Predictors of leiomyoma recurrence after laparoscopic myomectomy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate recurrence and reoperation rate after laparoscopic myomectomy in relation to risk factors and identify suitable candidates for laparoscopic myomectomy to decrease recurrence. DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Five university hospitals and a university-affiliated teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Five hundred and twelve women who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy between 1995 and 2004. All patients had a follow-up with clinical examination and transvaginal sonography for a median 13 months after surgery. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic myomectomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Recurrence was defined as the appearance of a leiomyoma on ultrasound examination or identification of leiomyoma during subsequent surgery after the initial surgery. Cox regression (full model) analysis of the possible risk factors for recurrence followed by a stepwise variable selection was performed to eliminate confounding factors. The cumulative probability of leiomyoma recurrence increased steadily during the follow-up period, 11.7% after 1 year, 36.1% after 3 years, 52.9% at 5 years, and reached 84.4% at 8 years. The cumulative probability of reoperation for recurrent leiomyoma was much lower: 6.7% at 5 years and 16% at 8 years. Significant risk factors that were independently associated with cumulative recurrence were age, preoperative number of myoma, preoperative uterine size by pelvic examination, presence of associated pelvic disease, and delivery after laparoscopic myomectomy. The operative time and change of hematocrit were associated with the reoperation. Those who had fewer than 2 myomas before surgery, uterus size less than 13 gestational weeks measured by pelvic examination, no childbirth after laparoscopic myomectomy, and age at index surgery less than 35.5 years showed the lowest recurrence after laparoscopic myomectomy from Classification and Regression trees analysis. CONCLUSION: The risk of recurrence of leiomyoma after laparoscopic myomectomy is linked with the age, preoperative number of leiomyoma, preoperative uterine size, presence of associated pelvic disease, and childbirth after surgery.

Clinical effectiveness of urinary human chorionic gonadotropin related protein (hCGRP) quantification for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

We detected pregnancy related new molecule, human chorionic gonadotropin related protein (hCGRP) in the urine of a pregnant women by using a monoclonal antibody against the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This study examined the effectiveness of urinary hCGRP quantification in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy. This study included 40 normal pregnant women and 25 patients with ectopic pregnancy. Patients' serum and urinary intact whole hCG (i-hCG) and hCGRP concentrations were measured using sandwich ELISA and the ratio of hCGRP to i-hCG was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 10.0. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the cut-off value to discriminate ectopic pregnancies from normal intrauterine pregnancies. Urinary hCGRP and hCGRP/i-hCG ratio in ectopic pregnancy group (14 +/- 6.6 ng/mL, 4.6 +/- 1.9%, respectively) were significantly lower than those of normal pregnancy group (149 +/- 10.2 ng/mL, 29.7 +/- 1.9%, respectively; p<0.001). Based on ROC curve analysis, a cut-off point of urinary hCGRP/i-hCG ratio <16.2% discriminated between ectopic pregnancy and normal pregnancy with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 92.0%, 90.0%, 32.6%, and 99.5%, respectively. Urinary hCGRP/i-hCG ratio measurement may be effective in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy.