[RAPD and ISSR analyses of species and populations of the genus Stachys].

Molecular analysis of the genome was performed for 14 species of the genus Stachys. RAPD and ISSR analyses of the Stachys genome revealed 574 polymorphic fragments, including genus- and species-specific markers. Based on the patterns, UPGMA and the Jacquard coefficient were used to estimate the genetic distances between Stachys species and populations and to construct dendrograms reflecting the phylogenetic relationships among the Stachys species. Molecular analysis of the Stachys genome refined the phylogenetic positions of some species and revealed synonymous species.

[Variation and morphogenetic characteristics of different Stachys species during microclonal propagation]. / Osovennosti morfogeneza i poiavlenie variatsii pri mikroklonal'nom razmnozhenii raznykh vidov stakhisa.

Morphogeneses of Stachys different species introduced in culturing in vitro have been compared. The frequency of altered forms have been demonstrated to be related to the plant genotype. All regenerants of S. sieboldii, which reproduces in vivo only vegetatively, are phenotypically normal, irrespective of the concentrations of plant growth regulators at which they have been obtained. Only changes in isozyme patterns have been observed in the regenerants grown in media containing at least 10 mg/l benzyl aminopurine (BAP); most of these changes are the absence of a particular component of the pattern. The cross-pollinating species Stachys ocymastrum, which typically reproduces by seeds, has yielded morphologically altered forms even in phytohormone-free media; its isozyme patterns often contained a new component. Analysis of the isoperoxidase patterns of regenerants of both Stachys species obtained with the use of high phytohormone concentrations has demonstrated qualitative and quantitative changes suggesting the appearance of somaclonal variants even in the course of plant regeneration directly from nodal segments, bypassing callus formation. Changes have also been found in Stachys plants regenerating from the callus tissue.

[The detection of genome polymorphism in Stachys species using RAPD]. / Ispol'zovanie RAPD analiza dlia vydeleniia genomnogo polimorfizma u predstavitelei roda Stachys.

Molecular genome analysis was for the first time carried out in the genus Stachys. RAPD analysis proved to be suitable for identifying the species-specific markers, studying the interspecific DNA polymorphism, and detecting the genetic changes that arise during in vitro culturing of Stachys sieboldii. In addition, RAPD was used for screening genetic variation in S. sieboldii regenerants obtained at various phytohormone concentrations. High cytokinin concentrations and multiple regeneration were shown to induce genetic changes detectable with RAPD patterns. High DNA polymorphism was demonstrated for two types of S. sieboldii callus cultures and for plants regenerated from a callus culture.

[Isoenzyme variants of acid peroxidase in the genus Stachys]. / Izofermentnye spektry kislykh peroksidaz u predstavitelei roda Stachys.

Isozyme patterns of acid peroxidases and their dependence on plant age, cultivation conditions, and tissue type have been investigated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in four species of the genus Stachys. The most stable peroxidase patterns have been found in the plant roots. Acid peroxidases have been shown to be species-specific, which allows their use in taxonomic studies. Cultivation in vitro and in vivo produces different isozyme patterns in various tissues of plants of various ages.