[Digital innovation provides new perspectives in psychiatry].

Digital health technology is promising for improving mental healthcare by enabling continuous monitoring of behaviour by smartphones and wearables, new paradigms for testing in virtual reality, and analysis of big data through machine learning for prediction models. This might advance prevention efforts, and contribute to diagnostics and treatment; however, high quality studies of clinical effects and applicability are needed before implementation. In this review, we summarize the current status of the field relevant for a Danish mental healthcare setting, and comment on challenges.

Heritability of cerebral glutamate levels and their association with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a 1[H]-spectroscopy twin study.

Research findings implicate cerebral glutamate in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, including genetic studies reporting associations with glutamatergic neurotransmission. The extent to which aberrant glutamate levels can be explained by genetic factors is unknown, and if glutamate can serve as a marker of genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia remains to be established. We investigated the heritability of cerebral glutamate levels and whether a potential association with schizophrenia spectrum disorders could be explained by genetic factors. Twenty-three monozygotic (MZ) and 20 dizygotic (DZ) proband pairs con- or discordant for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, along with healthy control pairs (MZ = 28, DZ = 18) were recruited via the National Danish Twin Register and the Psychiatric Central Register (17 additional twins were scanned without their siblings). Glutamate levels in the left thalamus and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were measured using 1[H]-magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 Tesla and analyzed by structural equation modeling. Glutamate levels in the left thalamus were heritable and positively correlated with liability for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (phenotypic correlation, 0.16, [0.02-0.29]; p = 0.010). The correlation was explained by common genes influencing both the levels of glutamate and liability for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In the ACC, glutamate and glx levels were heritable, but not correlated to disease liability. Increases in thalamic glutamate levels found in schizophrenia spectrum disorders are explained by genetic influences related to the disease, and as such the measure could be a potential marker of genetic susceptibility, useful in early detection and stratification of patients with psychosis.