RESUMO
The disposition of chlorpheniramine was examined in seven children, 6-14 years of age, following a 0.1 mg/kg iv dose. Postinjection serum chlorpheniramine levels in each subject declined biexponentially, with the greatest intersubject variability occurring in the initial distribution of the drug. The volume of distribution at steady state ranged from 1.20 to 5.46 liters/kg. The chlorpheniramine serum clearance varied approximately twofold (234-470 ml/hr/kg) and generally decreased with age. The chlorpheniramine elimination half-life in children (mean of 9.6 hr) appeared shorter than that in adults, probably due to higher chlorpheniramine serum clearance in children.
Assuntos
Clorfeniramina/metabolismo , Adolescente , Criança , Clorfeniramina/administração & dosagem , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , CinéticaAssuntos
Asma/terapia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Alérgenos , Asma/diagnóstico , Criança , Doença Crônica , Clima , Cromolina Sódica/uso terapêutico , Ambiente Controlado , Humanos , Imunoterapia , Irritantes/efeitos adversos , Anamnese , Exame Físico , Psicoterapia , Teste de Radioalergoadsorção , Testes de Função Respiratória , Testes Cutâneos , Teofilina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Eleven asthmatic children were given intravenous aminophylline by two methods of administration: a 6 mg/kg loading dose followed by a 1.4 mg/kg/hr continuous infusion, or a bolus of 4 mg/kg given every four hours. Expiratory flow rates (forced expiratory volume at 1 s and expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity) were recorded at intervals for 24 hours with each regimen. Although the intermittent administration of aminophylline produced a substantial improvement, there was a significantly greater pulmonary response to continuous infusion.
Assuntos
Aminofilina/uso terapêutico , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Aminofilina/administração & dosagem , Criança , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Humanos , Infusões Parenterais , MasculinoRESUMO
A new method was developed for the quantitative analysis of chlorpheniramine in serum using the high sensitivity and selectivity of GLC-mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. Intense fragment ions at m/e 203 and 207 from the drug and a tetradeuterated analog, respectively, are monitored continuously. The deuterated quantitation standard can be prepared by a simple exchange reaction. A linear calibration curve was obtained over the range of 0-160 ng/ml of serum using 85 ng of the standard/ml. The sensitivity limit is 1-2 ng/ml, and each serum extract can be analyzed in less than 2 min. The method was applied to a measure chlorpheniramine concentrations through at least 1.5 biological half-lives.
Assuntos
Clorfeniramina/sangue , Criança , Deutério , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Masculino , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , MicroquímicaAssuntos
Asma/etiologia , Adenilil Ciclases/metabolismo , Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/imunologia , Criança , Comunicação , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade , Pediatria , Relações Médico-Paciente , Prostaglandinas/efeitos adversos , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta , Estimulação QuímicaRESUMO
Eighty-eight asthmatic children aged six to 16 years received monovalent influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccines. Forty-one of these children were given skin tests for allergy to eggs and vaccines, and 57 were given pulmonary function tests before and after immunization. Only four children reacted to the vaccines in the skin tests, with three of these children reacting to only one of four test preparations. Only two of the four children showed a correlation between reactivity to vaccine and allergy to egg antigens. No significant changes in pulmonary function were demonstrated.