Effects of a modified live CSFV vaccine on the development of PMWS in pigs infected experimentally with PCV-2.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) on the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in conventional pigs infected experimentally with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The pigs infected with PCV-2 and immunised with modified live CSFV developed mild to moderate PMWS, whereas none of the pigs infected with PCV-2 alone or immunised with modified live CSFV alone developed PMWS. Lesions histologically characteristic of PMWS were observed in lymph nodes from the pigs infected with PCV-2 and immunised with modified live CSFV vaccine, and extensive replication of PCV-2 was detected in the nodes by in situ hybridisation.

Neutron and X-Ray Reflectivity Studies of the Adsorption of Aerosol-OT at the Air-Water Interface: The Structure of the Calcium Salt

We have used neutron and X-ray reflection to determine the structure of a layer of calcium bis-(2-ethyl 1-hexyl) sulphosuccinate (Aerosol-OT or AOT) adsorbed at the air/solution interface. The widths of the distributions of the chains and head groups of the molecule, and their positions in relation to the underlying water, have been measured at four concentrations varying from the solubility limit (CMC) at 4 x 10(-4) M to 1 x 10(-6) M. Over this concentration range the coverage changes from 68 ± 3 to 142 ± 8 Å2 per AOT unit. The structure of the layer both is quite different from that of NaAOT and varies quite differently with surface concentration. The Ca(AOT)2 layer is slightly (1 Å) further out from the water, but the chain region is thinner for the calcium surfactant. This is reflected most in the greatly reduced chain to head separation, which drops from about 6 Å in NaAOT to about 4 Å in Ca(AOT)2.