Polarized ultraviolet emitters with Al wire-grid polarizers fabricated by solvent-assisted nanotransfer process.

Polarized ultraviolet (UV) emitters are essential for various applications, such as photoalignment devices for liquid crystals, high-resolution imaging devices, highly sensitive sensors, and steppers. To increase the high polarization ratio (PR) of a UV emitter, the grating period should be decreased than that of the visible emitter. However, the fabrication of the short period grating directly on UV emitters is still limited. In this study, we demonstrate that 200, 100, and 50 nm period aluminum (Al)-based wire-grid polarizers (WGPs) can be fabricated directly on UV emitters by a solvent-assisted nanotransfer process. The UV emitter with a grating period of 100 nm shows a PR of 84%, and an electroluminescence efficiency that is 22.5% and 48% higher than those of UV emitters with 50 nm and 200 nm period WGPs, respectively, due to the increased photon extraction efficiency (PEE). The higher PEE is attributed to the optical cavity property of the Al metal reflector with low light loss and the surface plasmon effect of the Al grating layer.

Spontaneous Registration of Sub-10 nm Features Based on Subzero Celsius Spin-Casting of Self-Assembling Building Blocks Directed by Chemically Encoded Surfaces.

For low-cost and facile fabrication of innovative nanoscale devices with outstanding functionality and performance, it is critical to develop more practical patterning solutions that are applicable to a wide range of materials and feature sizes while minimizing detrimental effects by processing conditions. In this study, we report that area-selective sub-10 nm pattern formation can be realized by temperature-controlled spin-casting of block copolymers (BCPs) combined with submicron-scale-patterned chemical surfaces. Compared to conventional room-temperature spin-casting, the low temperature ( e.g., -5 °C) casting of the BCP solution on the patterned self-assembled monolayer achieved substantially improved area selectivity and uniformity, which can be explained by optimized solvent evaporation kinetics during the last stage of film formation. Moreover, the application of cold spin-casting can also provide high-yield in situ patterning of light-emitting CdSe/ZnS quantum dot thin films, indicating that this temperature-optimized spin-casting strategy would be highly effective for tailored patterning of diverse organic and hybrid materials in solution phase.

Ophthalmologic Complications Associated With Oculofacial Plastic and Esthetic Surgeries.

PURPOSE: To assess the ophthalmologic complications after oculofacial plastic and esthetic surgeries, including their incidence and management. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 110 patients who presented with ocular complications followed by oculofacial plastic and esthetic surgeries from January 2014 to December 2015. The incidence and management of complications after each surgery or procedure were analyzed. RESULTS: For lower eyelid blepharoplasty, the common complications were chemosis and lower eyelid ectropion. There was also a case of canalicular laceration. Exposure keratitis and corneal abrasion were the most common complications after upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Chemosis frequently occurred after lateral cathoplasty, but other complications, such as ectropion, trichiasis, and lacrimal fistula, were also seen. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction occurred in some cases of orthognathic surgery, and was managed with endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy. Inflammatory lipogranuloma was a common complication after autologous fat transplantation. CONCLUSION: Complications after oculofacial plastic and esthetic surgeries are not rare. Ophthalmologists must be aware of not only common complications but also rare and possibly serious conditions that may occur after such surgeries.

Long-Term Outcomes of Acellular Dermal Allograft as a Tarsal Substitute in the Reconstruction of Extensive Eyelid Defects.

