Usefulness of additional diffusion MRI acquisition prior to mechanical thrombectomy for acute large vessel occlusion in the early time period at a CT-based stroke center.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether evaluating the infarction core using additionally acquired diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could help improve the assessment of prognosis including complication rates and modify the strategy for mechanical thrombectomy in endovascular procedures at a computed tomography (CT)-based stroke center. METHODS: Single-center data from patients with acute large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who underwent mechanical thrombectomy between May 2018 and January 2021 were analyzed. Diffusion MRI sequences were performed during the preparation period for mechanical thrombectomy after CT angiography. We set the infarction core reference volume on diffusion MRI to 60 cc and divided the patients into two groups: a small infarction core group (less than 60 cc) and a large infarction core group (more than 60 cc). The baseline characteristics, radiological and clinical outcomes of the patients were investigated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The difference in numbers between the two groups was not significant in the Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECT) score; however, the ASPECT score on diffusion MRI showed a remarkable difference between the two groups. The large infarction core volume group on diffusion MRI had a poor prognosis, with the modified Rankin score at 90 days showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.011). Complications after the procedure, such as hemorrhagic transformation, that can occur after reperfusion, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, decompressive craniectomy for increased intracranial pressure, and mortality, were significantly more frequent in the large infarction core volume group. CONCLUSION: At a CT-based stroke center, additionally acquired diffusion MRI without a time delay for reperfusion would improve the assessment of prognosis including complication rate, and could help neurointerventionists determine the extent of recanalization of occluded vessels during mechanical thrombectomy.

In Situ Raman Mapping of Si Island Electrodes and Stress Modeling as a Function of Lithiation and Size.

Si is known for cracking and delamination during electrochemical cycling of a battery due to the large volume change associated with Li insertion and extraction. However, it has been found experimentally that patterned Si island electrodes that are 200 nm thick and less than 7 µm wide can deform in a purely elastic manner. Inspired by this, we performed in situ Raman stress characterization of model poly-crystalline Si island electrodes using an electrochemical cell coupled with an immersion objective lens and designed for a short working distance. A 5 µm wide Si island electrode showed a parabolic stress profile during lithiation, while for a 15 µm Si island electrode, a stress plateau in the center of the electrode was observed. A continuum model with coupled electro-chemo-mechanical (ECM) physics was established to understand the stress measurement. A qualitative agreement was reached between modeling and experimental data, and the critical size effect could be explained by the Li diffusive flux as governed by competition between the Li concentration and hydrostatic stress gradients. Below the critical size, the stress gradient drives Li toward the edges, where the electrode volume is free to expand, while above the critical size, the stress plateau inhibits Li diffusion to the edge and forces destructive stress relief by cracking. This work represents a promising methodology for in situ characterization of ECM coupling in battery electrodes, with suggestions provided for further improvement.

Absorption-Dominant mmWave EMI Shielding Films with Ultralow Reflection using Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency Tunable M-Type Ferrites.

Although there is a high demand for absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, most current shielding materials are based on reflection-dominant conductive materials. While there are few absorption-dominant shielding materials proposed with magnetic materials, their working frequencies are usually limited to under 30 GHz. In this study, a novel multi-band absorption-dominant EMI shielding film with M-type strontium ferrites and a conductive grid is proposed. This film shows ultralow EMI reflection of less than 5% in multiple mmWave frequency bands with sub-millimeter thicknesses, while shielding more than 99.9% of EMI. The ultralow reflection frequency bands are controllable by tuning the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of M-type strontium ferrites and composite layer geometries. Two examples of shielding films with ultralow reflection frequencies, one for 39 and 52 GHz 5G telecommunication bands and the other for 60 and 77 GHz autonomous radar bands, are presented. The remarkably low reflectance and thinness of the proposed films provide an important advancement toward the commercialization of EMI shielding materials for 5G mmWave applications.

Micro-Raman Stress Characterization of Crystalline Si as a Function of the Lithiation State.

