at 2 years. RESULTS: Among 1,706 initially randomized patients, 1,192 patients with multivessel (n = 833) or left main (n = 359) were identified, with 589 in the functional testing group and 603 in the standard care group. Two-year incidences of primary outcome were similar between the functional testing group and the standard care group (6.2% vs 5.7%, respectively; HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.68-1.74; P = 0.73). This trend persisted in both groups of multivessel (6.2% vs 5.7%; HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.62-1.89; P = 0.78) and left main disease (6.2% vs 5.7%; HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.46-2.56; P = 0.85) (P for interaction = 0.90). Routine surveillance functional testing was associated with increased rates of invasive angiography and repeat revascularization beyond 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk patients with multivessel or left main CAD who underwent PCI, there was no incremental clinical benefit from routine surveillance functional-testing compared with standard care alone during follow-up. (Pragmatic Trial Comparing Symptom-Oriented Versus Routine Stress Testing in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [POST-PCI]; NCT03217877).

Highly Elastic, Bioresorbable Polymeric Materials for Stretchable, Transient Electronic Systems.

Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient, bioresorbable electronic systems; however, elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to non-transient counterparts. Here, we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer, poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PGCL), that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break (< 1300%), resilience and toughness, and tunable dissolution behaviors. Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices, in combination with conducing polymers, yields stretchable, conductive composites for degradable interconnects, sensors, and actuators, which can reliably function under external strains. Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic, transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of post-surgical wounds in soft, time-dynamic tissues.