PURPOSE: To report the long-term outcomes of using acellular dermal allograft (ADA) as a tarsal substitute for reconstruction of large full-thickness eyelid defects where ipsilateral or contralateral eyelid donor tissue was either not available or tarsoconjunctival transfer was insufficient to cover the full extent of the defect. METHODS: A retrospective review of a consecutive series of 10 patients between May 2003 and April 2012. Main outcome measures were anatomical and functional outcomes and complications. RESULTS: The study cohort included 4 males and 6 females with a mean age of 48.1 years (range 31-64 years). Indications for reconstruction were extensive full-thickness eyelid defects (upper or lower or both) resulting from tumor excision (n = 6), traumatic eyelid defect (n = 2), electrical burn (n = 1), and eyelid necrosis (n = 1). The mean postoperative follow-up was 84.3 months (range 33-164 months). The reconstructive procedure included a variety of techniques using ADA as the posterior lamellar graft. Overall, 7 patients achieved excellent anatomical, cosmetic, and functional results. Reoperation was required in 3 patients (for postoperative upper lid retraction, upper lid entropion, and lower fornix reconstruction) despite acceptable initial results. There were no intraoperative complications, postoperative allergic or immunologic rejection associated with the use of allograft, nor any long-term sequelae. CONCLUSION: The extensive upper and lower eyelid defects with large vertical component can be successfully repaired using ADA as a tarsal substitute. The results of our study with long-term follow-up indicate excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes with minimal morbidity.

Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model for an online peer-to-peer suicide prevention and awareness for depression (SPAD) intervention among African American college students: experimental study.

Background: Suicide rates are high among African American students because they are at a greater risk of depression. A commonly used suicide prevention approach is the gatekeeper training. However, gatekeeper training is neither evidence-based nor has it been identified as culturally-appropriate for African American college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an online peer-to-peer PRECEDE-PROCEED model based depression awareness and suicide prevention program that was culturally appropriate for African American college students. Methods: The setting was a predominantly Black institution in southern USA. A pre-experimental repeated measures one group design was used to measure changes in peer educators' (n = 29) predisposing factors regarding knowledge, skills and attitudes pertaining to depression, reinforcing factors or receiving support from peers, healthcare professionals and teachers to help someone with depression, enabling factors or sureness of finding organizations to help someone with depression, and behavior for helping someone with depression at pretest, posttest and 1-month follow-up. A posttest only one group design was also used to measure effect on predisposing factors and behavior of students (n = 300) trained by peer educators. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in attitudes related to depression as disease (P = 0.003; η2 = 0.39), attitudes about managing depression (P = 0.0001; η2 = 0.30), skills(P = 0.0001; η2 = 0.41), reinforcing factors (P = 0.018; η2 = 0.13), enabling factors (P = 0.0001;η2 = 0.31), and behavior (P = 0.016; η2 = 0.14). Changes in knowledge about depression and attitudes about helping people with depression were not statistically significant over time for peer educators. The peer-to-peer training was not completely effective in transferring corresponding changes for students trained by peers. Conclusion: The program was effective for peer educators but peers could not significantly influence other students in all domains. This study provides a starting point toward evidencebased approaches for health promotion interventionists addressing depression awareness and suicide prevention among African American college students.

Radiological Analysis of Orbital Cavernous Hemangiomas: A Review and Comparison Between Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Cavernous hemangiomas are the most common benign orbital tumors in the orbit, but radiological differentiation from other solitary orbital masses can still be challenging at times. While there have been previous studies describing the radiological characteristics of cavernous hemangiomas on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there have not been any studies comparing the 2 imaging modalities. The purpose of our study was to evaluate CT and MRI findings of orbital cavernous hemangiomas and compare both modalities.We performed a cross-sectional study of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma over a 20-year period from January 1997 to December 2016 in a single tertiary institution.Our study included 77 patients; mean age was 46.6 ±â€Š11.2 years, and females comprised 68.8%. The lateral orbit (23.4%) was the most common location. The masses were well-defined, with 55.8% being ovoid, 27.3% round, and 16.9% lobulated. The most common enhancement pattern on CT was a small point starting in the periphery, progressing to heterogeneous filling in the late phase. The most common enhancement pattern on MRI was multiple patchy starting points, widespread across the tumor, with a final homogeneous filling in the late phase.Significant differences between CT and MRI were found in terms of area, location, and number of starting points of contrast enhancement in the early phase. We also found that the use of MRI is limited in differentiating fast-filling cavernous hemangiomas from other orbital tumors and in such cases, contrast-enhanced CT would be helpful.

Canaliculorhinostomy-Indications and Surgical Results.