This work presents a stress characterization of crystalline Si electrodes using micro-Raman spectroscopy. First, the phase heterogeneity in the c-Si electrodes after initial lithiation was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other complementary techniques. A surprising three-phase layer structure, with a-LixSi (x = 2.5), c-LixSi (x = 0.3-2.5), and c-Si layers, was observed, and its origin was attributed to the electro-chemo-mechanical (ECM) coupling effect in the c-Si electrodes. Then, a Raman scan was performed to characterize stress distribution in lithiated c-Si electrodes. The results showed that the maximum tensile stress occurred at the interface between c-LixSi and c-Si layers, indicating a plastic flow behavior. The yield stress increased with total lithium charge, and the relationship showed consistency with a prior multibeam optical sensor (MOS) study. Lastly, stress distribution and structural integrity of the c-Si electrodes after initial delithiation and further cycling were studied, and a comprehensive picture of the failure mechanism of the c-Si electrode was obtained.

ProDisc-C versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the surgical treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease: two-year outcomes of Asian prospective randomized controlled multicentre study.

PURPOSE: Our study aimed to evaluate non-inferiority of ProDisc-C to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in terms of clinical outcomes and incidence of adjacent segment disease (ASD) at 24-months post-surgery in Asian patients with symptomatic cervical disc disease (SCDD). METHODS: This multicentre, prospective, randomized controlled trial was initiated after ethics committee approval at nine centres (China/Hong Kong/Korea/Singapore/Taiwan). Patients with single-level SCDD involving C3-C7-vertebral segments were randomized (2:1) into: group-A treated with ProDisc-C and group-B with ACDF. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6-weeks, 3/6/12/18/24-months post-surgery and annually thereafter till 84-months. Primary endpoint was overall success at 24-months, defined as composite of: (1) ≥ 20% improvement in neck disability index (NDI); (2) maintained/improved neurologic parameters; (3) no implant removal/revision/re-operation at index level; and (4) no adverse/severe/life-threatening events. RESULTS: Of 120 patients (80ProDisc-C,40ACDF), 76 and 37 were treated as per protocol (PP). Overall success (PP) was 76.5% in group-A and 81.8% in group-B at 24-months (p = 0.12), indicating no clear non-inferiority of ProDisc-C to ACDF. Secondary outcomes improved for both groups with no significant inter-group differences. Occurrence of ASD was higher in group-B with no significant between-group differences. Range of motion (ROM) was sustained with ProDisc-C but lost with ACDF at 24-months. CONCLUSION: Cervical TDR with ProDisc-C is feasible, safe, and effective for treatment of SCDD in Asians. No clear non-inferiority was demonstrated between ProDisc-C and ACDF. However, patients treated with ProDisc-C demonstrated significant improvement in NDI, neurologic success, pain scores, and 36-item-short-form survey, along with ROM preservation at 24-months. Enrolment difficulties resulted in inability to achieve pre-planned sample size to prove non-inferiority. Future Asian-focused, large-scale studies are needed to establish unbiased efficacy of ProDisc-C to ACDF.

All-in-one flexible supercapacitor with ultrastable performance under extreme load.

Fiber-type solid-state supercapacitors are being widely investigated as stable power supply for next-generation wearable and flexible electronics. Integrating both high charge storage capability and superior mechanical properties into one fiber is crucial to realize fiber-type solid-state supercapacitors. In this study, we design a "jeweled necklace"­like hybrid composite fiber comprising double-walled carbon nanotube yarn and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Subsequent heat treatment transforms MOFs into MOF-derived carbon (MDC), thereby maximizing energy storage capability while retaining the superior mechanical properties. The hybrid fibers with tunable properties, including thickness and MDC loading amount, exhibit a high energy density of 7.54 milliwatt-hour per cubic centimeter at a power density of 190.94 milliwatt per cubic centimeter. The mechanical robustness of the hybrid fibers allows them to operate under various mechanical deformation conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the resulting superstrong fiber delivers sufficient power to switch on light-emitting diodes by itself while suspending 10-kilogram weight.

Nanoscale Li, Na, and K ion-conducting polyphosphazenes by atomic layer deposition.

