Clustering Aided Weakly Supervised Training to Detect Anomalous Events in Surveillance Videos.

Formulating learning systems for the detection of real-world anomalous events using only video-level labels is a challenging task mainly due to the presence of noisy labels as well as the rare occurrence of anomalous events in the training data. We propose a weakly supervised anomaly detection system that has multiple contributions including a random batch selection mechanism to reduce interbatch correlation and a normalcy suppression block (NSB) which learns to minimize anomaly scores over normal regions of a video by utilizing the overall information available in a training batch. In addition, a clustering loss block (CLB) is proposed to mitigate the label noise and to improve the representation learning for the anomalous and normal regions. This block encourages the backbone network to produce two distinct feature clusters representing normal and anomalous events. An extensive analysis of the proposed approach is provided using three popular anomaly detection datasets including UCF-Crime, ShanghaiTech, and UCSD Ped2. The experiments demonstrate the superior anomaly detection capability of our approach.

Stabilizing Adversarially Learned One-Class Novelty Detection Using Pseudo Anomalies.

Recently, anomaly scores have been formulated using reconstruction loss of the adversarially learned generators and/or classification loss of discriminators. Unavailability of anomaly examples in the training data makes optimization of such networks challenging. Attributed to the adversarial training, performance of such models fluctuates drastically with each training step, making it difficult to halt the training at an optimal point. In the current study, we propose a robust anomaly detection framework that overcomes such instability by transforming the fundamental role of the discriminator from identifying real vs. fake data to distinguishing good vs. bad quality reconstructions. For this purpose, we propose a method that utilizes the current state as well as an old state of the same generator to create good and bad quality reconstruction examples. The discriminator is trained on these examples to detect the subtle distortions that are often present in the reconstructions of anomalous data. In addition, we propose an efficient generic criterion to stop the training of our model, ensuring elevated performance. Extensive experiments performed on six datasets across multiple domains including image and video based anomaly detection, medical diagnosis, and network security, have demonstrated excellent performance of our approach.

Endovascular treatment of ruptured subclavian artery aneurysm presented with hemoptysis.

Ruptured subclavian artery aneurysm (SAA) is extremely rare and it can cause a life-threatening condition. We described an elderly patient with ruptured SAA who underwent endovascular treatment successfully. Our case showed that endovascular repair may be one of the options for the treatment of ruptured SAA when surgical repair is impossible or not indicated for its difficulty. .

Omega-3 fatty acid therapy dose-dependently and significantly decreased triglycerides and improved flow-mediated dilation, however, did not significantly improve insulin sensitivity in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.

BACKGROUND: Experimental studies demonstrate that higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) improves insulin sensitivity, however, we reported that n-3 FA 2g therapy, most commonly used dosage did not significantly improve insulin sensitivity despite reducing triglycerides by 21% in patients. Therefore, we investigated the effects of different dosages of n-3 FA in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS: This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. Age, sex, and body mass index were matched among groups. All patients were recommended to maintain a low fat diet. Forty-four patients (about 18 had metabolic syndrome/type 2 diabetes mellitus) in each group were given placebo, n-3 FA 1 (O1), 2 (O2), or 4 g (O4), respectively daily for 2 months. RESULTS: n-3 FA therapy dose-dependently and significantly decreased triglycerides and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol and improved flow-mediated dilation, compared with placebo (by ANOVA). However, each n-3 FA therapy did not significantly decrease high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, compared with placebo. O1 significantly increased insulin levels and decreased insulin sensitivity (determined by QUICKI) and O2 significantly decreased plasma adiponectin levels relative to baseline measurements. Of note, when compared with placebo, each n-3 FA therapy did not significantly change insulin, glucose, adiponectin, glycated hemoglobin levels and insulin sensitivity (by ANOVA). We observed similar results in a subgroup of patients with the metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: n-3 FA therapy dose-dependently and significantly decreased triglycerides and improved flow-mediated dilation. Nonetheless, n-3 FA therapy did not significantly improve acute-phase reactants and insulin sensitivity in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, regardless of dosages.