PURPOSE: To report the surgical results of canaliculorhinostomy for patients with distal canalicular obstruction and lacking a structurally functional lacrimal sac who would otherwise require a conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) with Jones tube placement. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: Setting: Single tertiary institution. PERIOD: November 1994 to June 2011. PATIENT POPULATION: Sixteen patients with canalicular obstruction at or beyond 8 mm from the punctum, with an absent or unidentifiable lacrimal sac. INTERVENTION: Patients underwent canaliculorhinostomy, whereby direct anastomosis of the canaliculi or common canaliculus to the nasal mucosa was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anatomic and functional success. RESULTS: Our study comprised 16 patients with a mean age of 44.9 ± 21.9 years. Ten (62.5%) were female and 6 (37.5%) male. Mean duration of follow-up was 7.8 years. Causes of an absent or unidentifiable lacrimal sac included previous trauma (n = 8, 50.0%), previous dacryocystorhinostomy (n = 4, 25.0%), chronic dacryocystitis (n = 3, 18.8%), and previous dacryocystectomy (n = 1, 6.2%). Anastomoses between the upper and lower canaliculi and the nasal mucosa was performed in 6 patients, while that between the common canaliculus and nasal mucosa was performed in 10. Anatomic and functional success rates were 87.5% (n = 14) and 81.3% (n = 13), respectively. CONCLUSION: Canaliculorhinostomy has reasonable success rates and provides an effective surgical alternative for a group of patients in whom CDCR with Jones tube placement would otherwise have been indicated.

Causes and Surgical Outcomes of Lower Eyelid Retraction.

PURPOSE: To investigate the causes of lower eyelid retraction and evaluate the outcomes of various surgical procedures. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients who underwent lower eyelid retraction surgery performed by a single surgeon at Kim's Eye Hospital between 2006 and 2013. We investigated the causes of lower eyelid retraction, clinical history, characteristics, treatment, and surgical outcomes. Preoperative and postoperative margin reflex distance 2 and inferior scleral show were measured for each eyelid. Success was defined as a positive eyelid elevation and a decrease in inferior scleral show. RESULTS: A total of 19 lower eyelids were treated in 14 patients with lower eyelid retraction. For cosmetic reasons, surgical correction for congenital lower eyelid retraction was performed on seven eyelids (36.8%). Ten eyelids (52.6%) exhibited secondary lower eyelid retraction after surgery. One eyelid (5.3%) was affected by facial palsy and one eyelid (5.3%) exhibited exophthalmos of an unknown origin. We adopted a selective approach based on lower eyelid retraction severity. Spacer grafting via a subconjunctival approach was the most commonly performed surgical technique (13 eyelids, 68.4%). The lateral tarsal strip procedure was used to horizontally tighten three eyelids (15.8%). At the time of the procedure, one of these eyelids (5.3%) also received an adjuvant suborbicularis oculi fat lift. Autogenous dermis fat grafting was performed on two lower eyelids (10.5%), whose retraction was caused by fat and soft tissue loss. Cosmetic outcomes were satisfactory in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: To achieve satisfactory surgical outcomes, surgeons should adopt an approach based on the severity of lower eyelid retraction. Mild lower eyelid retraction can be corrected without grafts. When retraction is severe and exceeds 2 mm, spacer grafts that push the lower eyelid margin upwards and support it from below are required.

Comparison of the Efficacies of 0.94 mm and Double Silicone Tubes for Treatment of Canalicular Obstruction.

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical effects of the single wide-diameter bicanalicular silicone tube and the double bicanalicular silicone tube in endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with canalicular trephinization for canalicular obstruction. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 121 patients with monocanalicular or common canalicular obstruction who had undergone endonasal DCR with random bicanalicular insertion of either double silicone tubes (insertion of two tubes into each canaliculus) or a single wide-diameter (0.94 mm) silicone tube. The tubes were removed at around 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: This study included 79 eyes of 61 patients in the double-tube intubation group and 68 eyes of 60 patients in the single wide-diameter tube intubation group. Anatomical success, evaluated by syringing, was achieved in 72 of the 79 eyes (91.1%) in the double-tube intubation group and 60 of the 68 eyes (88.2%) in the single wide-diameter tube intubation group. Functional success was achieved in 65 of the 79 eyes (82.3%) in the double-tube intubation group and 61 of the 68 (89.7%) eyes in the single wide-diameter tube intubation group. There were no significant differences in the success rates of surgery between the two groups. One patient in the double-tube intubation group underwent conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) and two in the wide-diameter tube intubation group underwent CDCR or reintubation to treat recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Intubation using a single wide-diameter tube during endonasal DCR is as effective as double-tube intubation for the treatment of canalicular obstruction, with a lower rate of complications such as inflammation or patient discomfort.