A key trailblazer in the development of thin-film solid-state electrolytes has been lithium phosphorous oxynitride (LiPON), the success of which has led to recent progress in thin-film ion conductors. Here we compare the structural, electrochemical, and processing parameters between previously published LiPON and NaPON ALD processes with a novel ALD process for the K analogue potassium phosphorous oxynitride (KPON). In each ALD process, alkali tert-butoxides and diethylphosphoramidate are used as precursors. To understand the ALD surface reactions, this work proposes a reaction mechanism determined by in-operando mass spectrometry for the LiPON process as key to understanding the characteristics of the APON (A = Li, Na, K) family. As expected, NaPON and LiPON share similar reaction mechanisms as their structures are strikingly similar. KPON, however, exhibits similar ALD process parameters but the resulting film composition is quite different, showing little nitrogen incorporation and more closely resembling a phosphate glass. Due to the profound difference in structure, KPON likely undergoes an entirely different reaction mechanism. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of ALD ion conducting APON films as well as a perspective that highlights the versatility of ALD chemistries as a tool for the development of novel thin film ion-conductors.

Synthesis of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Nanospheres from Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks and the Dielectric Properties.

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanospheres were synthesized by calcination at 900 °C after the adsorption of Y3+ ions into the pores of a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF). The synthesized 3YSZ (zirconia doped with 3 mol% Y2O3), 8YSZ (8 mol% Y2O3), and 30YSZ (30 mol% Y2O3) nanospheres were found to exhibit uniform sizes and shapes. Complex permittivity and complex permeability were carried out in K-band (i.e., 18-26.5 GHz) to determine their suitability for use as low-k materials in 5G communications. The real and imaginary parts of the permittivity of the sintered 3YSZ were determined to be 21.24 and 0.12, respectively, while those of 8YSZ were 22.80 and 0.16, and those of 30YSZ were 7.16 and 0.38. Control of the real part of the permittivity in the sintered YSZ was facilitated by modifying the Y2O3 content, thereby rendering this material an electronic ceramic with potential for use in high-frequency 5G communications due to its excellent mechanical properties, high chemical resistance, and good thermal stability. In particular, it could be employed as an exterior material for electronic communication products requiring the minimization of information loss.

Improvement of the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 via Atomic Layer Deposition of Lithium-Rich Zirconium Phosphate Coatings.

Owing to its high energy density, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) is a cathode material of prime interest for electric vehicle battery manufacturers. However, NMC811 suffers from several irreversible parasitic reactions that lead to severe capacity fading and impedance buildup during prolonged cycling. Thin surface protection films coated on the cathode material mitigate degradative chemomechanical reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interphase, which helps to increase cycling stability. However, these coatings may impede the diffusion of lithium ions, and therefore, limit the performance of the cathode material at a high C-rate. Herein, we report on the synthesis of zirconium phosphate (ZrxPOy) and lithium-containing zirconium phosphate (LixZryPOz) coatings as artificial cathode-electrolyte interphases (ACEIs) on NMC811 using the atomic layer deposition technique. Upon prolonged cycling, the ZrxPOy- and LixZryPOz-coated NMC811 samples show 36.4 and 49.4% enhanced capacity retention, respectively, compared with the uncoated NMC811. Moreover, the addition of Li ions to the LixZryPOz coating enhances the rate performance and initial discharge capacity in comparison to the ZrxPOy-coated and uncoated samples. Using online electrochemical mass spectroscopy, we show that the coated ACEIs largely suppress the degradative parasitic side reactions observed with the uncoated NMC811 sample. Our study demonstrates that providing extra lithium to the ACEI layer improves the cycling stability of the NMC811 cathode material without sacrificing its rate capability performance.

High-throughput thermal plasma synthesis of FexCo1-x nano-chained particles with unusually high permeability and their electromagnetic wave absorption properties at high frequency (1-26 GHz).

