Amazon tropical fishes of commercial interest show human-cell contamination but no SARS-CoV-2 in a real-life scenario.

BACKGROUND: Amazonas was one of the most impacted Brazilian states by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mortality rates were high, and the health systems collapsed. It is important to identify possible intermediate reservoirs to avoid animal-to-human contamination. Several tropical fish are of commercial interest and are sold in large open-air markets in the region, representing a large economic and dietary importance. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to verify if fish species of commercial importance, aerosols, and fish wastewater in local open-air markets, at a major capital city in the western Brazilian Amazon, are contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: 488 fish, 50 aerosol, and 45 wastewater samples were analyzed for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. The samples were subjected to extraction using the BIOGENE Viral DNA/RNA Extraction kit, and the molecular diagnosis was tested for SARS-CoV-2 using the Bio-Manguinhos SARS-CoV-2 (EDx) Molecular Kit. RESULTS: It was not possible to detect the virus (Ct≤40, for Gene E) in these samples, however, in 181 samples of fish it was possible to detect the human RP gene (Ct≤35, for the RP Gene), indicating human contact. There was a high number of COVID-19 diagnoses in all city districts in which the samples were collected, showing that SARS-CoV-2 was circulating. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that fish of local commercial importance do not carry SARS-CoV-2 viral particles, despite circulation of SARS-CoV-2, and are not an important source of animal-to-human contamination. Despite these results, the human RP gene was found detectable in fish, air, and fish wastewater, showing that such places may carry human pathogens.

From the first touch to biofilm establishment by the human pathogen Candida glabrata: a genome-wide to nanoscale view.

Candida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen that adheres to human epithelial mucosa and forms biofilm to cause persistent infections. In this work, Single-cell Force Spectroscopy (SCFS) was used to glimpse at the adhesive properties of C. glabrata as it interacts with clinically relevant surfaces, the first step towards biofilm formation. Following a genetic screening, RNA-sequencing revealed that half of the entire transcriptome of C. glabrata is remodeled upon biofilm formation, around 40% of which under the control of the transcription factors CgEfg1 and CgTec1. Using SCFS, it was possible to observe that CgEfg1, but not CgTec1, is necessary for the initial interaction of C. glabrata cells with both abiotic surfaces and epithelial cells, while both transcription factors orchestrate biofilm maturation. Overall, this study characterizes the network of transcription factors controlling massive transcriptional remodelling occurring from the initial cell-surface interaction to mature biofilm formation.

Genetic differentiation in red-bellied piranha populations (Pygocentrus nattereri, Kner, 1858) from the Solimões-Amazonas River.

Red-bellied piranhas (Pygocentrus nattereri) are widely caught with different intensities throughout the region of Solimões-Amazonas River by local fishermen. Thus, the management of this resource is performed in the absence of any information on its genetic stock. P. nattereri is a voracious predator and widely distributed in the Neotropical region, and it is found in other regions of American continent. However, information about genetic variability and structure of wild populations of red-bellied piranha is unavailable. Here, we describe the levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure of red-bellied piranha populations collected at different locations of Solimões-Amazonas River system. We collected 234 red-bellied piranhas and analyzed throughout eight microsatellite markers. We identified high genetic diversity within populations, although the populations of lakes ANA, ARA, and MAR have shown some decrease in their genetic variability, indicating overfishing at these communities. Was identified the existence of two biological populations when the analysis was taken altogether at the lakes of Solimões-Amazonas River system, with significant genetic differentiation between them. The red-bellied piranha populations presented limited gene flow between two groups of populations, which were explained by geographical distance between these lakes. However, high level of gene flow was observed between the lakes within of the biological populations. We have identified high divergence between the Catalão subpopulation and all other subpopulations. We suggest the creation of sustainable reserve for lakes near the city of Manaus to better manage and protect this species, whose populations suffer from both extractive and sport fishing.

Experiência do apoio matricial inserido no modelo de gestão por organização social de saúde na cidade de São Paulo

Esta dissertação teve como campo de análise a experiência do Apoio Matricial (AM) em contexto de organização social de saúde, realizada pela pesquisadora que exerceu função de psicóloga do NASF (NASF), na cidade de São Paulo. O AM é eixo central do NASF e corresponde a uma ferramenta de humanização da atenção e gestão em saúde e, como tal, apresenta como objetivo geral a concretização da democracia institucional no serviço de saúde. É uma pesquisa motivada pela vivência do AM e pelas contradições experimentadas ao longo do campo prático enquanto psicóloga. Buscou compreender como a privatização da saúde atravessa a ação dos trabalhadores na concretização do AM. Apresenta reflexões sobre o repasse da saúde pública para a gestão privada a partir do paradoxo entre a implantação de uma ferramenta de humanização da saúde pública em uma organização de direito privado, com suas políticas de contratação e de avaliação de profissionais que levam os modos de fazer saúde no sentido oposto ao da democracia institucional

The field of analyses of the following dissertation was the practical experience of using a mechanism called Matrix Support within a Social Healthcare Organization conducted by a psychologist-researcher within the Support Center for Family Health (NASF), in São Paulo - Brazil. The Matrix Support is the core of NASF activities and intends to be a tool of humanization of the care and health management and as such, has the general goal of achieving democracy in Institutional Healthcare Service. This research was motivated by my experience on applying the Matrix Support and its contradictions observed along the course as a practical psychologist. Sought to understand and explain how the privatization of the Healthcare Service has affected the action of healthcare professionals after the implementation of the matrix support. Furthermore, it presents my reflections about the transfer from a Public Healthcare System to Private Management System and the paradox of using a Public Health Humanization tool within a Private Organization that obviously has many different methods and policies such as hiring, evaluation mechanism and quantitative - individual goals