Area-Selective Lift-Off Mechanism Based on Dual-Triggered Interfacial Adhesion Switching: Highly Facile Fabrication of Flexible Nanomesh Electrode.

With the recent emergence of flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices, the achievement of sufficient bendability and stretchability of transparent and conducting electrodes (TCEs) has become an important requirement. Although metal-mesh-based structures have been investigated for TCEs because of their excellent performances, the fabrication of mesh or grid structures with a submicron line width is still complex due to the requirements of laborious lithography and pattern transfer steps. Here, we introduce an extremely facile fabrication technique for metal patterns embedded in a flexible substrate based on submicron replication and an area-selective delamination (ASD) pattern. The high-yield, area-specific lift-off process is based on the principle of solvent-assisted delamination of deposited metal thin films and a mechanical triggering effect by soft wiping or ultrasonication. Our fabrication process is very simple, convenient, and cost-effective in that it does not require any lithography/etching steps or sophisticated facilities. Moreover, their outstanding optical and electrical properties (e.g., sheet resistances of 0.43 Ω sq-1 at 94% transmittance), which are markedly superior to those of other flexible TCEs, are demonstrated. Furthermore, there is no significant change of resistance over 1000 repeated bending cycles, with a bending radius of 5 mm, and immersion in various solvents such as salt water and organic solvents. Finally, we demonstrate high-performance transparent heaters and flexible touch panels fabricated using the nanomesh electrode, confirming the long-range electrical conduction and reliability of the electrode.

Cause and Management of Patients With Failed Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy.

OBJECTIVES: Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a well-established treatment method in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. However, there are a few reports about the overall management of failed endonasal DCR. We investigated the causes and management strategies of failed endonasal DCR. METHODS: This retrospective review included 61 patients (61 eyes) who had undergone revision surgery by the same surgeon after failed endonasal DCR between January 2008 and December 2012. The appropriate revision method was determined after analysis of the etiology of failure by the fluorescein dye disappearance test, nasal endoscopy, lacrimal irrigation, and probing. The criteria for success of the revision surgery were defined by the passage of fluid without resistance upon lacrimal irrigation and normalization of the tear meniscus height. RESULTS: The mean duration between the primary endonasal DCR and revision surgery was 15.3 months. The average follow-up period after revision surgery was 12.2 months. The most common cause of endoscopic revision surgery was membranous obstruction. Endoscopic revision surgery was performed in 48 patients, while lacrimal silicone tube intubation under endoscopy was performed in 13 patients. The most common indication for lacrimal silicone tube intubation was functional epiphora. The overall success rate of the revision surgery was 89%. CONCLUSION: The most common cause of failed endonasal DCR was membranous obstruction. When patients with failed endonasal DCR presented at the clinic, it is important to identify the cause of the failure. Revision surgery could increase the final success rate of endonasal DCR.

Preoperative Computed Tomography Findings for Patients with Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction or Stenosis.

PURPOSE: To identify and analyze the role of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in patients with tearing symptoms with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and CT results on 218 patients who complained of tearing symptoms with NLDO between January 2014 and December 2014. All patients were recruited from Kim's Eye Hospital's outpatient clinic and assessed by clinical history, examination, and CT to evaluate periocular pathology and nasolacrimal drainage system. Patients with abnormal findings assessed by preoperative CT were further reviewed. RESULTS: CT was performed on 218 patients (average age, 58.2 ± 11.9 years). Of these, 196 (89.9%) had endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy, 14 (6.4%) declined surgery, and 8 (3.7%) were inoperable due to abnormal CT findings. Soft tissue opacity was the most common finding which 243 cases (85.9%) of 283 obstructed nasolacrimal duct and 89 cases (81.7%) of 109 non-obstructed nasolacrimal duct showed it. Thirty-nine (17.8%) of 218 patients showed either maxillary sinusitis or ethmoidal sinusitis and 32 (14.7%) of 218 patients presented with periocular inflammation. Other abnormal CT findings included septal deviations, previous fractures, masses, and structural abnormalities of nasal cavity. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative CT imaging is useful in the assessment of both nasolacrimal drainage and nearby anatomical structures. This information will be helpful in planning surgical interventions and management of NLDO.