Herein, we introduce novel 1-dimensional nano-chained FeCo particles with unusually-high permeability prepared by a highly-productive thermal plasma synthesis and demonstrate an electromagnetic wave absorber with exceptionally low reflection loss in the high-frequency regime (1-26 GHz). During the thermal plasma synthesis, spherical FeCo nanoparticles are first formed through the nucleation and growth processes; then, the high temperature zone of the thermal plasma accelerates the diffusion of constituent elements, leading to surface-consolidation between the particles at the moment of collision, and 1-dimensional nano-chained particles are successfully fabricated without the need for templates or a complex directional growth process. Systematic control over the composition and magnetic properties of FexCo1-x nano-chained particles also has been accomplished by changing the mixing ratio of the Fe-to-Co precursors, i.e. from 7 : 3 to 3 : 7, leading to a remarkably high saturation magnetization of 151-227 emu g-1. In addition, a precisely-controlled and uniform surface SiO2 coating on the FeCo nano-chained particles was found to effectively modulate complex permittivity. Consequently, a composite electromagnetic wave absorber comprising Fe0.6Co0.4 nano-chained particles with 2.00 nm-thick SiO2 surface insulation exhibits dramatically intensified permeability, thereby improving electromagnetic absorption performance with the lowest reflection loss of -43.49 dB and -10 dB (90% absorbance) bandwidth of 9.28 GHz, with a minimum thickness of 0.85 mm.

Evaluation of Lidocaine and Metabolite Pharmacokinetics in Hyaluronic Acid Injection.

Lidocaine-incorporated hyaluronic acid injection (LHA) is considered a promising way to increase patient compliance. Various reviews and analyses have been conducted to verify that the addition of lidocaine had no effect on the product quality of hyaluronic acid injections. However, possible pharmacokinetic (PK) alterations of lidocaine and its active metabolites, monoethylglycylxylidide (MEGX) and glycylxylidide (GX), in hyaluronic acid injection have not been studied so far. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate lidocaine and its metabolite PK after 0.3% lidocaine solution or LHA injection and to investigate any changes in PK profiles of lidocaine and its active metabolites. To do this, a novel bio-analytical method for simultaneous determination of lidocaine, MEGX, and GX in rat plasma was developed and validated. Then, plasma concentrations of lidocaine and its active metabolites MEGX and GX following subcutaneous (SC) injection of 0.3% lidocaine solution or LHA with 0.3-1% lidocaine in male Sprague-Dawley rats were successfully determined. The obtained data were used to develop a parent-metabolite pharmacokinetic (PK) model for LHA injection. The half-life, dose-normalized Cmax, and AUCinf of lidocaine after SC injection of lidocaine solution and LHA did not show statistically significant difference. The PK characteristics of lidocaine after LHA administration were best captured using a two-compartment model with combined first-order and transit absorption and its clearance described with Michaelis-Menten and first-order elimination kinetics. Two one-compartment models were consecutively added to the parent model for the metabolites. In conclusion, the incorporation of lidocaine in hyaluronic acid filler injection did not alter the chemical's pharmacokinetic characteristics.

Sensitivity Improvement of Stretchable Strain Sensors by the Internal and External Structural Designs for Strain Redistribution.

Fiber strain sensors that are directly woven into smart textiles play an important role in wearable systems. These sensors require a high sensitivity to detect the subtle strain in practical applications. However, traditional fiber strain sensors with constant diameters undergo homogeneous strain distribution in the axial direction, thereby limiting the sensitivity improvement. Herein, a novel strategy of internal or external structural design is proposed to significantly improve the sensitivity of fiber strain sensors. The fibers are produced with directional increases in diameter (internal design) or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microbeads attached to surfaces (external design) by combining hollow glass tubes used as templates with PDMS drops. The structural modification of the fiber significantly impacts the sensing performance. After optimizing structural parameters, the highest gauge factor reaches 123.1 in the internal-external structure design at 25% strain. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the desirable scheme is the internal structural design, which features a high sensitivity of 110 with a 100% improvement at ∼5-20% strain. Because of the sufficiently robust interface, even at the 800th cycle, fiber sensors still possessed an excellent stable performance. The morphology evolution mechanism indicates that the resistance increase is closely related with the increased peak width and distance, and the appearance of gaps. Based on the finite element modeling simulation, the quantified effective contributions of different strategies positively correlate with the improved sensitivity. The proposed fiber strain sensors, which are woven into the two-dimensional network structure, exhibit an excellent capability for displacement monitoring and facilitate the traffic control of crossroads.

EMI Shielding of the Hydrophobic, Flexible, Lightweight Carbonless Nano-Plate Composites.

The cost-effective spray coated composite was successfully synthesis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The one step synthetic strategy was used for the synthesis of nanoplates that have a crystalline nature. The composites are amorphous and hydrophobic with micron thickness (<400 m). The maximum contact angle showed by composite is 132.65° and have wetting energy of -49.32 mN m-1, spreading coefficient -122.12 mN m-1, and work of adhesion 23.48 mN m-1. The minimum thickness of synthesized nanoplate is 3 nm while the maximum sheet resistance, resistivity, and electrical conductivity of the composites are 11.890 ohm sq-1, 0.4399 Ω.cm-1, and 8.967 S.cm-1, respectively. The cobalt nanoplate coated non-woven carbon fabric (CoFC) possesses excellent sheet resistance, hydrophobic nature, and EMI shielding efficiency of 99.99964%. The composite can block above 99.9913% of incident radiation (X band). Hence, the composite can be utilized in application areas such as medical clothes, mobile phones, automobiles, aerospace, and military equipment.

Fabrication of TiB2-Al1050 Composites with Improved Microstructural and Mechanical Properties by a Liquid Pressing Infiltration Process.

This study was conducted on titanium diboride (TiB2) reinforced Al metal matrix composites (MMCs) with improved properties using a TiB2 and aluminum (Al) 1050 alloy. Al composites reinforced with fine TiB2 at volume ratios of more than 60% were successfully fabricated via the liquid pressing infiltration (LPI) process, which can be used to apply gas pressure at a high temperature. The microstructure of the TiB2-Al composite fabricated at 1000 °C with pressurization of 10 bar for 1 h showed that molten Al effectively infiltrated into the high volume-fraction TiB2 preform due to the improved wettability and external gas pressurization. In addition, the interface of TiB2 and Al not only had no cracks or pores but also had no brittle intermetallic compounds. In conclusion, TiB2-Al composite, which has a sound microstructure without defects, has improved mechanical properties, such as hardness and strength, due to effective load transfer from the Al matrix to the fine TiB2 reinforcement.

Mg2+ ion-catalyzed polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane in battery electrolytes.

Electrolyte salts with Mg2+ and Al3+ Lewis acidic cations demonstrate polymerization of 1,3-dioxolane. The speed and extent of the reaction depends on coordination of the anion with the Mg2+ cation catalyst. Weakly coordinating anions such as TFSI- aid faster polymerization while strongly coordinating anions such as ClO4- hinder the polymerization.

Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Organoarsenicals in Edible Marine Species: A Review.

Setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is complicated, owing to the enormous diversity of arsenic metabolism in humans, lack of knowledge about the toxicity of these chemicals, and lack of accurate arsenic speciation data on foodstuffs. Identification and quantification of the toxic arsenic compounds are imperative to understanding the risk associated with exposure to arsenic from dietary intake, which, in turn, underscores the need for speciation analysis of the food. Arsenic speciation in seafood is challenging, owing to its existence in myriads of chemical forms and oxidation states. Interconversions occurring between chemical forms, matrix complexity, lack of standards and certified reference materials, and lack of widely accepted measurement protocols present additional challenges. This review covers the current analytical techniques for diverse arsenic species. The requirement for high-quality arsenic speciation data that is essential for establishing legislation and setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is explored.

Determination of total arsenic and hydrophilic arsenic species in seafood.

Marine organisms are vital sources of staple and functional food but are also the major dietary route of human exposure to total arsenic. We surveyed the total arsenic content and the mass fractions of hydrophilic arsenic species from five different marine food types cutting across the food chain from microalgae, macroalgae, bivalve clam, crustaceans and finfish. Total arsenic was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) while arsenic speciation analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ICP-MS as the detector. The total arsenic contents ranged from 133 ± 11 ng/g to 26,630 ± 520 ng/g. The mass fractions of inorganic arsenic (iAs), arsenobetaine (AsB), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and the four commonly occurring arsenosugars (AsSugars) are reported. Extractable hydrophilic arsenic species accounted for 10 % (aquacultured shrimp) to 95 % (kelp) of the total arsenic. DMA was established to be a byproduct of the decomposition of AsSugars in acid extracts of samples known to contain these species.