Predictors of Silicone Tube Intubation Success in Patients with Lacrimal Drainage System Stenosis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate prognostic factors affecting silicone tube intubation outcomes in Asian patients with lacrimal drainage system stenosis. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of 822 patients (1,118 eyes) who had undergone silicone tube intubation to treat lacrimal drainage system stenosis between January 2011 and December 2012. Patients were divided into two groups: a success group and a failure group. Success was defined as the disappearance of epiphora symptoms, normalization of tear meniscus height, and the easy passage of fluid without resistance on the postoperative syringing test. Patient and ocular parameters were compared between the success and failure groups. RESULTS: A total of 994 eyes of 727 patients were included in analyses. Patients had a mean follow-up period of 34.11 ± 18.70 weeks. Silicone tube intubation was successful in 67.2% of participants. Significant differences between the success and failure groups were found for age (p < 0.001), history of ipsilateral facial palsy (p = 0.028), follow-up period (p < 0.001), and degree of passage on the preoperative syringing test (p = 0.001). Only age (p < 0.001) and degree of passage on the preoperative syringing test (p = 0.002) remained significantly associated with silicone tube intubation success in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Age was negatively associated with silicone tube intubation success in patients with lacrimal drainage system stenosis. The success rate was higher in patients who showed easy passage of fluid without resistance on the preoperative syringing test. These factors should be considered by surgeons planning silicone tube intubation in patients with lacrimal drainage system stenosis.

Three-dimensional assessment of condylar surface changes and remodeling after orthognathic surgery.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate condylar surface changes and remodeling after orthognathic surgery using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) imaging, including comparisons between the right and left sides and between the sexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients (20 males and 20 females) who underwent multi-detector CT examinations before and after surgery were selected. Three-dimensional images comprising thousands of points on the condylar surface were obtained before and after surgery. For the quantitative assessment of condylar surface changes, point-to-point (preoperative-to-postoperative) distances were calculated using D processing software. These point-to-point distances were converted to a color map. In order to evaluate the types of condylar remodeling, the condylar head was divided into six areas (anteromedial, anteromiddle, anterolateral, posteromedial, posteromiddle, and posterolateral areas) and each area was classified into three types of condylar remodeling (bone formation, no change, and bone resorption) based on the color map. Additionally, comparative analyses were performed between the right and left sides and according to sex. RESULTS: The mean of the average point-to-point distances on condylar surface was 0.11±0.03 mm. Bone resorption occurred more frequently than other types of condylar remodeling, especially in the lateral areas. However, bone formation in the anteromedial area was particularly prominent. No significant difference was found between the right and left condyles, but condylar surface changes in males were significantly larger than in females. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that condylar remodeling exhibited a tendency towards bone resorption, especially in the lateral areas. Condylar surface changes occurred, but were small.

Comparison of Surgical Outcome Between Quickert Suture and Quickert Suture With Modified Lateral Tarsal Strip in Involutional Lower Eyelid Entropion.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical outcome between Quickert suture and Quickert suture with modified lateral tarsal strip in involutional lower eyelid entropion. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 76 patients (94 eyes) who had undergone Quickert suture (Group 1) and on 38 patients (44 eyes) who had undergone Quickert suture with modified lateral tarsal strip (Group 2) for correction of involutional lower eyelid entropion from January 2011 to December 2013. RESULTS: In Group 1, recurrence rate is 25.5% (24 eyes) and mean duration to recurrence is 11.9 months in Group 1. For correction of recurrence, Quickert suture is performed in 50% (12 eyes), Quickert suture with lateral tarsal strip is performed in 37.5% (9 eyes), and lateral tarsal strip is performed in 12.5% (3 eyes). In Group 2, recurrence rate is 9.1% (4 eyes). For correction of recurrence, lower eyelid retractor reinsertion is performed in 50% (2 eyes), Quickert suture with lateral tarsal strip is performed in 25% (1 eye), and Quickert suture is performed in 25% (1 eye). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence rate is lower in patients who had undergone Quickert suture with modified lateral tarsal strip than in a patient who had undergone Quickert suture for correction of involutional lower eyelid entropion.

Clinical characteristics of patients with a periorbital mass after autologous fat injection for facial augmentation and short-term outcomes of steroid treatment.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of patients with a periorbital palpable mass or swelling after autologous fat injection for facial augmentation. METHODS: This retrospective case study included 50 patients who developed a periorbital palpable mass or swelling after undergoing autologous fat injection for facial augmentation performed by various plastic surgeons. The patients' medical records were reviewed for clinical history, radiological findings, and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: All patients were female with a mean age of 43.18 ± 12.04 (range, 19-63) years. After fat injection, the average time of symptom onset was 9.09 ± 8.45 (1-36) months, and the mean follow-up duration was 13 ± 1 (4-36) weeks. Majority of patients complained of eyelid swelling or periorbital palpable mass. All patients had received fat injection in the forehead area, except for the following patients: Five patients who were unaware of the site of fat injection and one patient who had received the injection in the upper eyelid area with simultaneous double-fold surgery. In addition, 39 patients had received a second injection of cryopreserved autologous fat tissue. Forty-five patients developed a mass in the upper eyelid area, four were found to have the mass in the lower eyelid area, and one patient developed the mass in both eyelids. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed isolated fat tissue, periorbital inflammation, or a soft tissue mass with fat density. Oral steroids were used to treat 41 (82.0%) patients; 31 (75.6%) showed satisfactory outcomes, nine (22.0%) patients did not return to the clinic after the first oral steroid treatment, and the periorbital mass persisted in one patient (2%) even after the oral steroid treatment. The patient with the periorbital mass underwent surgical removal and tissue biopsy. Asymptomatic patients (eight; 16%) underwent observation without treatment. As a first treatment, one patient (2%) requested an immediate surgical removal of the periorbital mass. Therefore, surgical excision and biopsy were performed in two patients (4%). During surgery, a granulomatous mass was found in the preseptal region, with liquefied necrotic fat flowing out. Histological examination revealed a lipogranuloma with granulomatous inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should confirm a history of autologous fat injection and be aware of the clinical features in patients who present with a periorbital palpable mass or swelling. Oral steroid therapy should be considered before surgery because it may prove to be effective. Further studies with long-term follow-up periods are necessary.

In Situ Nanolithography with Sub-10 nm Resolution Realized by Thermally Assisted Spin-Casting of a Self-Assembling Polymer.

In situ nanolithography is realized based on warm spin-casting of block copolymer solutions. This advancement is based on Si-containing block copolymers with an appropriate thermodynamic driving force for spontaneous phase-separation combined with the thermal assistance provided by slight temperature elevations during the spin-casting. Sub-10 nm half-pitch nanoscale patterns are produced within 30 s without a separate annealing process.

Bilateral postoperative maxillary cysts after orthognathic surgery: A case report.

Postoperative maxillary cysts are locally aggressive lesions, usually developing as delayed complications many years after radical antral surgery. This report describes a case of bilateral postoperative maxillary cysts following orthognathic surgery performed approximately 21 years previously. The patient complained of stinging pain on her right cheek. Radiographic examination revealed low-attenuation lesions on both maxillary sinuses with discontinuously corticated margins without distinct expansion or bone destruction. The cysts were enucleated with the removal of metal plates and screws for pain relief. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of postoperative maxillary cysts lined by ciliated, pseudostratified columnar cells. The patient has remained asymptomatic thus far, and there was no evidence of local recurrence at 21 months of postoperative follow-up.