Mechanical Properties and Epoxy Resin Infiltration Behavior of Carbon-Nanotube-Fiber-Based Single-Fiber Composites.

Carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF), prepared by the direct-spinning method, has several nanopores, and the infiltration behavior of resins into these nanopores could influence the mechanical properties of CNTF-based composites. In this work, we investigated the infiltration behavior of resin into the nanopores of the CNTFs and mechanical properties of the CNTF-based single-fiber composites using six epoxy resins with varying viscosities. Epoxy resins can be easily infiltrated into the nanopores of the CNTF; however, pores appear when a resin with significantly high or low viscosity is used in the preparation process of the composites. All the composite fibers exhibit lower load-at-break value compared to as-densified CNTF, which is an unexpected phenomenon. It is speculated that the bundle structure of the CNTF can undergo changes due to the high affinity between the epoxy and CNTF. As composite fibers containing pores exhibit an even lower load-at-break value, the removal of pores by the defoaming process is essential to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite fibers.

An effective utilization of MXene and its effect on electromagnetic interference shielding: flexible, free-standing and thermally conductive composite from MXene-PAT-poly(p-aminophenol)-polyaniline co-polymer.

MXene and conductive polymers are attractive candidates for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) applications. The MXene-PAT-conductive polymer (CP) composites were fabricated by a cost-effective spray coating technique and characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. A new approach has been developed for the synthesis of exfoliated MXene. The MXene-PAT-poly(p-aminophenol)-polyaniline co-polymer composite exhibited good electric conductivity (EC) of 7.813 S cm-1. The composites revealed an excellent thermal properties, which were 0.687 W (m K)-1 thermal conductivity, 2.247 J (g K)-1 heat capacity, 0.282 mm2 s-1 thermal diffusivity and 1.330 W s1/2 m-2 K-1 thermal effusivity. The composites showed 99.99% shielding efficiency and the MXene-PAT-PANI-PpAP composite (MXPATPA) had EMI shielding effectiveness of 45.18 dB at 8.2 GHz. The reduced form of MXene (r-Ti3C2T x ) increased the shielding effectiveness (SE) by 7.26% and the absorption (SEA) was greatly enhanced by the ant farm like structure. The composites possess excellent thermal and EMI SE characteristics, thus can be applied in areas, such as mobile phones, military utensils, heat-emitting electronic devices, automobiles and radars.

A chemically bonded supercapacitor using a highly stretchable and adhesive gel polymer electrolyte based on an ionic liquid and epoxy-triblock diamine network.

Despite significant advances in the development of flexible gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), there are still problems to be addressed to apply them to flexible electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs), including interfacial interactions between the electrolyte and electrode under deformation. Previously reported EDLCs using GPEs have laminated structures with weak interfacial interactions between the electrode and electrolyte, leading to fragility upon elongation and low power density due to lower utilization of the surface area of the carbon material in the electrode. To overcome these problems, we present a new strategy for constructing an epoxy-based GPE that can provide strong adhesion between electrode and electrolyte. The GPE is synthesized by polymerization of epoxy and an ionic liquid. This GPE shows high flexibility up to 509% and excellent adhesive properties that enable strong chemical bonding between the electrode and electrolyte. Moreover, the GPE is stable at high voltage and high temperature with high ionic conductivity of ∼10-3 S cm-1. EDLCs based on the developed GPE exhibit good compatibility between the electrode and electrolyte and work properly when deformed. The EDLCs also show a high specific capacitance of 99 F g-1, energy density of 113 W h kg-1, and power density of 4.5 kW g-1. The excellent performance of the GPE gives it tremendous potential for use in next generation electronic devices such as wearable devices.